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Post Millennium Development Goals Prospect on Child Mortality in India: An Analysis Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) Model

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Health 2016年第15期8卷 1845-1872页

作者： Partha De Damodar Sahu Arvind Pandey B. K. Gulati Nomita Chandhiok Arvind Kumar Shukla Pavitra Mohan raj gautam mitra Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Institute of Medical Statistics ICMR Ansari Nagar New Delhi India Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi India Subharti Medical College Meerut India UNICEF New Delhi India

Background & Objectives: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are set up as a part of the Post Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Then it becomes essential to review the achievement of the MDGs in India and lessons learned to incorporate into the SDGs. The present study reviews and predicts different components of under-five mortality rate beyond 2015 to assess the present situation and to determine the future possibilities of achieving the new targets for SDGs in India. Data and Methods: It uses available time series data on different components of U5MR from the India’s Sample Registration System (SRS). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model has been taken as the method of time series analysis to forecast the mortality rates beyond 2015. Results: There is a consistent pattern of faster decline in the under-five mortality compared with the neonatal mortality rate across all major states in India although neonatal mortality contributes largest share in under-five mortality. Again, share of neonatal death among under-five death is increasing steadily over the future projected years. This indicates very slow progress of reduction in neonatal mortality. Stimulating efforts with new intervention programmes will be needed to focus more on lowering neonatal mortality particularly in rural India.

关键词： Under-Five Mortality Infant Mortality Neonatal Mortality Sustainable Development Goals Post-2015 Development Agenda ARIMA Model Mortality Projection

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Mineralogy and whole-rock geochemistry of the Oligocene Barail Group of rocks of Belt of Schuppen,Northeast India:Implications for tectono-provenance and paleo-weathering

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 904-932页

作者： Manash Pratim Gogoi Yunpeng Dong Pradip Borgohain Devojit Bezbaruah Arvind Pandey Yadav Krishna Gogoi Garima Konwar gautam raj Bawri Bubul Bharali Department of Petroleum Technology Dibrugarh UniversityAssam 786004India Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Department of Applied Geology Dibrugarh UniversityAssam 786004India Department of Statistics Central University of RajasthanAjmer 305817India Department of Geology Mizoram UniversityAizawlMizoram 796004India Department of Geology Pachhunga University CollegeAizawlMizoram 796001India

The petrographic and geochemical attributes of the Oligocene Barail Group of rocks are used to decipher the likely source area(s)or tectonic domains,as this sequence of rocks was deposited in a foreland basin governed by orogenic domain,namely the North-east Arunachal *** river system that gave rise to the Brahmaputra River(Yarlung-Tsangpo),which flowed through several tectonic domains of the Himalayan ranges,primarily from BomiChayu,Gangadese Granitoid,Higher Himalayan Leucogranites,and Namche Barwa into the proto Bengal Basin now a part of Assam Arakan Basin and Naga Schuppen Belt,was the main source of the sandstone formation of the Barail *** purpose of sandstone petrography,which combines modal analysis with XRF(Major Oxides)and HR-ICPMS(Trace&Rare Earth Elements)research,is to identify the type of source rock(s),their weathering pattern,and its paleo-environmental *** sandstones were formed from recycled orogen and include lithic and sublithic arenite variants with advanced texture and chemical *** sediments were felsic(Th/Co:1.38,Cr/Th:9.78,La/Lu:11.58,Th/Sc:0.99,Eu/Eu*:0.66,La/Sc:3.05,La/Co:4.18),with contributions from intermediate source rocks and low-rank metamorphics deposited in an active continental margin to a continental island arc *** conditions impacted the sediments of Barails,characterised by being warm and semi-humid to humid which resulted in moderate to a high degree of chemical weathering,as shown by weathering indices like CIA(79.14),PIA(85.47),CIW(86.9),WIP(32.50),ICV(0.71),and Th/U(6.03),which were further additionally supported by C-Value(1.01),PF(1.20),Sr/Cu(2.04),and Rb/Sr(0.97).

