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Effect of cooling media on bead geometry,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 124-149页

作者： Parveen kumar Satish kumar Sharma Ratnesh kumar raj singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147004India

This work aims to present and explore thermal management techniques for the wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)of IN718 *** heat can be mitigated via air or water *** this study,the material was deposited under four different heat-input conditions with air or water *** air cooling,the layer is deposited in a normal atmospheric air environment,whereas with water cooling,the material is deposited inside a water tank by varying the water *** validate the air and water cooling thermal management techniques,IN718 single-pass and multilayer linear walls were deposited using the bidirectional gas metal arc welding based WAAM setup under four different heat input *** the deposition of single layers,the temperature profiles were recorded,and the geometric and microstructural features were *** multilayer wall structures,the mechanical properties(hardness,tensile strength,and elongation)were determined and assessed using the corresponding microstructural features explored through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)*** microstructure observed through SEM analysis in the building direction was found to be nonhomogenous compared with that in the deposition ***,water cooling was found to govern bead characteristics,such as wall width and *** grain size and anisotropy of the mechanical properties also decreased in the water-cooled ***,water cooling is an economical and efficient method to mitigate excessive heat accumulation in WAAM-deposited IN718.

关键词： Air cooling Water cooling IN718 Bead characteristics Microstructure Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

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Microstructure, mechanical properties and two-body abrasive wear behaviour of hypereutectic Al-Si-SiC composite

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2020年第1期30卷 65-75页

作者： raj kumar singh Amit TELANG Satyabrata DAS Department of Mechanical Engineering Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyLink Road Number 3Bhopal 462003India Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute(AMPRI) Near Habibganj NakaBhopal 462026India

The microstructure,mechanical properties,and the effects of sliding distance and material removal mechanism on two-body abrasive wear behaviour of hypereutectic Al-Si-Si C composite and its matrix alloy were *** hypereutectic Al-Si-Si C composite was prepared by stir casting *** hardness,ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the composite are increased by 17%,38%,and 30%respectively compared with those of the matrix alloy,while the elongation of the composite is decreased by 48%compared with that of the matrix *** wear rate of the materials is increased with increasing the abrasive size and the applied load and does not vary with the sliding *** wear surfaces and wear debris of the materials were characterized by high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy(HR FESEM)and wear mechanism was analyzed for low and high load regimes.

关键词： metal matrix composite fracture surface debris analysis two-body abrasive wear

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Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Bluetongue Virus

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第1期26卷 8-18页

作者： Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Madhusudhan Hosamani Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Pradeep Narayan Gandhale Gnanavel Venkatesan raj kumar singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research Institute Indian Veterinary Research Institute Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance National Research Centre on Equines and Veterinary Type Culture Centre

In the present study,a total of 24 MAbs were produced against bluetongue virus (BTV) by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) mediated fusion method using sensitized lymphocytes and myeloma cells. All these clones were characterized for their reactivity to whole virus and recombinant BTV-VP7 protein,titres,isotypes and their reactivity with 24 BTV-serotype specific sera in cELISA. Out of 24 clones,a majority of them (n = 18) belong to various IgG subclasses and the remaining (n = 6) to the IgM class. A panel of eight clones reactive to both whole BTV and purified rVP7 protein were identified based on their reactivity in iELISA. For competitive ELISA,the clone designated as 4A10 showed better inhibition to hyperimmune serum of BTV serotype 23. However,this clone showed a variable percent of inhibition ranging from16.6% with BTV 12 serotype to 78.9% with BTV16 serotype using 24 serotype specific sera of BTV originating from guinea pig at their lowest dilutions. From the available panel of clones,only 4A10 was found to have a possible diagnostic application.

关键词： Bluetongue virus Competitive ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Monoclonal antibody India.

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Detection of Bluetongue Virus Group-specific Antigen Using Monoclonal Antibody Based Sandwich ELISA

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Virologica Sinica 2010年第6期25卷 390-400页

作者： Pradeep Narayan Gandhale Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Madhusudhan Hosamani Gnanavel Venkatesan raj kumar singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research Institute Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance Indian Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre on Equines

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the bluetongue virus (BTV) group specific antigen (VP7) was characterized for its reactivity with purified virus and recombinant BTV VP7 (rVP7) protein and its suitability for use in the sandwich *** MAb,designated as 5B5 was specific to VP7 and belongs to IgG2a subclass and was selected for the development of the sELISA in this *** MAb had a titer of 1:25 with BTV and 1:2 with the rVP7 *** sELISA is based on capturing of BTV antigen with VP7 specific MAb followed by detection using BTV polyclonal antiserum raised in *** assay was evaluated with six cell culture adapted serotypes of BTV that have been isolated from India,1,2,15,17,18 and *** assay could detect BTV antigen as early as day 8 in *** was also successfully applied for the detection of BTV group specific antigen in clinical samples of blood,washed RBCs,buffy coat and plasma.A total of 102 field samples from animals,suspected of being infected with BTV,were tested and 29.42% were *** blood samples were also amplified in cell culture which improved the sensitivity of the *** confirmed that the sELISA is rapid and specific.

