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The role of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)in reducing pollution of the Arctic and around the globe

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Environmental science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 48-58页

作者： Lars-Otto Reiersen Katrin Vorkamp roland Kallenborn Arctic Knowledge Ltd Former Executive SecretaryArctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)OsloNorway Department of Environmental science Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem(IJRC-AEE) Polar Academy(PA)Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinPR China Faculty of Chemistry Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)ÅsNorway University of the Arctic(UArctic) RovaniemiFinland

This article presents the initiation and implementation of a systematic scientific and political cooperation in the Arctic related to environmental pollution and climate change,with a special focus on the role of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP).The AMAP initiative has coordinated monitoring and assessments of environmental pollution across countries and parameters for the entire Arctic *** from a first scientific assessment in 1998,AMAP's work has been fundamental in recognizing,understanding and addressing environmental and human health issues in the Arctic,including those of persistent organic pollutants(POPs),mercury,radioactivity,oil,acidification and climate *** scientific results have contributed at local and international levels to define and take measures towards reducing the pollution not only in the Arctic,but of the whole globe,especially the contaminant exposure of indigenous and local communities with a traditional *** results related to climate change have documented the rapid changes in the Arctic and the strong feedback between the Arctic and the rest of the *** lessons learned from the work in the Arctic can be beneficial for other regions where contaminants may accumulate and affect local and indigenous peoples living in a traditional way,*** the *** cooperation is indispensable in reducing the longrange transported pollution in the Arctic.

关键词： Climate change Heavy metals Human health Indigenous peoples Persistent organic pollutants Radioactivity

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Diagnostic accuracy of MRI and PET/CT for neck staging prior to salvage total laryngectomy

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： Jonas Galli roland Giger Olgun Elicin Martin Wartenberg Lukas Anschuetz Lluís Nisa Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryInselspitalBern University Hospitaland University of BernBern 3010Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology InselspitalBern University Hospitaland University of BernBern 3010Switzerland Institute of Pathology University of BernBern 3008Switzerland

Aim:Lymph node(LN)metastases are associated with poor outcomes in patients with recurrent larynx squamous cell carcinoma(LsCC).Neck dissection(ND)is therefore commonly performed along with salvage total laryngectomy(sTL).Here,we assess the rate of occult LN metastases and the diagnostic value of MRI and PET/CT for detecting them in recurrent ***:This retrospective study included patients with recurrent LsCC after primary(chemo)radiotherapy[(C)RT]who were re-staged by MRI and/or PET/CT and treated with sTL and ND between 2004 and *** histopathology of ND samples was used as the reference ***:Forty-one patients were *** prevalence of occult metastases in MRI-negative and PET/CT-negative neck nodes was between 3.2%and 6.1%.Negative predictive values of neck node re-staging were 93.9%for MRI,96.8%for PET/CT,and 96.2%for MRI and PET/CT ***:Both MRI and PET/CT afforded good negative predictive values for nodal staging in patients with recurrent LsCC after(C)RT prior to *** selected patients,these radiological modalities,particularly PET/CT,could help to avoid unnecessary surgery to the neck and its associated morbidity.

关键词： Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma recurrence salvage total laryngectomy re-staging neck dissection MRI PET/CT occult nodal metastasis

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Curve Trajectory Model for Human Preferred Path Planning of Automated Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 59-70页

作者： Gergo Ferenc Igneczi Erno Horvath roland Toth Krisztian Nyilas Vehicle Research Center Szechenyi Istvan UniversityEgyetem ter 1Gyor 9026Hungary Institute for Computer science and Control Kende str.13-17.Budapest 1111Hungary Robert Bosch Kft Gyomroi str.104-120Budapest 1103Hungary

Automated driving systems are often used for lane keeping *** these systems,a local path is planned ahead of the ***,these paths are often found unnatural by human *** response to this,this paper proposes a linear driver model,which can calculate node points reflective of human driver preferences and based on these node points a human driver preferred motion path can be designed for autonomous *** model input is the road curvature,effectively harnessed through a self-developed Euler-curve-based curve fitting algorithm.A comprehensive case study is undertaken to empirically validate the efficacy of the proposed model,demonstrating its capacity to emulate the average behavioral pat-terns observed in human curve path *** analyses further underscore the model's robustness,affirming the authenticity of the established *** paradigm shift in trajectory planning holds promising implications for the seamless integration of autonomous driving systems with human driving preferences.

