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A multi-class time-dependent model for the analysis of waiting phenomena at a motorway tollgate

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第2期8卷 237-256页

作者： Andrea Pompigna raffaele Mauro Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of TrentoTrento 38123Italy

The planning, design and operational management of motorway toll booths are of great interest in traffic engineering, as these facilities directly influence the quality of the service offered to users. This paper focuses on a time-dependent queue model based on the coordinates transformation criterion for operations assessment at a motorway tollgate. This model allows to face the whole spectrum of situations that may characterize a toll booth,some of which often fall outside the boundaries of the probabilistic theory for stationary *** paper proposes an M=g=1 multi-class queue model for the evaluation of evolutionary profiles of waiting times and queue lengths by closed-form equations. The results obtained for three numerical test cases show a good approximation level, compared with the mean values of queue parameters obtained reiterating a discrete-state simulation *** proposed time-dependent equations will be useful in technical cases, allowing to operate quickly and compactly even when probabilistic queue theory is not applicable or produce unrealistic results, and the burden of complexity of the simulation approach is not conveniently absorbable. The discussion highlights a significant flexibility of the model proposed in addressing situations with conventional vehicles, i.e., with total human control and proposes some considerations for application in future scenarios with the presence of connected vehicles(CVs).

关键词： Traffic engineering Time-dependent queue model Shared queue Coordinate transformation method Tollgate

Emerging space for non-polyethene-glycol bowel preparations in inflammatory bowel disease-related colonoscopy:Veering toward better adherence and palatability

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2023年第46期29卷 6022-6027页

作者： raffaele Pellegrino Antonietta gerarda gravina Department of Precision Medicine Hepatogastroenterology DivisionUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaples 80138Italy

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)require repeated endoscopic evaluations over time by colonoscopy to weigh disease activity but also for different and additional indications(e.g.,evaluation of postoperative recurrence,colorectal cancer surveillance).Colonoscopy,however,requires adequate bowel preparation to be of *** latter is achieved as long as the patient takes a certain amount of product to have a number of bowel movements suitable to clean the colon and allow optimal visualization of the mucosa during ***,significant guidelines recommend preparations for patients with IBD not excelling in *** recommendation originates from the fact that most of the studies conducted on bowel preparations in patients with IBD have been done with isosmolar preparations based on polyethylene glycol(PEg),for which,therefore,more safety data *** a result,the low-volume non-PEg preparations(e.g.,magnesium citrate plus picosulphate,oral sulphate solutions)have been set aside for the whole range of warnings to be heeded because of their *** studies,however,are emerging,leaning in overall for a paradigm shift in this ***,such non-PEg preparations seem to show a particularly encouraging and engaging safety profile when considering their broad potential for tolerability and patient ***,such evidence is insufficient to indicate such preparations in all patients with IBD but may pave the way for those with remission or well-controlled *** article summarizes the central studies conducted in IBD settings using non-PEg preparations by discussing their results.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Bowel preparation Colonoscopy Polyethylene glycol Low-volume

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the neuropsychiatric status of Wilson’s disease

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2021年第39期27卷 6733-6736页

作者： giuseppe Lanza Massimiliano godani raffaele Ferri Alberto Raggi Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit Oasi Research Institute-IRCCSTroina 94018Italy Neurology Unit Sant’Andrea Civic HospitalLa Spezia 19121Italy Department of Neurology IC Sleep Research CenterOasi Research Institute-IRCCSTroina 94018Italy Unit of Neurology G.B.Morgagni-L.Pierantoni HospitalForlì47121Italy

We have read with interest the Letter to the Editor by *** and Zhong,who presented the clinical data of 68 patients with Wilson’s disease(WD)who were admitted to the hospital before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and appreciated their findings on hepatic and some extrahepatic ***,given the strong impact of the pandemic on patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders,we would have expected a worsening of the psychiatric and/or neurological impairments in these *** contrast,according to the authors,these manifestations remained,somewhat unexpectedly,*** finding is in contrast with most of the current literature that highlights not only an increased incidence of mental health disorders in the general population but also an exacerbation of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic diseases,especially in those with pre-existing neuropsychiatric disorders,such as *** the study was mainly focused on the hepatic features of WD patients taking anti-copper treatment,a generic and cumulative definition of neurological and psychiatric manifestations,as in this study,does not allow for further *** studies during and after the pandemic are necessary to clarify the real impact,either direct or indirect,of the COVID-19 pandemic on the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of WD patients.

