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Maternity or catastrophe: A study of household expenditure on maternal health care in India

Health 2013年第1期5卷 109-118页

作者： Saradiya Mukherjee Aditya Singh rakesh chandra Centre for the Study of Regional Development Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Global Health and Social Care Unit School of Health Sciences and Social Care University of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK

Using data from 60th round of the National Sample Survey, this study attempts to measure the incidence and intensity of ‘catastrophic’ maternal health care expenditure and examines its socio-economic correlates in urban and rural areas separately. Additionally, it measures the effect of maternal health care expenditure on poverty incidence and examines the factors associated with such impoverishment due to maternal health care payments. We found that maternal health care expenditure in urban households was almost twice that of rural households. A little more than one third households suffered catastrophic payments in both urban and rural areas. Rural women from scheduled tribes (ST) had more catastrophic head counts than ST women from urban areas. On the other hand, the catastrophic head count was greater among illiterate women living in urban areas compared to those living in rural areas. After adjusting for out-of-pocket maternal health care expenditure, the poverty in urban and rural areas increased by almost equal percentage points (20% in urban areas versus 19% in rural areas). Increasing education level, higher consumption expenditure quintile and higher caste of women was associated with increasing odds of impoverishment due to maternal health care expenditure. To reduce maternal health care expenditure induced poverty, the demand-side maternal health care financing programs and policies in future should take into consideration all the costs incurred during prenatal, delivery and postnatal periods and focus not only on those women who suffered catastrophic expenditure and plunged into poverty but also those who forgo maternal health care due to their inability to pay.

关键词： Out-of-Pocket Payments Maternal Health Care Poverty NSSO Catastrophic Expenditure

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Effect of exogenous progesterone on cumulus characteristics of buffalo oocytes by allowing passage of more number of sperm through cumulus but not essentially fertilization

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2018年第2期7卷 79-86页

作者： Madhusmita Panda Asmita Sandeep Kumar Purusottam Mishra Mahesh chandra Sahu Sachinandan De Tirtha Kumar Datta rakesh Kumar Nodal Officer Chief District Veterinary OfficeKadambedaBhadrak756100OdishaIndia Institute of Microbial Technology Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchChandigarhIndia BSL-4 National Institute of VirologySus RoadPashanPune-411021India Goat Breeding Farm AT/PO-SalapadaDistrict-KeonjharPin code-758020State-OdishaIndia Directorate of Medical Research IMS and SUM HospitalSiksha'O'Anusandhan UniversityK8Kalinga NagarBhubaneswar-751003OdishaIndia Animal Biotechnology Centre National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal132001HaryanaIndia

Objective:To understand the level of progesterone (P4) in different quality of buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and further to evaluate the effect of exogenous P4 supplementation on maturation and subsequent developmental ability of poor quality brilliant cresyl blue (BCB-)***: Progesterone secreted by different quality of buffalo oocytes was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the concentration differences were translated into P4 doses to be incorporated in the maturation medium of BCB-ve COCs followed by expression analysis of genes involved in the cumulus expansion, extracellular matrix disintegration and progesterone receptor signalling. In addition, the study also evaluated the effect of exogenous P4 on sperm-cumulus interaction. Results: More than 10-fold up-regulated expression of progesterone receptor in P4 supplemented oocytes signified that P4 might be acting predominantly through this receptor. Also, exogenous P4 supplementation had significant effect on transcatheter arterial chemoembolization protease regulated by P4-progesterone receptor pathway which in turn had an important role in extracellular matrix disintegration. On the contrary, cumulus expansion genesHAS2,TNFAIP6,AREG were not altered upon P4 supplementation. Also, it was observed that P4 addition did facilitate passage of significantly more number of spermatozoa through P4 treated cumulus cells. Further, incorporation of different doses of P4 did not improve significantly the cleavage and blastocyst rates of BCB-ve ***: Different qualities of buffalo COCs secrete substantially diverse levels of P4, and its supplementation has a role in oocyte maturation via modulation of cumulus characteristics but perhaps not fertilization.

关键词： BCB screening Progesterone Sperm cumulus interaction Fertilizing ability

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Radiation dose analysis of computed tomography coronary angiography in Children with Kawasaki disease

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第4期12卷 230-236页

作者： Mahesh chandra Bhatt Manphool Singhal rakesh Kumar Pilania Subhash Chand Bansal Niranjan Khandelwal Pankaj Gupta Surjit Singh Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit Department of PediatricsAdvanced Pediatrics CentrePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