关键词： Bluetongue Diagnosis ELISA Monoclonal antibody Sandwich ELISA

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Study on Passive Immunity:time of Vaccination in Kids Born to Goats Vaccinated Against Peste des petits ruminants

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第4期27卷 228-233页

作者： Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Gnanavel Venkatesan Kaushal Kishor rajak Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash raj kumar singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteMukteswar 263138Nainital DistrictUttarakhandIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance(PD_ADMAS) HebbalBangalore 560024India Animal Health Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research-North Eastern HillUmiam 793103India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bangalore 560024India National Research Centre on Equines Hisar 125001India

In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in *** samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth *** kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV ***,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active ***,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed *** could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations.

关键词： Peste des petitis ruminants Goats Vaccination Passive immunity Evaluation Time of vaccination in kids

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A Rapid and Sensitive One Step-SYBR Green Based Semi Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR for the Detection of peste des petits ruminants Virus in the Clinical Samples

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第1期27卷 1-9页

作者： Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Gnanavel Venkatesan Vinita Yadav Vandna Bhanot Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash raj kumar singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteMukteswar 263138UttarakhandIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance(PD-ADMAS) Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia Animal Health Division ICAR-NEH RegionMeghalaya 793103India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia National Research Centre on Equines Hisar 125001HaryanaIndia

A sensitive and rapid single step real time （rt） RT-PCR was standardized using one-step Brilliant SYBR Green kit for detection and semi-quantitation ofpeste des petitis ruminants virus （PPRV） using the virus RNA and matrix （M） protein gene-specific primers and compared with established conventional RT-PCR and TaqMan RT-PCR. The assay amplifies a 124 bp fragment of the PPRV M gene with Tm of 78.28 to 78.50. The assay was linear within a range of 50 ng to 0.5 fg total virus RNA with a detection limit （sensitivity） of 0.5 fg. Based on the serial dilution of the live-attenuated PPR vaccine virus, the detection limit was -0.0001 cell culture infectious dose 50% units （TCID50）. Additionally, swab materials spiked with known titre of vaccine virus were equally well detected in the assay. The standardized rt RT-PCR was easily employed for the detection of PPRV nucleic acid directly in the field and experimental clinical samples. The assay detected the PPRV nucleic acid as early as 3 day post infection （dpi） and up to 20 dpi in swab materials from the experimental samples. The assay was rapid and more sensitive than TaqMan and conventional RT-PCR in the detection of PPRV nucleic acid from the PPR suspected clinical samples of sheep and goats. Therefore, the established, simplified SYBR green rt RT-PCR is an alternative test to the already existing various diagnostic assays and could be useful for rapid clinical diagnosis with advantage in reducing risk of contamination.

关键词： PPR M gene SYBR green RT-PCR Early diagnosis Clinical samples

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Evaluation of Efficacy of Stabilizers on the Thermostability of Live Attenuated Thermo-adapted Peste des petits ruminants Vaccines

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第5期26卷 324-337页

作者： Thachamvally Riyesh Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Gnanavel Venkatesan Vinita Yadav raj kumar singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteCampus Mukteswar 263138Nainital DistrictUttarakhandIndia Veterinary Type cultures Centre National Research Centre on EquinesSirsa RoadHisar 125001HaryanaIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance (PD-ADMAS) HebbalBangalore 560024India National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa RoadHisar 125001HaryanaIndia

In this study, thermo-adapted （Ta） PPR vaccines were assessed for their stability at 25, 37, 40, 42 and 45℃ in lyophilized form using two extrinsic stabilizers {lactalbumin hydrolysate-sucrose （LS） and stabilizer E} and in reconstituted form with the diluents （1 mol/L MgSO4 or 0.85% NaC1）. The lyophilized vaccines showed an expiry period of 24-26 days at 25℃, 7-8 days at 37℃ and 3-4 days at 40℃. LS stabilizer was superior at 42℃ with a shelf-life of 44 h, whereas in stabilizer E, a 40 h shelf-life with a comparable half-life was observed. At 45 ℃, the half-life in stabilizer E was better than LS and lasted for 1 day. Furthermore, the reconstituted vaccine maintained the titre for 48 h both at 4℃ and 25℃ and for 24-30 h at 37℃. As both the stabilizers performed equally well with regard to shelf-life and half-life, the present study suggests LS as stabilizer as a choice for lyophilization with 0.85% NaCldiluent, because it has better performance at higher temperature. These Ta vaccines can be used as alternatives to existing vaccines for the control of the disease in tropical countries as they are effective in avoiding vaccination failure due to the breakdown in cold-chain maintenance, as this vaccine is considerably more stable at ambient temperatures.