关键词： Wilson’s disease Extra-hepatic manifestations Neuropsychiatric symptoms COVID-19 Therapy Resilience

Modulation of microbiota as treatment for intestinal inflammatory disorders: An uptodate

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2016年第32期22卷 7186-7202页

作者： Antonella gallo giovanna Passaro Antonio gasbarrini raffaele Landolfi Massimo Montalto Institute of Internal Medicine Fondazione Policlinico "Agostino Gemelli" Catholic University of Sacred Heart Institute of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medical Science Catholic University

Alterations of intestinal microflora may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. There is emerging interest on the role of selective modulation of microflora in inducing benefits in inflammatory intestinal disorders, by as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT). To summarize recent evidences on microflora modulation in main intestinal inflammatory disorders, Pub Med was searched using terms microbiota, intestinal flora, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation. More than three hundred articles published up to 2015 were selected and reviewed. Randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analysis were firstly included, mainly for probiotics. A meta-analysis was not performed because of the heterogeneity of these studies. Most of relevant data derived from studies on probiotics, reporting some efficacy in ulcerative colitis and in pouchitis, while disappointing results are available for Crohn's disease. Probiotic supplementation may significantly reduce rates of rotavirus diarrhea. Efficacy of probiotics in NSAID enteropathy and irritable bowel syndrome is still controversial. Finally, FMT has been recently recognized as an efficacious treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Modulation of intestinal flora represents a very interesting therapeutic target, although it still deserves some doubts and limitations. Future studies should be encouraged to provide new understanding about its therapeutical role.

关键词： Microbiota Inflammation gut Probiotic Prebiotic

Do green spaces affect the spatiotemporal changes of PM_(2.5) in Nanjing?

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 78-90页

作者： Jiquan Chen Liuyan Zhu Peilei Fan Li Tian raffaele Lafortezza International Center for Ecology Meteorologyand EnvironmentNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China CgCEO/geography Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Planning Designand ConstructionMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Institute of geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali University of BariBari 70126Italy Department of geography Michigan State University1405 S.Harrison RoadEast LansingMI 48823USA

Introduction:Among the most dangerous pollutants is PM_(2.5),which can directly pass through human lungs and move into the blood *** use of nature-based solutions,such as increased vegetation cover in an urban landscape,is one of the possible solutions for reducing PM_(2.5) *** study objective was to understand the importance of green spaces in pollution ***:Daily PM_(2.5) concentrations were manually collected at nine monitoring stations in Nanjing over a 534-day period from the air quality report of the China National Environmental Monitoring Center(CNEMC)to quantify the spatiotemporal change of PM_(2.5) concentration and its empirical relationship with vegetation and landscape structure in ***:The daily average,minimum,and maximum PM_(2.5) concentrations from the nine stations were 74.0,14.2,and 332.0μg m^(−3),*** of the 534 days,the days recorded as“excellent”and“good”conditions were found mostly in the spring(30.7%),autumn(25.6%),and summer(24.5%),with only 19.2% of the days in the *** PM_(2.5) concentrations exceeding the safe standards of the CNEMC were recorded predominately during the winter(39.3-100.0%).Our hypothesis that green vegetation had the potential to reduce PM_(2.5) concentration was accepted at specific seasons and *** PM_(2.5) concentration appeared very highly correlated(R2>0.85)with green cover in spring at 1-2 km scales,highly correlated(R2>0.6)in autumn and winter at 4 km scale,and moderately correlated in summer(R2>0.4)at 2-,5-,and 6-km ***,a non-significant correlation between green cover and PM_(2.5) concentration was found when its level was>75μg m^(−3).Across the Nanjing urban landscape,the east and southwest parts had high pollution ***:Although the empirical models seemed significant for spring only,one should not devalue the importance of green vegetation in other seasons because the regulations are often complicated by vegetation,me

关键词： PM_(2.5) green space Edge density Nanjing Pollution control Seasonal variation Nature-Based Solution(NBS)

An in-depth multi-technique characterization of rare earth carbonates-RE_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·2H_(2)O-owning tengerite-type structure

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第8期40卷 1281-1290页

作者： Luca Spiridigliozzi Mauro Bortolotti grazia Accardo Alessandro Vergara Domenico Frattini Claudio Ferone raffaele Cioffi gianfranco Dell'Agli Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Cassino and Southern LazioVia G.Di Biasio 4303043Cassino(FR)Italy Department of Industrial Engineering University of TrentoVia Sommarive 938123TrentoItaly Center of Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Research Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyHwarang-ro 14-gilSeongbuk-guSeoul136-791Republic of Korea Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies(CIC EnergigUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Alava Technology ParkCalle Albert Einstein 4801510Vitoria-GasteizSpain Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli“Federico II”Via Cintia80126NapoliItaly graduate School of Energy and Environment Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyGongneung-ro 232Nowon-guRepublic of Korea Department of Engineering University of Napoli“Parthenope”Centro DirezionaleIsola C480143Napoli(NA)Italy INSTM-National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology

