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Spotless days and geomagnetic index as the predictors of solar cycle 25

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第9期21卷 21-28页

作者： Dipali S.Burud Rajmal Jain Arun K.Awasthi Sneha Chaudhari Sushanta C.Tripathy Nat Gopalswamy Pramod Chamadia Subhash C.Kaushik rajiv vhatkar Department of Physics Shivaji UniversityKolhapur 416004India Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura380009 Ahmedabad CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesBeijing 100101China National Solar Observatory 3665 Discovery Drive BoulderCO 80303USA Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMD 20771USA Department of Physics Govt.PG Autonomous CollegeSatnaM.P.485001India Department of Physics Govt.P.G.CollegeDatiyaM.P.475661India Sh.M.M.Patel Institute of Sciences and Research Kadi Sarva VishwavidyalayaGandhinagar 382015India

We study the sunspot activity in relation to spotless days(SLDs)during the descending phase of solar cycles 11-24 to predict the amplitude of sunspot cycle *** this purpose,in addition to SLD,we also consider the geomagnetic activity(aa index)during the descending phase of a given cycle.A very strong correlation of the SLD(0.68)and aa index(0.86)during the descending phase of a given cycle with the maximum amplitude of next solar cycle has been *** empirical relationship led us to deduce the amplitude of cycle 25 to be 99.13±14.97 and 104.23±17.35 using SLD and aa index,respectively as *** the predictors provide comparable amplitude for solar cycle 25 and reveal that solar cycle 25 will be weaker than cycle ***,we predict that the maximum of cycle 25 is likely to occur between February and March *** the aa index has been utilized extensively in the past,this work establishes SLDs as another potential candidate for predicting the characteristics of the next cycle.

关键词： Sun:activity Sun:sunspots Sun:rotation methods:statistical

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Recent Progress in Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces: A Review

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Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 2012年第2期2卷 76-94页

作者： Sanjay Subhash Latthe Annaso Basavraj Gurav Chavan Shridhar Maruti rajiv Shrikant vhatkar Department of Physics Shivaji University Kolhapur India Netaji Science College Solapur India.

In nature, water-repellency (superhydrophobicity) is found, besides in plants, in insects and bird feathers. The booming field of biomimetics allows one to mimic nature to develop nanomaterials, nanodevices, and processes which offer desirable properties. Biomimetics means mimicking biology or nature. Inspired from nature, which reveals excellent superhydrophobicity, researchers have recently developed and implemented biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces in a variety of smart and simple ways. Superhydrophobicity is an effect where surface roughness and chemical composition combine to generate unusual water repellent surface, causing water to bounce and roll off the surface. This review article provides the overview of the recent progress (within the last four years) in the synthesis, characterization, theoretical modelling, and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces, with focus on the different techniques used and how they have developed over the years. At last, the difficulties related to implementation of superhydrophobic surfaces in day to day life are discussed. This review can find interesting for students, scientists and industrial companies working especially on superhydrophobic surfaces.

关键词： Superhydrophobic Wetting Water Contact Angle Biomimetic Nanostructure Self-Cleaning

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