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Incorporating novelty and novel ecosystems into restoration planning and practice in the 21st century

作者： rachel Plotnick.

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 175-182页

作者： Michael P Perring rachel J Standish Richard J Hobbs Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group School of Plant BiologyThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

Novelty pervades the *** some cases,potentially irreversible abiotic and/or biotic changes have led to the crossing of thresholds and thus the formation of“novel ecosystems.”Their widespread emergence(particularly on land)and the presence of continued environmental change challenge a traditional restoration goal of restoring an historical ***,we argue that restoration could broaden its frame of reference to consider how novel ecosystems might be used to maintain global biodiversity and provide ecosystem services and,in doing so,save potentially wasted efforts in attempting to fulfil traditional *** we explore this contention in more depth by addressing:Are novel ecosystems innovative planning or lowering the bar?We show that novel ecosystems were not innovative planning in their original *** the contrary,they were recognized as ecosystems that were recalcitrant to traditional restoration approaches,coupled with an awareness that they had arisen inadvertently through deliberate human activity,either on-or *** recalcitrance to traditional restoration suggests that alternative goals may exist for these ecosystems using sometimes innovative *** management may include biodiversity conservation or restoration for ecological *** elucidate the latter aspect with reference to an experiment in the wheatbelt of Western Australia—The Ridgefield Multiple Ecosystem Services Experiment—the design of which has been informed by ecological theory and the acceptance of novelty as an ecosystem *** novel ecosystems do provide opportunities to broaden restoration planning and practice,and ultimately maintain and conserve global biodiversity in this era of environmental change,they necessarily“lower the bar”in restoration if the bar is considered to be the historical ***,in these times of flux,such a bar is increasingly ***,careful and appropriate interventions are required

关键词： No-analogue ecosystem Biodiversity conservation Ecosystem function Ecological restoration Restoration baseline Ridgefield multiple ecosystem services experiment York gum woodland

Effect of Niobium on Transformations From Austenite to Ferrite in Low Carbon Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 208-212页

作者： Parker Sally Rose Andrew West Geoff Thomson rachel Steel Metallurgy Department Tata Steel RD and TSwinden Technology CentreRotherhamS60 3ARUK Department of Materials Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK

Niobium has an important effect on the transformation behaviour,grain size refinement and precipitation strengthening during hot rolling and subsequent cooling in low carbon steels,with even a low content of niobium having a strong effect on the transformation rate from austenite to ***,the effects of niobium on transformation behaviour have not been fully characterised and understood to *** paper examines in detail austenite grain growth as a function of austenitisation time in high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels with three different niobium contents,together with the effect of niobium on the isothermal transformation kinetics from austenite to ferrite as a function of *** is shown that austenite has the slowest grain growth rate in the steel with the highest niobium *** austenite grain sizes are consistent,the steel with the highest niobium content was found to have the slowest transformation rate from austenite to ferrite.

关键词： niobium transformation kinetics austenite grain growth low carbon steels

Optimal expression of Hh1-like response requires IL-4 at early stage of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 1999年第5期 85-86页

作者： rachel R CASPI Bethesda Laboratory of Immunology MD 20892 USA National Eye Institute National Institutes of Health

IL-4 is a Th2-type cytokine which plays a major role in determining the Tho-type cell differentiation towards Th2-type

关键词： EAU IRBP IL

Robust Machine Learning Mapping of sEMG Signals to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Ali Nasr Sydney Bell rachel L.Whittaker Clark R.Dickerson John McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine learning model for regression of interrupted Surface Electromyography(sEMG)signals to future control-oriented signals(e.g.,robot’s joint angle and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-level myoelectric-based hierarchical control is proposed.A Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)was trained using output data,initially obtained from offline optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the RNN consisted of interrupted sEMG signals(to mimic signal disconnections)and previous kinematic signals of the assistive *** RNN with a 0.1-s prediction horizon could predict the control-oriented joint angle and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectively,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control-oriented signals instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simulation of a multibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signals significantly improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal *** Robust Predictive Control-oriented Machine Learning(Robust-MuscleNET)model can support volitional high-level myoelectric-based control of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskeletons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work should study the application to prosthesis control as well as the repeatability of the high-level controller with electrode *** low-level hierarchical controller that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination should also be studied.