The present study has been conducted to contribute,once and for all,filling the lack of structural information for the whole class of rare earth(RE)carbonates owning the tengerite-(Y)structure.A complete structural characterization,carried out by Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)data,was comparatively performed for the first time on several hydrated RE carbonates,having the general chemical formula RE_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·χH_(2)O,RE=Y,gd,Tb,Dy,Ho and *** samples share the same space group and lattice parameters similar to tengerite-(Y);the structures are also closely related,consisting in all cases of a three-dimensional framework of nine-fold coordinated RE atom polyhedral,linked together by carbonate *** addition to relatively minor changes in fractional coordinates of atom sites and corresponding interatomic distances,the only perceivable difference lies in the lattice parameters affected by the ionic radius of RE^(3+).However,in the case of Er,which has the lowest cationic radius among the analyzed RE,the stabilization of tengerite structure is at its limit condition,because the carbonate groups are heavily ***,FT-IR and Raman spectra confirm the main structural features obtained by Rietveld *** observed morphology of the various samples is almost the same,being characterized by the presence of bidimensional rod-like particles grouped in agglomerates,typical of tengerite crystals,thus indicating that the crystallization mechanism occurring during the hydrothermal synthesis is the same,irrespective of the involved RE cation.

关键词： Rare Earth carbonates Tengerite Structural refinement Hydrothermal treatment

Chronic pancreatitis: Maldigestion, intestinal ecology and intestinal inflammation

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1673-1676页

作者： raffaele Pezzilli Pancreas Unit Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital 940138 Bologna Italy

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency caused by chronic pancreatitis results from various factors which regulate digestion and absorption of nutrients. Pancreatic function has been extensively studied over the last 40 years, even if some aspects of secretion and gastrointestinal adaptation are not completely understood. The main clinical manifestations of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are fat malabsorption, known as steatorrhea, which consists of fecal excretion of more than 6 g of fat per day, weight loss, abdominal discomfort and abdominal swelling sensation. Fat malabsorption also results in a deficit of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) with consequent clinical manifestations. The relationships between pancreatic maldigestion, intestinal ecology and intestinal inflammation have not received particular attention, even ifin clinical practice these mechanisms may be responsible for the low efficacy of pancreatic extracts in abolishing steatorrhea in some patients. The best treatments for pancreatic maldigestion should be re-evaluated, taking into account not only the correction of pancreatic insufficiency using pancreatic extracts and the best duodenal pH to permit optimal efficacy of these extracts, but we also need to consider other therapeutic approaches including the decontamination ofintestinal lumen, supplementation of bile acids and, probably, the use of probiotics which may attenuate intestinal inflammation in chronic pancreatitis patients.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Exocrine pancreaticinsufficiency Leukocyte L1 antigen complex Pancreatic elastase Pancreatic extracts

Sorafenib and entecavir:The dioscuri of treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma?

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2013年第14期19卷 2141-2143页

作者： Salvatore D'Angelo Mario Secondulfo raffaele De Cristofano Paolo Sorrentino Liver Unit Clinical and Experimental HepatologyS.G.Moscati HospitalContrada Amoretta83100 AvellinoItaly

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is responsible for 50%-80% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) ***(ET) is a potent inhibitor of chronic HBV-DNA polymerase,inhibiting both the priming and elongation steps of viral DNA ***(SO) has proven efficacy in prolonging survival in patients with advanced *** this frontier report we discuss a possible way to optimize treatment outcomes in patients with HBV and HCC by treatment with ET and SO,on the basis of our practice and published evidence from the literature.

关键词： Entecavir Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis B virus Liver function Sorafenib

Precision medicine in gastric cancer

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第10期11卷 804-829页

作者： Patrizia Bonelli Antonella Borrelli Franca Maria Tuccillo Lucrezia Silvestro raffaele Palaia Franco Maria Buonaguro Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G PascaleNapoli 80131Italy Abdominal Medical Oncology Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G PascaleNapoli 80131Italy gastro-pancreatic Surgery Division Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G PascaleNapoli 80131Italy

gastric cancer(gC)is a complex disease linked to a series of environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits,and especially to genetic *** represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** onset is subtle,and the majority of patients are diagnosed once the cancer is already *** recent years,there have been innovations in the management of advanced gC including the introduction of new classifications based on its molecular *** to new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and microarray,the Cancer genome Atlas and Asian Cancer Research group classifications have also paved the way for precision medicine in gC,making it possible to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic *** the objectives of the subdivision of gC into subtypes is to select patients in whom molecular targeted drugs can achieve the best results;many lines of research have been initiated to this *** phase III clinical trials,trastuzumab,anti-Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2(commonly known as ERBB2)and ramucirumab,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(commonly known as VEgFR2)monoclonal antibodies,were approved and introduced into first-and second-line therapies for patients with advanced/metastatic ***,the heterogeneity of this neoplasia makes the practical application of such approaches ***,scientific progress has not been matched by progress in clinical practice in terms of significant improvements in *** continues to be low in contrast to the reduction in deaths from many common cancers such as colorectal,lung,breast,and prostate *** several target molecules have been identified on which targeted drugs can act and novel products have been introduced into experimental therapeutic protocols,the overall approach to treating advanced stage gC has not substantially ***,surgical resection with adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy and ch

关键词： gastric cancer Molecular characterization Biomarkers Precision medicine Targeted therapy