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An Event Horizon Imager(EHI) Mission Concept Utilizing Medium Earth Orbit Sub-mm Interferometry

空间科学学报 2021年第2期41卷 211-233页

作者： KUDRIASHOV V MARTIN-NEIRA M roelofs f fALCKE H BRINKERINK C BARYSHEV A HOGERHEIJDE M YOUNG A POURSHAGHAGHI H KLEIN-WOLT M MOSCIBRODZKA M DAVELAAR J BARAT I DUESMANN B VALENTA V PERDIGUES ARMENGOL J M DE WILDE D MARTIN IGLESIAS P ALAGHA N VAN DER VORST M Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP Radboud University NijmegenP.O.Box 90106500 GL Nijmegenthe Netherlands ESTEC/ESA Keplerlaan 12201 A2 Noordurigkthe Netherlands Mar Planck Institute for Radio Astrorny Auf dem Higel 69D-53121 Bon(Endenich)Germany University of Groningen Landleven 129747 AD Groningenthe Netherlands Leiden Observatory Leiden UniversityPO Box 95132300 RALeidenthe Netherlands Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute162 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY 10010USA

Submillimeter interferometry has the potential to image supermassive black holes on event horizon scales,providing tests of the theory of general relativity and increasing our understanding of black hole accretion *** Event Horizon Telescope(EHT) performs these observations from the ground,and its main imaging targets are Sagittarius A~* in the Galactic Center and the black hole at the center of the M87 ***,the EHT is fundamentally limited in its performance by atmospheric effects and sparse terrestrial(u,v)-coverage(fourier sampling of the image).The scientific interest in quantitative studies of the horizon size and shape of these black holes has motivated studies into using space interferometry which is free of these *** resolution considerations and interstellar scattering effects push the desired observing frequency to bands above 500 *** paper presents the requirements for meeting these science goals,describes the concept of interferometry from Polar or Equatorial Medium Earth Orbits(PECMEO) which we dub the Event Horizon Imager(EHI),and utilizes suitable space technology *** this concept,two or three satellites orbit at slightly different orbital radii,resulting in a dense and uniform spiral-shaped(u,v)-coverage over *** local oscillator signals are shared via an inter-satellite link,and the data streams are correlated on-board before final processing on the ***-satellite metrology and satellite positioning are extensively employed to facilitate the knowledge of the instrument position vector,and its time *** European space heritage usable for both the front ends and the antenna technology of such an instrument is *** and future sensors for the required inter-satellite metrology are *** performance estimates and simulation results are given.

关键词： Instrumentation Space VLBI Radio Telescopes

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Liquid metal thermal hydraulics R&D at European scale:achievements and prospects

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frontiers in Energy 2021年第4期15卷 842-853页

作者： ferry roelofs Antoine GERSCHENfELD Katrien Van TICHELEN Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group(NRG) Westerduinweg 31755 LEPettenThe Netherlands CEA DES UniversitéParis-SaclayF-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance SCK CEN Boeretang 2002400 MolBelgium

A significant role for a future nuclear carbonfree energy production is attributed to fast reactors,mostly employing a liquid metal as a *** paper summarizes the efforts that have been undertaken in collaborative projects sponsored by the European Commission in the past 20 years in the fields of liquid-metal heat transfer modeling,fuel assembly and core thermal hydraulics,pool and system thermal hydraulics,and establishment of best practice guidelines and verification,validation,and uncertainty quantification(UQ).The achievements in these fields will be presented along with the prospects on topics which will be studied collaboratively in Europe in the years to *** prospects include further development of heat transfer models for applied computational fluid dynamics(CfD),further analysis of the consequences of fuel assembly blockages on coolant flow and temperature,analysis of the thermal hydraulic effects in deformed fuel assemblies,extended validation of three-dimensional pool thermal hydraulic CfD models,and further development and validation of multi-scale system thermal hydraulic methods.

关键词： liquid metal thermal hydraulics Europe

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Disparities of conjugating protective enzyme activities in the colon of patients with adenomas and carcinomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第36期19卷 6020-6025页

作者： Harald P Hoensch Hennie MJ roelofs Lutz Edler Wilhelm Kirch Wilbert HM Peters Internal Medicine Marien Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Division of Biostatistics German Cancer Research Center Department of Clinical Pharmacology Technical University of Dresden

AIM:To investigate the metabolic enzymatic capacity of the colon mucosa to detoxify noxious carcinogenic ***:We investigated the activity of 2 conjugating enzymes-the microsomal uridine glucuronosyltransferase(UGT)and the cytosomal glutathione S-transferase(GST)in the uninvolved mucosa of the colon transversum and sigmoideum in patients with adenomatous polyps and colorectal *** were taken from the mucosa during colonoscopies which were done for clinical(diagnostic)*** storage,the biopsy material was homogenized and after differential centrifugation the enzyme assays were performed with 4-nitrophenol(UGT)and 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene(GST)as ***:About 48 patients were included of which28 had adenomas and 20 had colorectal carcinomas confirmed by *** activities were expressed as nmol/mg per minute protein for the GST and as pmol/mg per minute protein for the *** of variance(f-test)indicated that both enzymes were more widely distributed in adenoma than in cancer *** means±SD were smaller for cancer patients:GST for adenomas 268±152 vs 241±69 for carcinomas and UGT for adenomas 197±200 vs 150±86 for ***:Compared to patients with adenomatous colon polyps those with colorectal carcinoma exhibited a lower capacity of detoxifying enzyme metabolism and their activities clustered over a smaller range.

关键词： Glutathione S-transferase UDP-glucuronosyltransferase Detoxification Colon adenoma Colon carcinoma

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