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Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications for speciation in allopatry

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 101-113页

作者： rachel L. MORAN Rebecca C. FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA

Selection against hybridization can cause mating traits to diverge between species in sympatry via reproductive character displacement （RCD）. Additionally, selection against interspecific fighting can cause aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric species via agonistic character displacement （ACD）. By directly affecting conspecific recognition traits, RCD and ACD between species can also incidentally cause divergence in mating and fighting traits among populations within a species [termed cascade RCD （CRCD） and cascade ACD]. Here, we demonstrate patterns consistent with male-driven RCD and ACD in 2 groups of darters （orangethroat darter clade Ceasia and rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum）. In both groups, males that occur in sympatry （between Ceasia and E. caeruleum） have higher levels of preference for mating and fighting with conspecifics over heterospecifics than do males from allopatry. This is consistent with RCD and ACD. We also found patterns consistent with CRCD and cascade ACD among species of Ceasia. Ceasia males that are sympatric to E. caeruleum （but allopatric to one another） also have heightened preferences for mat- ing and fighting with conspecific versus heterospecific Ceasia. In contrast, Ceasia males that are allopatric to E. caeruleum readily mate and fight with heterospecific Ceasia. We suggest that RCD and ACD between Ceasia and E. caeruleum has incidentally led to divergence in mating and fighting traits among Ceasia species. This study is unique in that male preferences evolve via both RCD （male preference for conspecific females） and ACD （male preference to fight conspecific males） which leads to subsequent divergence among allopatric lineages.

关键词： agonistic character displacement behavioral isolation cascade reinforcement reinforcement reproductive charac-ter displacement speciation.

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The role of retinoic acid in the commitment to meiosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 549-554页

作者： rachel L Gewiss M Christine Schleif Michael D Griswold School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Male meiosis is a complex process whereby spermatocytes undergo cell division to form haploid *** review focuses on the role of retinoic acid(RA)in meiosis,as well as several processes regulated by RA before cell entry into meiosis that are critical for proper meiotic entry and ***,we discuss RA metabolism in the testis as well as the roles of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8(STRA8)and MEIOSIN,which are responsive to RA and are critical for *** assert that transcriptional regulation in the spermatogonia is critical for successful meiosis.

关键词： meiosis retinoic acid spermatogenesis testis

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Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1457-1462页

作者： Hannah MMcCoy rachel Polcyn Naren LBanik Azizul Haque Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no *** and Drug Administration-approved ***,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in *** is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway ***-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in *** surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated *** here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following ***,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase *** combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following *** role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neu

关键词： cathepsin X ENOblock enolase glia mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase neurodegeneration neuroinflammation phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B Rho-associated protein kinase spinal cord injury

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The epididymal immune balance:a key to preserving male fertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 531-539页

作者： Allison Voisin Fabrice Saez Joel R Drevet rachel Guiton Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility GReD LaboratoryCNRS UMR 6293-INSERM U1103 University of Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand 63001France

Up to 15%of male in fertility has an immuno logical origi n,either due to repetitive infections or to autoimmune resp on ses mainly affecting the epididymis,prostate,and *** observations and epidemiological data clearly contradict the idea that the testis confers immune protection to the whole male genital *** a consequenee,the epididymis,in which posttesticular spermatozoa mature and are stored,has raised some in terest in recent years when it comes to its immune mecha *** deed,sperm cells are produced at puberty,long after the establishment of self-toleranee,and they possess unique surface proteins that cannot be recognized as *** are potential targets of the immune system,with the risk of inducing autoantibodies and consequently male *** immunity is based on a finely tuned equilibrium between efficient immune responses to pathogens and strong tolerance to sperm *** processes rely on incompletely described molecules and cell *** review compiles recent studies focusing on the immune cell types populating the epididymis,and proposes hypothetical models of the organization of epididymal immunity with a special emphasis on the immune response,while also discussing important aspects of the epididymal immune regulation such as tolerance and tumour control.

关键词： epididymis immune response lymphocytes mononuclear phagocytes toleranee

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Multiple reaction monitoring for the detection of disease-related synaptic proteins

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第23期9卷 2042-2043页

作者： rachel Yoon Kyung Chang Peter R.Dodd School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland

Synaptic dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and is acknowledged as a primary pathologic target for treatment. Synaptic degeneration is the pathological feature most strongly correlated with loss of cognitive function ante mortern （Terry et al., 1991）. Synapses are heavily damaged in hippocampal and neocortical regions of AD brain, whereas motor and occipital cortices are relatively spared （Honer et al., 1992）. Despite extensive work, the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic degeneration are largely unknown.

关键词： MRM Multiple reaction monitoring for the detection of disease-related synaptic proteins

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The rare Australian epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus weinthalii associates with a single species of Ceratobasidium

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 31-37页

作者： rachel Roseanne Graham John David William Dearnaley Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments The University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueensland 4350Australia

Sarcochilus weinthalii is a rare,epiphytic orchid largely restricted to the dry rainforests of eastern *** of the conservation procedures for the orchid includes isolation and identification of the associated mycorrhizal *** this study the mycorrhizal fungal partner of the species was determined through extraction and sequencing of DNA from both colonised orchid roots and pure fungal cultures grown out from orchid roots.A single species of Ceratobasidium predominated in the orchid suggesting that the orchid displays narrow fungal *** mycorrhizal fungus can now be used in conservation procedures involving ex situ growth and the reintroduction of plants to the natural state.

关键词： Sarcochilus weinthalii Epiphytic orchids Ceratobasidium Mycorrhizal specificity

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NINA

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城市漫步(GBA版) 2024年第6期 12页

作者： rachel Weiss

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MIGAS MERCADO

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城市漫步(GBA版) 2024年第6期 14页

作者： rachel Weiss

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The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2015年第7期13卷 481-497页

作者： rachel A.Ness Duane D.Miller Wei LI Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center

Vitamin D,also known as cholecalciferol,is the precursor to the active steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(calcitriol; 1,25(OH)2D3).The main physiological role for 1,25(OH)2D3 is to regulate calcium and inorganic phosphate homeostasis for bone *** recently,vitamin D has been investigated for its effects in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer,autoimmune disorders,and cardiovascular *** data strongly support a role for vitamin D in the prevention of cancer through its anti-proliferative,pro-apoptotic,and anti-angiogenic effects on *** and clinical studies have shown mixed data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and cancer *** report seeks to outline results from the most recent preclinical and clinical studies investigating the potential role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.

关键词： Vitamin D Calcitriol Cancer prevention Cancer prognosis Vitamin D deficiency

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BEIJING

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城市漫步(GBA版) 2024年第6期 8页

作者： rachel Weiss

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