关键词： Myoelectric-based control-Surface electromyography Machine learning Multibody system dynamics Exoskeleton Bionic

SARS-COV-2 outbreak and control in Kenya - Mathematical model analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 370-380页

作者： rachel Waema Mbogo Titus Okello Orwa Institute of Mathematical Sciences Strathmore UniversityBox ***NairobiKenya

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic reached Kenya in March 2020 with the initial cases reported in the capital city Nairobi and in the coastal area *** reported by the World Health Organization,the outbreak of COVID-19 has spread across the world,killed many,collapsed economies and changed the way people live since it was first reported inWuhan,China,in the end of *** at the end of December 2020,it had led to over 2.8 million confirmed cases in Africa with over 67 thousand *** trend poses a huge threat to global public *** the early transmission dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new *** employed a SEIHCRD mathematical transmission model with reported Kenyan data on cases of COVID-19 to estimate how transmission varies over *** model is concise in structure,and successfully captures the course of the COVID-19 outbreak,and thus sheds light on understanding the trends of the *** next generation matrix approach was adopted to calculate the basic reproduction number(R_(0))from the model to assess the factors driving the *** model illustrates the effect of mass testing on COVID-19 as well as individual self initiated behavioral *** results have significant impact on the management of COVID-19 and implementation of prevention *** results from the model analysis shows that aggressive and effective mass testing as well as individual self initiated behaviour change play a big role in getting rid of the COVID-19 epidemic otherwise the rate of infection will continue to increase despite the increased rate of recovery.

关键词： COVID-19 SEIHCRD-Model Social distancing Mass testing Compartmental model Basic reproduction number Simulations

Impact of exciton fine structure on the energy transfer in magicsized(CdSe)13 clusters

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Nano Research 2024年第12期17卷 10669-10676页

作者： Jan Bieniek Woonhyuk Baek Severin Lorenz Franziska Muckel rachel Fainblat Taeghwan Hyeon Gerd Bacher Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE University of Duisburg-EssenBismarckstr.81Duisburg 47057Germany School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Seoul 151-742Republic of Korea Department of Semiconductor Science&Technology Baekje-daeroDeokjin-guJeonju-siJeonbuk State 54896Republic of Korea Electroenergetic Functional Materials(EEFM)&CENIDE University Duisburg-EssenDuisburg 47057Germany

Magic-sized(CdSe)13 clusters(MSCs)represent a material class at the boundary between molecules and quantum dots that exhibit a pronounced and well separated excitonic fine *** characteristic photoluminescence is composed of exciton bandgap emission and a spectrally broad mid-gap emission related to surface ***,we report on a thermally activated energy transfer from fine-structure split exciton states to surface states by using temperature dependent photoluminescence excitation *** demonstrate that the broad mid-gap emission can be suppressed by a targeted Mn-doping of the MSC leading to the characteristic orange luminescence of the^(4)T_(1)→^(6)A_(1)Mn^(2+)*** energy transfer to the Mn^(2+)states is found to be significantly different than the transfer to the surface defect states,as the activation of the dopant emission requires a spin-conserving charge carrier transfer that only dark excitons can provide.