BACKGROUND There is evolving role of computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA)in non-invasive evaluation of coronary artery abnormalities in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).Despite this,there is lack of data on radiation dose in this group of children undergoing *** To audit the radiation dose of CTCA in children with *** Study(December 2013-February 2018)was performed on dual source CT scanner using adaptive prospective *** dose length product(DLP in ***)was *** radiation dose(millisieverts-mSv)was calculated by applying appropriate age adjusted conversion factors as per recommendations of International Commission on Radiological *** dose was compared across the groups(0-1,1-5,5-10,and>10 years).RESULTS Eighty-five children(71 boys,14 girls)with KD underwent *** median age was 5 years(range,2 mo-11 years).Median DLP and effective dose was 21 ***,interquartile ranges(IQR)=15(13,28)and 0.83 mSv,IQR=0.33(0.68,1.01)*** DLP increased significantly across the age *** effective dose in infants(0.63 mSv)was significantly lower than the other age groups(1-5 years 0.85 mSv,5-10 years 1.04 mSv,and>10 years 1.38 mSv)(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the effective dose between the other groups of *** the CTCA studies were of diagnostic *** child required a repeat *** CTCA is feasible with submillisievert radiation dose in most children with ***,CTCA has the potential to be an important adjunctive imaging modality in children with KD.

关键词： Computed tomography coronary angiography Coronary artery abnormalities Dual source computed tomography Kawasaki disease Radiation exposure

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Measurement of Damping of Fiber Reinforced Composite Material

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2011年第5期1卷 555-564页

作者： Pramod Kumar rakesh chandra S.P. Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India

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Correlation Holography with A Single-Pixel Detector:A Review

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激光与光电子学进展 2021年第10期58卷 140-157页

作者： Tushar Sarkar Aditya chandra Mandal Chen Ziyang Pu Jixiong rakesh Kumar Singh Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University)Varanasi221005India Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindru University)Varanasi221005India College of Information Science and Engineering Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and TransformationHuaqiao UniversityXiamenFujian 361021China

Correlation holography uses incoherent light to reconstruct *** technique reconstructs objects as distributions of two-point coherence function rather than using optical fields,as in conventional *** basic principle of correlation holography is derived from the van Cittert--Zernike theorem and relies on the similarity between the optical field and the coherence *** implementation of the correlation holography techniques requires a field or intensity interferometer,and fringe analysis and crosscovariance measurement in these interferometers require a conventional camera with array *** the availability of digitally controlled diffractive elements,it is possible to replace the incoherent light source,such as a rotating ground glass,with a digital source loaded with the random patterns in *** strategies ease the burden on the detector and allow for correlation holography with a single-pixel detector(SPD)to be *** review paper discusses a close connection between digital holography and correlation *** principles of correlation holography with the SPD are reviewed in detail,and the advantages of using digital sources to mimic incoherent illumination in the correlation holography are examined in the context of three-dimensional and complex field imaging.

关键词： imaging systems correlation holography singlepixel detector digital holography coherence optics phase recovery

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Chronic rhinosinusitis and endoscopic sinus surgery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018年第1期4卷 29-32页

作者： Opeyemi O. Daramola rakesh K. chandra Rhinology Sinus and Skull Base SurgeryDivision of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryCrystal Run Healthcare2 Centerock RdWest NyackNY 10994USA Rhinology Sinus & Skull Base SurgeryVanderbilt University121521st Ave S#7209 MCE S TowerNashvilleTN 37232-8605USA

Olfactory dysfunction is a major symptom reported by patients with chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS). Surgical treatment of this disease requires close surveillance of such dysfunc-tion because of wide ranging implications for safety, quality of life, and impact on the flavor of foods and beverages. This review highlights key findings regarding the influences of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on olfactory function across the unique presentations of CRS. Such findings provide information useful for informing patients of potential complications and for obtaining informed consent prior to surgical intervention. ESS has been shown to improve olfaction across all types of CRS as assessed through quantitative testing and subjective reports. The presence of nasal polyposis (NP) and eosinophilia have been identified as predictors of signif-icant postoperative olfactory improvement. When indicated, judicious partial resection of the middle turbinate may result in improved olfactory function without a risk of long term compli-cation. Careful attention to the olfactory cleft and frontal sinus recess are important in limiting olfactory complications by avoiding indiscriminate disruption of olfactory epithelium. Given the chronic nature of the disease, surveillance of olfactory function in patients with CRS is a lifelong activity that will evolve as emerging technologies become available.

关键词： Hyposmia Smell Rhinosinusitis Nasal polyposis Olfaction Sinus surgery

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Environmental Infrasound and Its Impact on Public Health in the Kashmir Region

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2019年第3期8卷 165-190页

作者： Raghavan Gopalaswami Shakil Ahmad Romshoo rakesh chandra Thennaarassan Natarajan Retired Advanced Systems and Technology Analyst Formerly with DPSU Government of India Hyderabad India Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir State India Geologist Junior Research Fellow Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir State India