关键词： Naturalistic driving Identification Driver models Path planning

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Process Design for Hybrid sheet Metal Components

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1518-1524页

作者： Rico Haase roland Müller Dirk Landgrebe Peter scholz Matthias Riemer Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU

The global trends towards improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO;emissions are the key drivers for lightweight solutions. In sheet metal processing, this can be achieved by the use of materials with a supreme strength-toweight and stiffness-to-weight ratio. Besides monolithic materials such as high-strength or light metals, in particular metal–plastic composite sheets are able to provide outstanding mechanical properties. Thus, the adaption of conventional, wellestablished forming methods for the processing of hybrid sheet metals is a current challenge for the sheet metal working industry. In this work, the planning phase for a conventional sheet metal forming process is studied aiming at the forming of metal–plastic composite sheets. The single process steps like material characterization, FE analysis, tool design and development of robust process parameters are studied in detail and adapted to the specific properties of metal–plastic composites. In material characterization, the model of the hybrid laminate needs to represent not only the mechanical properties of the individual combined materials, but also needs to reflect the behaviour of the interface zone between *** on experience, there is a strong dependency on temperature as well as strain rate. While monolithic materials show a moderate anisotropic behaviour, loads on laminates in different directions generate different strain states and completely different failure modes. During the FE analysis, thermo-mechanic and thermo-dynamic effects influence the temperature distribution within tool and work pieces and subsequently the forming behaviour. During try out and production phase,those additional influencing factors are limiting the process window even more and therefore need to be considered for the design of a robust forming process. A roadmap for sheet metal forming adjusted to metal–plastic composites is presented in this paper.

关键词： Characterization Hybrids Interface Layered structures Processing sheet forming

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The Austrian Botanic Gardens Work Group,an Example of Active Networking to Promote small Botanic Gardens

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 75-79页

作者： roland K.EBERWEIN Regional Museum of Carinthia Carinthian Botanic CenterKlagenfurt/Woerthersee

The continuously increasing demands on botanic gardens during the last few decades have led to a huge in increase administration and an urgent need for additional specialized personnel,especially botanists,teachers,database specialists and administrative *** of meeting these requirements,many botanic gardens are faceing a severe decrease in funding and *** gardens provide the opportunity to distribute several tasks to different employees,whereas small gardens are short staffed and often run by a single curator who has to fulfill all *** order to meet actual demands more easily,the Austrian botanic gardens are linked nationally via an active *** network not only allows the distribution of information but also facilitates the sharing of duties.A listserver speeds up the communication and correspondence within the workgroup,collection priorities and projects(e.g.,GsPC) are coordinated,seedbanking becomes decentralized,printed matters are shared and distributed,*** gardens with only few employees can participate in projects by taking on small-ideally using with their special resources-in order not to fall *** addition,there is also an urgent need for international networking by means of plant and seed exchange(Index seminum),BGCI membership,discussion groups,personal contacts and *** statements,special marketing strategies for public relations,integrating projects of other workgroup members and adapted public awareness programs are important to focus attention to small gardens and to help them keep alive.