关键词： Belt of Schuppen Barail Group Sandstone Petrography Geochemistry Provenance Tectonic setting

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Outcome of patients with traumatic cranial nerve palsy admitted to a university hospital in Nepal

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中华神经外科杂志(英文) 2024年第2期10卷 1-7页

作者： Kumari Khusbu gautam Naveen Parajuli Monika Singh Shreejana Pradhananga Amit Sedai Gopal Shilpakar Sushil Sharma Mohan raj Maharajgunj Medical Campus Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Maharajgunj Kathmandu Nepal Department of Research Institute of Medicine Maharajgunj Kathmandu Nepal Department of Neurosurgery Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Maharajgunj Kathmandu Nepal

Background Cranial nerve palsy (CNP) is a common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite a high incidence of TBI in Nepal (382 per 100,000), literature on the specific management and outcome of CNP is lacking. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of TBI patients involving single versus multiple *** A retrospective chart review of 170 consecutive TBI patients admitted to the tertiary neurosurgical center in Nepal between April 2020 and April 2022 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and etiological characteristics; imaging findings; and management strategies were recorded, compared, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) was used to measure the outcomes in two groups of patients (single and multiple CNP) at 3 *** Out of 250 eligible patients, 80 were excluded and CNP was noted in 29 (17.1%) of the remaining 170. The median age was 34.9 years, and falls (60.6%) were the most common cause of trauma. TBI severity was categorized based on GCS: mild (82.4%), moderate (15.9%), and severe (1.8%). Cranial nerve involvement was seen in 29 (17.05%) patients: single cranial nerve involvement in 26 (89.65%) and multiple nerve involvement in 3 (10.34%). The most common isolated cranial nerve involved was the oculomotor nerve (37.9%). CT findings revealed a maximum of skull fractures with no significant association between CNP and CT *** CNP is a common consequence of TBI with the most common etiology being falls followed by RTA. Single CNP was more common than multiple CNP with no significant difference in the outcome in the 3-month GOSE score. Further research is needed to determine the burden of traumatic CNP and establish specific management guidelines for different types of CNP.

关键词： Cranial nerve palsy Nepal Outcome Traumatic brain injury

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Phytochemical screening and wound healing potential of Cuscuta reflexa

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015年第5期24卷 292-302页

作者： Tapsya gautam Surya Prakash gautam raj K.Keservani Anil Kumar Sharma School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University Department of Pharmaceutics CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Department of Pharmaceutics Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The present study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Standard procedures have been followed to evaluate the pharmacognostical properties and preliminary screening of phytochemicals of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Albino Wistar rats(either sex) weighing 150–200 g were taken and made to acclimatize by providing them with the appropriate room conditions in the experimental room. Excision wound model has been selected for analgesic and wound healing activity for evaluating potential of the water-extract and ethanolic extract from the stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. The macroscopic and microscopic studies showed the various characteristic features of stems. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals reveled that alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids were the major groups of phytochemicals present in the successive extracts. Water and ethanolic extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to alleviate pain and wounds. It is concluded that the stems of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb have a markedly therapeutic potential to heal wound and may provide the pharmacological basis for its folk uses.

关键词： Pharmacognostical Phytochemical Soframycin Analgesic Wound healing Stem Cuscuta reflexa Roxb

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Fire-induced carbon emissions from tropical mixed broad-leaved forests of the Terai–Siwalik region,central Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2557-2565页

作者： Krishna Bahadur Bhujel Rejina Maskey Byanju Ambika Pgautam Ramesh Prasad Sapkota Udhab raj Khadka Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Kathmandu Forestry College Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Forest fires are one of the major environmental issues *** Nepal,substantial amounts of forest biomass and carbon are lost due to ***’s high value lowland forests are particularly vulnerable to ***,there are limited studies on the estimation of biomass loss and carbon emissions due to ***,this research addresses the information gap in the tropical mixed broad-leaved forests of Nawalparasi *** forests were divided into three strata:Lower Tropical Sal Mixed Broad-leaved Forest,Hill Sal Forest and Riverine Forest,and from these four community-managed forests were selected for estimating above ground ***-two sample plots were set out for above ground biomass estimation in burnt and non-burnt *** fire incidences from 2001 to 2017 were acquired from the MODIS fire *** biomass and carbon emissions were estimated using standard allometric *** fuel fraction consumed during the fire was estimated through field surveys during the forest fire *** results show that every year,over 3158 ha of forests are burnt,resulting in some 1108 tons of carbon emissions,equivalent to approximately 4066 t CO_(2),2581 t CO and 1474 t *** the forests,the Hill Sal Forest was more vulnerable to *** management strategies,therefore,should include construction of fire lines and conservation ponds along with capacity building and raising awareness among local communities and stakeholders.