关键词： PPR Thermo-adapted Vaccines Stabilizers Diluents Thermo-stability

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Cytokines Expression Profile and Kinetics of Peste des petits ruminants Virus Antigen and Antibody in Infected and Vaccinated Goats

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第4期27卷 265-271页

作者： Arun Patel Kaushal Kishor rajak Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Shashi Bhusan Sudhakar Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash raj kumar singh Awadh Bihari Pandey Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteMukteswar 263138Nainital DistrictUttarakhandIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance(PD_ADMAS) Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia Animal Health Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research-North Eastern Hill RegionMeghalaya 793103India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia National Research Centre on Equines Hisar 125001HaryanaIndia

The present study deals with the co-ordination of cytokine （IL-4 and IFN-7） expression and kinetics of peste des petits ruminants （PPR） virus antigen and antibody in PPRV infected and vaccinated goats. The infected animals exhibited mixed cytokine （both TH1 and TH2） responses in the initial phase of the disease. The infected and dead goats had increased IFN-T response before their death; while IL-4 remained at the base level. The cytokine expression in recovered animals was almost similar to that of vaccinated ones, where a unique biphasic response of IL-4 expression was observed with an up-regulation of IFN-T on 7th days post vaccination （dpv）. Analysis of PPR virus antigen and antibody kinetics in different components of blood from infected and vaccinated animais revealed that the PPR virus antigen load was highest in plasma followed by serum and blood of the infected animals, whereas vaccinated animals showed only marginal positivity on 9th dpv. The antibody titer was high in serum followed by plasma and blood in both vaccinated and infected animals. Therefore, it is inferred that the presence of antigen and antibody were significant with the expression of cytokine, and that a decreased response of IL-4 was noticed during intermediate phase of the disease i.e., 7 to 12m days post infection （dpi）. This indicates the ability to mount a functional TH2 response after 14th dpi could be a critical determinant in deciding the survival of the PPR infected animal.

关键词： Peste despetits ruminants (PPR) Goat Cytokines Real time RT-PCR ELISA

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Novel design and composition optimization of self-lubricating functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide cutting tool material for dry machining

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Advances in Manufacturing 2021年第1期9卷 34-46页

作者： Rityuj singh Parihar raj kumar Sahu Srinivasu Gangi Setti Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology RaipurRaipurIndia

The functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide (FGCC) is a suitable material choice for cutting tool applications due to balanced hardness and fracture *** presence of cobalt and CaF2 composition gradient in FGCC may enhance mechanical as well as antifriction ***,structural design of selflubricating FGCC was proposed using Power law composition gradient model and thermal residual stresses (TRSs) as a key ***,*** and *** model was adopted for estimation of TRS,and optimum composition gradient was identified at Power law exponent n =*** designed material displayed compressive and tensile TRS at surface and core respectively;subsequently fabricated by spark plasma sintering and characterized via scanning electron microscope (SEM),indentation *** agreement between experimental and analytical values of TRS demonstrated the effectiveness of intended design model in the composition optimization of self-lubricating *** work will be helpful in implementation of dry machining for clean and green manufacturing.

关键词： Functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide(FGCC) Thermal residual stress(TRS) Solid lubricant Power law

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19:A review

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第2期12卷 215-220页

作者： Bhagat singh Dheer singh Vinod Verma Ramakant Yadav raj kumar Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Paramedical SciencesUttar Pradesh University of Medical SciencesEtawah206130India Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Uttar Pradesh University of Medical SciencesEtawah206130India Stem Cell Research Centre Department of HematologySanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow226014India Department of Neurology Uttar Pradesh University of Medical SciencesEtawah206130India Department of Neurosurgery Uttar Pradesh University of Medical SciencesEtawah206130India

As of August 16,2021,there have been 207,173,086 confirmed cases and 4,361,996 deaths due to the coronavirus disease(COVID-19),and the pandemic remains a global *** date,no effective and approved drugs are available for the treatment of ***-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)plays a crucial role in the invasion into host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of ***,ACE2 density is influenced by medical conditions,such as hypertension,or by drugs,including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs)and angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs),which can change the fate of SARS-CoV-2 ***2 is a target for these drugs and can be manipulated to limit the viral entry and replication within the *** strategies aimed at blocking ACE2 with small molecules,peptides,and antibodies,or by neutralizing the virus through its competitive binding with human recombinant soluble ACE2(hrsACE2)are currently under *** this article,we review the current state of knowledge that emphasizes the need to find effective therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by exploiting ACE2 as a potential *** increased soluble ACE2 levels and the application of hrsACE2 in patients with COVID-19 can be implemented to control the *** has not yet been established whether hypertension and other comorbidities,independent of age,have a direct role in ***,the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors,ACEIs and ARBs,should not be discontinued during COVID-19 treatment.

关键词： COVID-19 ACE2 receptors hrsACE2 ACE inhibitors RAS AT1R blocker

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