关键词： Active networking small botanic gardens Implementing of standards Task sharing Mission statement

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Dioxin sources to the aquatic environment: Re-assessing dioxins in industrial processes and possible emissions to the aquatic

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 52-62页

作者： Katsuya Kawamoto roland Weber school of Environmental and Life science Okayama University3-1-1 Tsushima-nakaOkayama700-8530Japan POPs Environmental Consulting Lindenfirststraße 2373527Schwabisch GmündGermany

Releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDFs)from industrial or thermal processes to the aquatic environment are considered small compared to emissions to air ***,industrial processes have occasionally released PCDD/PCDFs into local aquatic environments..PCDD/PCDF formation and releases were re-examined based on investigations conducted before the introduction of water quality regulations in *** was given to PCDD/PCDF formation in various industrial processes such as the manufacture of acetylene and *** acetylene production,PCDD/PCDFs are formed in the oxidative process using chlorine to remove impurities,with PCDFs formed with the particular chlorine pattern with 1,2,7,8-TetraCDF,2,3,7,8-TetraCDFs and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HexaCDF as maker congeners and low PCDDs *** indicates that acetylene production residues contain *** caprolactam production,formation of PCDD/PCDFs in the cyclohexane photonitrosation process has been confirmed and the emission factor for PCDD/PCDF releases to water from for caprolactam manufacture was estimated with an emission factor for releases to the aquatic environment of 0.25±0.04 mgTEQ/t.A range of additional processes with PCDD/PCDF release were also found during the Japanese ***,the formation processes were placed in two categories:(A)chemical synthesis processes and (B)flue gas treatment of high temperature *** final effluent water met the PCDD/PCDF limits by applying advanced treatment for PCDD/PCDF removal such as activated carbon *** survey shows that industrial processes involving elemental chlorine or other processes that facilitate chlorination or use chlorinating chemicals should be assessed and controlled for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs releases to *** such surveys,chemicals from the chlorine and organochlorine industry should also be assessed for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs contamination as pr

关键词： PCDD/PCDF Water pollution Industrial sources Acetylene manufacturing Caprolactam manufacturing Pattern Unintentional POPs

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Disposal of waste-based fuels and raw materials in cement plants in Germany and switzerland e What can be learned for global coincineration practice and policy?

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 93-102页

作者： Josef Waltisberg roland Weber Waltisberg Consulting 5113HolderbankSwitzerland POPs Environmental Consulting 73527Schw€abisch GmündGermany

The limit value for emissions of total organic carbon(TOC)for incinerators in the European Union(EU)is 10 mg/***,clinker burning is a material conversion process during which TOC emissions from the fuels occur concurrently with the thermal decomposition of organic material from the raw material mixture(limestone,marl,shale,etc.)in the preheater,which alone can emit more than 10 mg/***,the German legislature has created an exemption that allows authorities to set higher limit values for cement kilns if the cause of the higher emissions is the natural raw material mixture and not the co-incinerated *** the effects requires a test to determine the baseline emission of the natural raw material or waste raw *** until now,these tests were only used internally by *** applying such tests,the emissions from the fuels,particularly from waste-based fuels,can be determined,restricted and *** emissions from natural materials cannot be *** switzerland and Germany these emissions are on average around 20e35 mg/*** has recently set a high TOC limit value of 80 mg/m3 for cement kilns,independent of the source of organic emissions,and even allows the use of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB)contaminated soils as raw material(up to 10 mg/kg).This limit is too high and can result in unnecessary emissions of carcinogenic benzene,PCBs and other *** the natural raw materials and waste raw materials emit organic ***,there is one major *** natural raw materials emit mostly aliphatic compounds at temperatures up to about 600C,whereas the organic compounds originating from waste-based raw material components can include hazardous pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs),which desorb in the preheater and are released into the ***,waste raw materials such as soils contaminated with POPs or other semivolatile toxic chemical

关键词： Cement kiln Co-incineration Organic emissions PCDD/PCDF HCB Regulation Expulsion test

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Parametric instability of a liquid metal sessile drop under the action of low-frequency alternating magnetic fields

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第2期25卷 300-308页

作者：雷作胜郭加宏 FAUTRELLE Yves ERNsT roland ETAY Jacqueline 任忠鸣 shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy and Materials Processing Shanghai University sIMAP-EPM Laboratory Grenoble Institute of Technology/CNRS UMR 5266 France shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University sIMAP-EPM Laboratory Grenoble Institute of Technology/CNRS UMR 5266France

A 2-D mathematical model is developed in order to simulate a parametric electromagnetic instability oscillation process of a liquid metal droplet under the action of low frequency magnetic field. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian （ALE） method and weak form constraint boundary condition are introduced in this model for implementation of the surface tension and electromagnetic force on liquid droplet free surface. The results of the numerical calculations indicate the appearance of various regimes of oscillation. It is found that according to the magnetic field frequency various types of oscillation modes may be found. The oscillation is originated from an instability phenomenon. The stability diagram of liquid metal droplet in the parameter space of magnetic frequency and magnetic flux density is determined numerically. The diagram is very similar to that found in the so-called parametric instability.

