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What Makes Homeowners Consider Protective Actions to Reduce Disaster Risk?An Application of the Precaution Adoption Process Model and Life Course Theory

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第3期12卷 312-325页

作者： Alexia Stock rachel A.Davidson Joseph E.Trainor rachel Slotter Linda K.Nozick Jamie B.Kruse Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19711USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA School of Public Policy and Administration University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Disaster Science and Management University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Economics East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA

We hypothesize that for disaster risk mitigation,many households,despite being aware of their risk and possible mitigation actions,never seriously consider doing anything about *** mitigation-focused decisions,since there is no equivalent to warning messages,the decision process is likely to evolve over an extended *** explore what activates hurricane mitigation protective action decisions through three research questions:(1)to what extent are homeowners unengaged in protective action decision making?(2)What homeowner characteristics are associated with lack of engagement?And(3)to what extent do different life events trigger engagement in the decision-making process?We use the Precaution Adoption Process Model to conceptualize engagement as distinct from decision making;the broader protective action decision-making literature to explore drivers of engagement;and Life Course Theory to examine potential transitions from unengaged to *** use survey data of homeowners in North Carolina to examine these questions *** suggest that one-third of respondents had never engaged in protective action decisions,that life experiences differ in their occurrence frequency and effect on households’mitigation decisions,and that some events,such as renovating,reroofing,or purchasing a home may offer critical moments that could be leveraged to encourage greater engagement in mitigation decision making.

关键词： Homeowners Hurricane damage Life course theory Mitigation decisions North Carolina Protective action

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Temperature-induced plasticity at cellular and organismal levels in the lizard Anolis carolinensis

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第3期5卷 208-217页

作者： rachel M.GOODMAN Tze P.HEAH Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA

Among ectotherms,individuals raised in cooler temperatures often have larger body size and/or larger cell *** current study tested whether geographic variation in cell size and plasticity for cell size exist in a terrestrial,ectothermic vertebrate,Anolis carolinensis Voigt,*** demonstrated temperature-induced plasticity in erythrocytes and epithelial cells of hatchlings lizards derived from the eggs of females sampled from four populations and incubated at multiple *** cells were produced in hatchlings from cooler treatments;however,hatchling body size was unaffected by ***,temperature-induced plasticity applies at the cellular,but not organismal,level in *** addition,reaction norms for cell size differed among *** was a latitudinal trend in cell size and in plasticity of cell size among our study *** two southernmost populations showed plasticity in cell size,whereas the two northernmost ones did *** suggest that selection pressure for larger cell size in northern,cooler environments has restricted plasticity in *** applied at the cellular level in response to variable incubation environments.

关键词： epithelium erythrocyte phenotypic plasticity reptile temperature

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Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications for speciation in allopatry

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 101-113页

作者： rachel L. MORAN Rebecca C. FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA

Selection against hybridization can cause mating traits to diverge between species in sympatry via reproductive character displacement （RCD）. Additionally, selection against interspecific fighting can cause aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric species via agonistic character displacement （ACD）. By directly affecting conspecific recognition traits, RCD and ACD between species can also incidentally cause divergence in mating and fighting traits among populations within a species [termed cascade RCD （CRCD） and cascade ACD]. Here, we demonstrate patterns consistent with male-driven RCD and ACD in 2 groups of darters （orangethroat darter clade Ceasia and rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum）. In both groups, males that occur in sympatry （between Ceasia and E. caeruleum） have higher levels of preference for mating and fighting with conspecifics over heterospecifics than do males from allopatry. This is consistent with RCD and ACD. We also found patterns consistent with CRCD and cascade ACD among species of Ceasia. Ceasia males that are sympatric to E. caeruleum （but allopatric to one another） also have heightened preferences for mat- ing and fighting with conspecific versus heterospecific Ceasia. In contrast, Ceasia males that are allopatric to E. caeruleum readily mate and fight with heterospecific Ceasia. We suggest that RCD and ACD between Ceasia and E. caeruleum has incidentally led to divergence in mating and fighting traits among Ceasia species. This study is unique in that male preferences evolve via both RCD （male preference for conspecific females） and ACD （male preference to fight conspecific males） which leads to subsequent divergence among allopatric lineages.

关键词： agonistic character displacement behavioral isolation cascade reinforcement reinforcement reproductive charac-ter displacement speciation.

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The role of retinoic acid in the commitment to meiosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 549-554页

作者： rachel L Gewiss M Christine Schleif Michael D Griswold School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Male meiosis is a complex process whereby spermatocytes undergo cell division to form haploid *** review focuses on the role of retinoic acid(RA)in meiosis,as well as several processes regulated by RA before cell entry into meiosis that are critical for proper meiotic entry and ***,we discuss RA metabolism in the testis as well as the roles of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8(STRA8)and MEIOSIN,which are responsive to RA and are critical for *** assert that transcriptional regulation in the spermatogonia is critical for successful meiosis.