In earlier published studies it was shown that an anomalous degree of human physiological ailments and a psychology of sustained anger and violence exist in highly populated countries located on boundaries of colliding Tectonic Plates in three continents at Latitude 34° north. The Valley of Kashmir in Northern India is also located exactly on this latitude, hence chosen for detailed experimental verification of this phenomenon. This region also suffers from chronic public health hazards. Infrasound is very low frequency acoustic wave with frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz to 20 Hz. It emanates from earthquakes, geological Faults, colliding tectonic plates and atmospheric wind turbulence. Hearing protections like ear muffs and ear plugs offer little protection. One single earthquake can cause multiple infrasound sources in a region. It is shown how regional geomorphology in the Kashmir Valley enhances and sustains this phenomenon. Both the percentage of population with hearing disabilities;and casualties due to social violence increase or decrease in proportion to frequency of earthquakes. Infrasound is shown to be the causal linkage. Public health hazards due to environmental infrasound closely resemble public health hazards actually being suffered by the population in Kashmir as established by formal and extensive medical investigations. Hence a Field Study was carried out to locate and record infrasound emissions in ten locations near 34°N latitude in Kashmir Valley. An analytical technique was developed to integrate infrasound spectrum in specific locations with public health hazards. It was discovered that infrasound recorded in South Kashmir around 34°N latitude at the locations of highest amplitude lies in proximity of Active Faults from earthquake ruptures;and in proximity to a large field of past earthquakes that took place in 2006-2012. A comprehensive public health security system needs to be set up very urgently. Technological measures are iden

关键词： Environmental Infrasound Public Health Hazards Social Violence Regional Field Study Active and Passive Sound Cancellation

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Unusual pathways—From frustration to fascination

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2012年第2期2卷 77-80页

作者： Promila Verma rakesh Yadav Anil chandra Aseem Prakash Tikku Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University Lucknow India

The main objectives of root canal treatment are thorough shaping and cleaning of all pulp spaces and its complete obturation with an inert filling material. The presence of untreated canal may be a reason for failure of endodontic therapy. To achieve satisfactory root canal therapy, a proper and in-depth knowledge of complex and abnormal root canal morphology is essential.

关键词： Root Canal Anatomy Mandibular Molar Multiple Canals

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Tropical cyclone Fani-perspective from the trauma and emergency department of an affected tertiary hospital

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2020年第4期23卷 243-248页

作者： Chitta Ranjan Mohanty Mantu Jain rakesh Vadakkethil Radhakrishnan Prabeer chandra Mohanty Ritesh panda Department of Trauma and Emergency All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia Department of Orthopedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia

Purpose:To explore the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients admitted to the trauma and emergency department(TED)of a tertiary care hospital due to tropical cyclone Fani and highlight the challenges faced by the hospital in this natural ***:A retrospective study was conducted in the TED in the affected *** of all victims affected by the cyclone Fani on May 3,2019 were obtained from disaster records and medical case *** patients except death on admission were *** variables included anatomical sites and severity of injuries which was assessed by revised trauma score(RTS)and injury severity score(ISS).Trauma injury severity score(TRISS)was also ***:Of 75 patients,74 were included and the other one was brought dead and thus *** age,median±interquartile range(IQ),was 41.0(27.7-53.0)*** male to female ratio was 2:*** of the wounded were transported by the police control room vans on day 1:first 10 h,50.0%;10-24 h,20.3%.The median±IQ range of RTS,ISS and TRISS were 20(14-28),7.84(7.841-7.841),and 97.4(91.6-98.9),*** external injury was the dominant injury ***(ISS>15)was seen in 67%cases and spine injury in 14%cases(7%cervical and 7%thoracolumbar).Injury causes included sharp flying objects(broken pieces of glasses and asbestos)in 31%cases,followed by fall of trees in 20.3%.Twenty-four patients were discharged after primary treatment,30 admitted to the indoor-trauma ward or intensive care unit and 20 deferred or transferred to another *** was no in-house *** were related to electricity failure,mobile network breakdown,infrastructure collapse,and delay in expertise repair from outside due to airport/railway ***:In cyclonic storm like Fani,sharp flying objects,fall of trees/poles and collapsing walls constitute the common mode of injuries causing harm to more than one body *** was seen in the majority of patien

关键词： Natural disasters Tropical cyclone Multiple trauma Tertiary care

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Miliary nodules due to secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis in rheumatic heart disease

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World Journal of Radiology 2011年第2期3卷 51-54页

作者： Gyanendra agrawal Ritesh Agarwal Manoj Kumar Rohit Venkat Mahesh rakesh Kumar Vasishta Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Department of Cardiology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Department of Histopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Pulmonary hemosiderosis is defined as the clinical and functional consequence of iron overload of the lungs,which usually occurs due to recurrent intra-alveolar *** can manifest as miliary mottling and should be entertained in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with miliary nodules on chest radiography,especially those with mitral *** management of secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis secondary to valvular heart disease includes valvuloplasty and/or valve *** radiological opacities may disappear with successful treatment of the underlying valvular disease in many ***,they may persist with no physiological impairment to the ***,we present a 32-year-old man with mitral stenosis who presented with fever and miliary shadows on chest radiography,which was ultimately diagnosed as secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis.

关键词： Miliary nodules Mitral stenosis Tuberculosis:Hemosiderosis

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