关键词： sessile drop parametric instability low-frequency alternating magnetic fields numerical simulation

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Experimental setup for the Investigation of Reproducibility of Novel Tool Changing systems in Nanofabrication Machines

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 181-189页

作者： Florian Weigert Roman Hebenstreit roland FuBl Rene Theska Institute for Design and Precision Engineering Precision Engineering GroupTechnische Universitat IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz.298693 IlmenauGermany Institute for Process Measurement and sensor Technology Technische Universitat IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Str.198693 IlmenauGermany

Nanomeasuring machines developed at the Technische Universitat Ilmenau enable three-dimensional measurements and manufacturing processes with the lowest *** to the requirements for these processes,a highly reproducible and long-term stable tool changing system is *** this purpose,kinematically determined couplings are widely *** state-of-the-art investigations on those are not sufficient for the highest demands on the reproducibility required for this application.A theoretical determination of the reproducibility based on analytical or numerical methods is possible,however not in the desired nanometer *** to this,a measurement setup for the determination of the reproducibility in five degrees of freedom with nanometer uncertainty was ***,potential measuring devices are systematically examined and measurement principles were developed out of this.A three-dimensional vector-based uncertainty analysis is performed to prove the feasibility of the measurement principle and provides a basis for further *** a result,a transla-tory measurement uncertainty of 10 nm and a rotatory uncertainty of 11 nrad can be ***,the measurement setup is designed,focusing on the metrological frame and the lift-off *** developed setup exceeds the uncertainties of the measurement setups presented in the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude,allowing new in-depth investigations of the reproducibility of kinematic couplings.

关键词： Tool changing Kinematic coupling Measurement setup Uncertainty analysis Precision design

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Co-developing an international TLs network for the 3D ecological understanding of global trees:system architecture,remote sensing models,and functional prospects

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Environmental science and Ecotechnology 2023年第4期16卷 38-51页

作者： Yi Lin sagi Filin roland Billen Nobuya Mizoue school of Earth and space sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa IL32000Israel Department of Geography University of LiegeLiege4000Belgium Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan

Trees are spread worldwide,as the watchmen that experience the intricate ecological effects caused by various environmental *** order to better understand such effects,it is preferential to achieve finely and fully mapped global trees and their *** this task,aerial and satellite-based remote sensing(Rs)methods have been ***,a critical branch regarding the apparent forms of trees has significantly fallen behind due to the technical deficiency found within their globalscale surveying ***,terrestrial laser scanning(TLs),a state-of-the-art Rs technology,is useful for the in situ three-dimensional(3D)mapping of trees and their ***,we proposed co-developing an international TLs network as a macroscale ecotechnology to increase the 3D ecological understanding of global ***,we generated the system architecture and tested the available Rs models to deepen its ground ***,we verified the ecotechnology regarding the identification of its theoretical feasibility,a review of its technical preparations,and a case testification based on a prototype we ***,we conducted its functional prospects by previewing its scientific and technical potentials and its functional ***,we summarized its technical and scientific challenges,which can be used as the cutting points to promote the improvement of this technology in future ***,with the implication of establishing a novel cornerstone-sense ecotechnology,the co-development of an international TLs network can revolutionize the 3D ecological understanding of global trees and create new fields of research from 3D global tree structural ecology to 3D macroecology.

关键词： Global trees Terrestrial laser scanning(TLs) International TLs network Three-dimensional(3D)ecotechnology 3D global tree structural ecology 3D macroecology

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