关键词： meiosis retinoic acid spermatogenesis testis

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Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1457-1462页

作者： Hannah MMcCoy rachel Polcyn Naren LBanik Azizul Haque Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no *** and Drug Administration-approved ***,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in *** is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway ***-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in *** surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated *** here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following ***,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase *** combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following *** role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neu

关键词： cathepsin X ENOblock enolase glia mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase neurodegeneration neuroinflammation phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B Rho-associated protein kinase spinal cord injury

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The epididymal immune balance:a key to preserving male fertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 531-539页

作者： Allison Voisin Fabrice Saez Joel R Drevet rachel Guiton Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility GReD LaboratoryCNRS UMR 6293-INSERM U1103 University of Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand 63001France

Up to 15%of male in fertility has an immuno logical origi n,either due to repetitive infections or to autoimmune resp on ses mainly affecting the epididymis,prostate,and *** observations and epidemiological data clearly contradict the idea that the testis confers immune protection to the whole male genital *** a consequenee,the epididymis,in which posttesticular spermatozoa mature and are stored,has raised some in terest in recent years when it comes to its immune mecha *** deed,sperm cells are produced at puberty,long after the establishment of self-toleranee,and they possess unique surface proteins that cannot be recognized as *** are potential targets of the immune system,with the risk of inducing autoantibodies and consequently male *** immunity is based on a finely tuned equilibrium between efficient immune responses to pathogens and strong tolerance to sperm *** processes rely on incompletely described molecules and cell *** review compiles recent studies focusing on the immune cell types populating the epididymis,and proposes hypothetical models of the organization of epididymal immunity with a special emphasis on the immune response,while also discussing important aspects of the epididymal immune regulation such as tolerance and tumour control.

关键词： epididymis immune response lymphocytes mononuclear phagocytes toleranee

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The rare Australian epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus weinthalii associates with a single species of Ceratobasidium

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 31-37页

作者： rachel Roseanne Graham John David William Dearnaley Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments The University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueensland 4350Australia

Sarcochilus weinthalii is a rare,epiphytic orchid largely restricted to the dry rainforests of eastern *** of the conservation procedures for the orchid includes isolation and identification of the associated mycorrhizal *** this study the mycorrhizal fungal partner of the species was determined through extraction and sequencing of DNA from both colonised orchid roots and pure fungal cultures grown out from orchid roots.A single species of Ceratobasidium predominated in the orchid suggesting that the orchid displays narrow fungal *** mycorrhizal fungus can now be used in conservation procedures involving ex situ growth and the reintroduction of plants to the natural state.

关键词： Sarcochilus weinthalii Epiphytic orchids Ceratobasidium Mycorrhizal specificity

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Going global Management of colour-measuring instrumentation is the key to successful colour management

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涂料工业 2007年第B7期37卷 53-55页

作者： Peter rachel Sales Director Central Europe at X-Rite Incorporated

It is no secret in the industry that even the best spectrophotometers exhibit colour drift with *** solutions are now available that can eliminate this drift and also use different manufacturers' drivers to calibrate literally all of the instruments involved in the colour *** makes colour communications more accurate and more effective.

关键词：计量仪表分光光度计色彩涂料质量分析

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Exploring the potential impact of nutritionally actionable genetic polymorphisms on idiopathic male infertility:a review of current evidence

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第5期23卷 441-449页

作者： Sinda Mahbouli Charlotte Dupont Yaelle Elfassy Eric Lameignere rachel Levy FabLife 104 Avenue Albert lerRueil-Malmaison 92500France Sorbonne University Saint Antoine Research CentreINSERM Genetic and Acquired Lipodystrophies TeamReproductive Biology and CECOSAP-HPTenon HospitalParis F-75020France Reproductive Biology and CECOS AP-HPTenon HospitalParis F-75020France

Infertility affects about 15%of the world's *** 40%-50%of infertile couples,a male factor underlies the problem,but in about 50%of these cases,the etiology of male infertility remains *** clinical data show that lifestyle interventions may contribute to male reproductive *** of unhealthy habits is suggested for preserving male fertility;there is growing evidence that most preexisting comorbidities,such as obesity and metabolic syndrome,are highly likely to have an impact on male *** analysis of genetic polymorphisms implicated in metabolic activity represents one of the most exciting areas in the study of genetic causes of male *** these polymorphisms are not directly connected with male infertility,they may have a role in specific conditions associated with it,that is,metabolic disorders and oxidative stress pathway genes that are potentially associated with an increased risk of male infertility due to DNA and cell membrane *** studies have examined the impact of individual genetic differences and gene-diet interactions on male infertility,but their results have not been *** review the current research to identify genetic variants that could be tested to improve the chances of conceiving spontaneously through personalized diet and/or oral vitamin and mineral supplementation,by examining the science of genetic modifiers of dietary factors that affect nutritional status and male fertility.

关键词： energy metabolism genetic polymorphisms idiopathic male infertility lifestyle factors nutrition oxidative stress semen quality

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The Origin of Modern East Asians

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人类学学报 2013年第4期32卷 377-398页

作者： Milford H Wolpoff rachel Caspari Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA T Department Sociology Anthropology and Social Work Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant M148859 USA

With the development of paleogenetics in the past decade, it has become evident that modern humans do not have a phylogenetic origin in the appearance of a new species Homo sapiens; therefore, anatomical, behavioral and genetic aspects of modernity are not the consequence of the same, single event. In this paper, we examine the evidence for anatomical, behavioral and genetic modernity in East Asia. In each case, modernity can be understood as part of a multiregional evolutionary process, rather than as an entity. Although these three aspects of modernity are somewhat independent, each evolving at different times, they are linked through demographic changes that began in the late Pleistocene - increased survivorship and population expansions that changed the course of human evolution.

关键词：人口变化社会学化石遗传学进化过程

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