关键词： Atmosphere Biomass density Burnt area Carbon emission Greenhouse gases

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Ecology and Conservation Status of Threatened Orchid <i>Dactylorhiza hatagirea</i>(D. Don) Soo in Manaslu Conservation Area, Central Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第23期5卷 3483-3491页

作者： Prakash Bhattarai Bikram Pandey raj Kumar gautam Rita Chhetri Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Makawanpur Multiple Campus Hetauda Nepal National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories Lalitpur Nepal

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo, commonly known as “Panchaunle”, is an important medicinal plant species distributed throughout the Himalaya region. The present work was conducted in order to assess its availability in natural habitats because of its medicinal properties, cultural significance and declining population density. The work focused primarily on its ecological features and conservation status. The density of D. hatagirea was found to be 2.18 individuals·m-2 with frequency and abundance being 81.81% and 2.67 individuals·m-2, respectively. We considered grazing, trampling, number of cattle and distance to settlement as anthropogenic factors. While grazing and trampling were shown to have a significant, negative impact on population density, we observed no significant change in the number of the species with respect to number of cattle and distance to settlement. We conclude that the species is threatened and that anthropogenic factors have a significant effect on its habitation in the study area.

关键词： Anthropogenic Grazing Medicinal Plants Population Density Threatened

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Effect of Postharvest Treatments on Quality and Shelf Life of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1098-1105页

作者： Pradeep raj Rokaya Dilli Ram Baral Durga Mani gautam Arjun Kumar Shrestha Krishna Prasad Paudyal Agriculture and Forestry University Rampur Chitwan Nepal National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) NARC Khumaltar Lalitpur Nepal

Nepal produces large quantity of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) annually but faces big losses due to improper postharvest treatments. The experiment was carried out during 2012-2013 with the objective of assessing the effect of different postharvest treatments on quality and shelf life of mandarin. The postharvest treatments were: wax emulsion at 10%, bavistin at 0.1%, wax at 10% with bavistin at 0.1%, calcium chloride at 1%, Jeevatu at 5% along with untreated fruits as a control. The experiment was conducted for four weeks of storage at ambient condition in Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Kathmandu. Wax in combination with bavistin was found as the most effective in reducing the physiological loss in weight, whereas bavistin proved to reduce decay loss up to four weeks of storage. The fruits treated with wax alone and with combination of bavistin retained maximum firmness, juice percentage, vitamin C and palatability rating during the storage. The minimum total soluble solid and maximum titrable acidity were recorded in the fruits treated with wax plus bavistin. The present findings indicate that mandarin can be stored up to four weeks when treated with wax as well as wax with bavistin in the condition with 14°C - 18°C temperature and 45% - 73% relative humidity.

关键词： Mandarin Fruit Quality Postharvest Treatments Palatability Rating and Postharvest Loss in Weight

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Effect of Altitude and Maturity Stages on Quality Attributes of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 958-966页

作者： Pradeep raj Rokaya Dilli Ram Baral Durga Mani gautam Arjun Kumar Shrestha Krishna Prasad Paudyal Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) Rampur Nepal National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) NARC Khumaltar Nepal

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a premier fruit crop which ranks in first position of the total fruit industry in Nepal. Studies were conducted to assess the maturity indices and quality parameters of mandarin at three altitudes i.e. 1300 m·asl, 1000 m·asl, and 700 m·asl with six maturity stages i.e. 11 Oct, 21 Oct, 31 Oct, 10 Nov, 20 Nov, and 30 Nov. The most important and reliable judging criteria of fruit maturity in mandarin i.e. fruit weight, external fruit colour, firmness, TSS, acidity, and TSS/Acid ratio, and vitamin C were experimented. The experiment results revealed that 1000 m·asl location was showed the highest fruit weight (104.9 g) and juice percentage (55.23) followed by 1300 m·asl altitude (99.5 g and 53.75% respectively) at 20th of November. The maturity advanced at lower altitude with 50 percent yellow orange rind colour, 10.98 TSS/acid ratio and 4 kg/cm2 firmness from 10th November at lower altitudes whereas it was appeared in 20th November at higher altitudes. The TSS/acid ratio was significantly higher (10.98) in the fruits of 700 m·asl as compared to 1300 m·asl (9.76) on 10th November, however, on 20th November 1300 m·asl showed the highest ratio (17.76). The fruit weight, juice content, TSS was found in increasing trends up to 20 November and then showed constant and decreasing trend. However, TA, firmness and vitamin C were showed in decreasing trends with time. The 1000 - 1300 m·asl was the best location for the mandarin production and 10-20 November was the best period for the mandarin harvesting for optimum maturity.