关键词： magic-sized cluster Mn-doping excitonic fine structure surface defects energy transfer

Transition to school for children with autism spectrum disorder:A systematic review

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第3期7卷 184-196页

作者： Annabel Marsh Vanessa Spagnol rachel Grove Valsamma Eapen School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry South West Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpool Hospital Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC)

AIM To identify factors that promote a positive start to school for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).METHODS Web of Science,MEDLINE,Scopus,and Psych INFO searches were conducted to identify literature published after 1991 and relevant to school transition processes in children with *** studies were deemed eligible for *** studies evaluated a range of factors including school readiness,parent and teacher perspectives on transition practices,characteristics of children with ASD that are associated with successful transition to school and the impact of school based intervention *** A review of these studies showed that children with ASD are less school ready emotionally than their peers and those children with ASD appear to have more externalising behaviours and self-regulation difficulties that affect their school engagement and their relationships with their *** was a paucity of research looking at interventions targeting school ***,school-based behavioural interventions appear to improve cognitive,language and daily living skills,but have less impact on socialisation and peer *** Children with ASD face more challenges transitioning to school,particularly with social *** development and implementation of specific schoolbased interventions is needed in order to assist children with autism to maximise their success in starting school.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder School transition School readiness School preparation School based intervention

Effectiveness of overuse injury prevention programs on upper extremity performance in overhead youth athletes:A systematic review

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 91-100页

作者： rachel Y.Lau Swarup Mukherjee Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group National Institute of EducationNanyang Technological University Singapore1 Nanyang Walk637616Singapore

Several targeted upper extremity injury prevention programs have been developed to mitigate the risk of upper extremity overuse injuries among youth athletes in overhead sports;however,their effectiveness on performance outcome measures has not been *** systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of existing upper extremity injury prevention programs that focused on modifying intrinsic risk factors,and performance outcome measures in overhead youth *** secondary aim was to identify the training components of these ***,Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro),SPORTDiscus(via EBSCOhost),and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to November 2020 for studies that implemented training programs or exercises for upper extremity injury prevention among youth athletes in overhead throwing or striking *** updated search was conducted from December 2020 to October 2022.A program was deemed effective for a performance outcome measure if significant improvements were observed in the intervention group as compared to the control *** the 1394 studies identified,five studies met the inclusion *** effectiveness of the injury prevention programs on the identified performance outcome measures of strength,mobility,and sport-specific measures were 30.4%,28.6%,and 22.2%,*** training components targeted were strength,mobility,and *** was the most common training component and was also the most widely investigated performance outcome ***,current upper extremity injury prevention programs seem effective at improving performance outcome measures of strength,mobility,and sport-specific outcomes with training components of strength,mobility and *** protocols are required for the measurement and reporting of performance outcomes measures,and the reporting of training components.

关键词： Youth sports Overhead athlete Overuse injury Injury prevention Shoulder Elbow

Modeling diseases of noncoding unstable repeat expansions using mutant pluripotent stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第5期7卷 823-838页

作者： Shira Yanovsky-Dagan Hagar Mor-Shaked rachel Eiges Stem Cell Research Laboratory Medical Genetics Institute Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine

Pathogenic mutations involving DNA repeat expansions are responsible for over 20 different neuronal and neuromuscular diseases. All result from expanded tracts of repetitive DNA sequences(mostly microsatellites) that become unstable beyond a critical length whentransmitted across generations. Nearly all are inherited as autosomal dominant conditions and are typically associated with anticipation. Pathologic unstable repeat expansions can be classified according to their length, repeat sequence, gene location and underlying pathologic mechanisms. This review summarizes the current contribution of mutant pluripotent stem cells(diseased human embryonic stem cells and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells) to the research of unstable repeat pathologies by focusing on particularly large unstable noncoding expansions. Among this class of disorders are Fragile X syndrome and Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2, Friedreich ataxia and C9 related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia, Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy and potentially more. Common features that are typical to this subclass of conditions are RNA toxic gain-of-function, epigenetic loss-of-function, toxic repeat-associated non-ATG translation and somatic instability. For each mechanism we summarize the currently available stem cell based models, highlight how they contributed to better understanding of the related mechanism, and discuss how they may be utilized in future investigations.

关键词： Unstable repeat associated disorders Human embryonic stem cells Patient-derived inducedpluripotent stem cells Disease modeling Epigenetics repeat-associated non-ATG translation RNA toxicity Repeat somatic instability