关键词： Maturity Physico-Chemical Quality Parameters Firmness Total Soluble Solid

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Effect of Pre-Harvest Application of Gibberellic Acid on Fruit Quality and Shelf Life of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1033-1039页

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a promising fruit crop gaining popularity for its human nutrition and economic importance in Nepal. The qualitative losses during pre-harvest stage hinder the productivity and subsequently shorten the on-tree storability. An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellic acid on quality and shelf life of the mandarin fruit. GA3 at 10, 20, and 30 ppm as against of control were evaluated. Observations on fruit weight (g), fruit firmness (kg/cm2), rind colour (1 - 5 index), juice recovery (%), TSS/acid ratio, PLW (%), decay loss (%), and ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml) were recorded at three harvesting dates i.e. 20 Nov, 5 Dec, and 20 Dec and storage condition. It has been revealed that the fruits treated with GA3 at 20 ppm retained higher fruit weight (128.6 g), more firmness (3.54 kg/cm2), better juice recovery (57.75%), and greater TSS/acid ratio (21.24) at the end of study (20 December). The PLW was found less with GA3 at 30 ppm in both ambient (5.17%) and cellar (6.69%) condition as against untreated fruits (9.52% and 11.76%). Similarly, the decay loss was minimum in the fruits treated with GA3 at 30 ppm both with ambient (1.02%) and cellar condition (8.21%) as against control with ambient (5.54%) and cellar (21.58%).

关键词： Fruit Quality Gibberellic Acid Peel Puncture Resistance Physiological Loss in Weight Postharvest Shelf Life

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Folate-targeted nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate complex carriers for enhanced delivery of bortezomib to colorectal cancer cells

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019年第1期14卷 40-51页

作者： Zar Chi Soe Bijay Kumar Poudel Hanh Thuy Nguyen raj Kumar Thapa Wenquan Ou Milan gautam Kishwor Poudel Sung Giu Jin Jee-Heon Jeong Sae Kwang Ku Han-Gon Choi Chul Soon Yong Jong Oh Kim College of Pharmacy Yeungnam University Department of Pharmaceutics University of Pharmacy (Yangon) Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Dankook University College of Korean Medicine Haany University College of Pharmacy Hanyang University

Folate-targeting self-assembled nanoparticles(NPs) using biocompatible and biodegradable natural polymers chitosan(Cs) and chondroitin sulfate(Chs) were developed to address the major challenge in cancer treatment, the selective delivery of nanoparticles to the target site. In this study, we successfully incorporated a hydrophobic drug, bortezomib(Bor), into folic acid(FA)-conjugated Cs/Chs self-assembled NPs(Bor/Cs/Chs-FA) for colorectal cancer therapy. The particle size and polydispersity index of Bor/Cs/Chs-FA were196.5 ± 1.2 nm and0.21 ± 0.5, respectively. A pH-dependent release profile was observed, facilitating cancer cell-targeted drug release under an acidic tumor microenvironment. Moreover, in vitro data revealed enhanced cellular uptake and apoptosis in folate receptor-expressing colorectal cancer cells(HCT-116 and HT-29) as compared to that in lung cancer cells(A549), which do not express folate receptors. Furthermore, intravenous administration of Bor/Cs/Chs-FA in a HCT-116 bearing xenograft mouse model showed that the NPs were a safe and effective drug delivery system. The results suggest that folate-targeted nanoparticle can be effectively applied for efficient chemotherapy of colorectal cancer.

关键词： Bortezomib Chitosan chondroitin sulfate Colorectal cancer Folic acid

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