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A semi-supervised hierarchical approach： two-dimensional clustering of microarray gene expression data

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2013年第2期7卷 204-213页

作者： r PrISCILLA S SWAMYNATHAN Department of Information and Science and Technology The College of Engineering Guindy Campus Anna UniversityIndia Chennai 600025

Micro array technologies have become a widespread research technique for biomedical researchers to assess tens of thousands of gene expression values simul- taneously in a single experiment. Micro array data analysis for biological discovery requires computational tools. In this research a novel two-dimensional hierarchical clustering is presented. From the review, it is evident that the previous research works have used clustering which have been ap- plied in gene expression data to create only one cluster for a gene that leads to biological complexity. This is mainly because of the nature of proteins and their interactions. Since proteins normally interact with different groups of proteins in Order to serve different biological roles, the genes that produce these proteins are therefore expected to co express with more than one group of genes. This constructs that in micro array gene expression data, a gene may makes its pres- ence in more than one cluster. In this research, multi-level micro array clustering, performed in two dimensions by the proposed two-dimensional hierarchical clustering technique can be used to represent the existence of genes in one or more clusters consistent with the nature of the gene and its attributes and prevent biological complexities.

关键词： clustering hierarchical clustering supervisedclustering overlapping clustering

Nutritive value of introduced bamboo species in the northwestern Himalayas, India

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Journal of Forestry research 2019年第6期30卷 2051-2060页

作者： D.r.Bhardwaj P.Sharma r.Bishist M.r.Navale r.Kaushal Dr.Y.S.Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan 173 230India ICAr-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation DehradunUttarakhandIndia

Bamboos are used extensively for a variety of purposes,and many new species have been introduced to the northwestern ***,their potential as a fodder species has not been *** bamboo species,namely Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gamble,Dendrocalamus asper(*** Schult.f.)Backer ex ***,Melocanna baccifera(roxb.)Kurz,Phyllostachys aurea rivie′re and ***′re,Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb and *** Phyllostachys pubescens(Pradelle)Mazel ex *** evaluated for their nutritional value,relative palatability and best lopping *** matter(DM),ether extract(EE),and crude fibre varied from(37.0-67.7)%,(4.7-7.6),and(22.1-37.9)%,*** of crude protein ranged from(12.2-17.1)%,total ash(TA)from(11.8-21.5)%,acid insoluble ash(AIA)from(0.3-0.5)%,nitrogen free extract from(31.1-40.8)%,carbohydrates from(57.0-69.0)%,organic matter(OM)from(78.5-88.2)%,calcium from(1.7-2.3)%,phosphorus from(0.4-0.8)%,potassium from,(0.9-1.6)%,magnesium from(0.5-0.9)%,sodium from(603.7-1072.7)×10^-6 and vitamin A from(21.1-30.5)×10^-2 mg/g,*** had maximum values for DM,EE,TA and *** and vitamin A were highest in *** and carbohydrates were maximized in *** and CP in *** the values obtained for different bamboo species were less than maximum tolerable concentration of common feed resources of the region thereby indicating their suitability for nutrition and *** contents of anti-nutritional factors,namely hydrocyanic acid and tannin ranged from(33.8-61.7)×10^-2 mg/g and(0.7-1.9)%,*** was the best species from a palatability point of view and has maximum crude protein content(17.2%),Ca(2.3%)and lowest tannin content(0.7%).The relative palatability of introduced bamboo species followed trend:***(97.6%)[***(92.5%)[***(81.2%)[***(76.9%)[***(75.9%)[***(73.4%).The optimum months for lopping these species for green leaves are Novem

关键词： Anti-nutritional values Nutritional values Bamboo Chemical composition Mineral nutrients Palatability Lopping time

Human-Like robot Sensing Mediated by Body Heat

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第1期11卷 82-89页

作者： r. Andrew russell Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia

This paper presents a novel robotic sensor system that can monitor volatile chemicals and airflow. The system is modelled on characteristics of the human body that are thought to have a significant influence on the human odour and airflow senses. In particular, the effect of buoyant airflow due to body heat acts to gather volatile chemicals over large areas of the human body and carry them to the nose. It is postulated that this effect increases the receptive area for human olfaction. In addition, the interaction between rising air heated by the body and external airflow produces a temperature distribution about head height that can be used to infer airflow direction and magnitude. A heated sensor system was constructed to investigate these effects and the resulting sensor was mounted on a mobile robot. The design of the sensor system is described. results are presented which demonstrate its ability to measure airflow direction and detect chemical signals over a wider receptive field compared with an unheated sensor.

关键词： sensing volatile chemicals sensing airflow human body heat biomimetic robots

Chemical reduction of CO_2 to Different Products during Photo Catalytic reaction on TiO_2 under Diverse Conditions:an Overview

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2007年第3期16卷 217-226页

作者： G.r.Dey radiation and Photochemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India

The chemical reduction of CO2 remains a challenge with respect to the reversal of the oxidative degradation of any organic materials. The conversion of CO2 into useful substances is essential in developing alternative fuels and various raw materials for different industries. This also aids in preventing the continuous rise in tropospheric temperature due to the green house effect of CO2. In this article an overview of the growth taken place so far in the field of CO2 chemical reduction is pre- sented. The discussion comprises of photochemical methods for the development of different products, viz. CO, CH3OH and CH4, through chemical reduction of CO2. This includes the use of photo catalysts, mainly TiO2, and the role of a hole scavenger （such as 2-propanol） for this purpose.

关键词： CO2 chemical reduction H2 CH4 CO TiO2 hole scavenger photolysis

The Wiedemann-Franz law in a normal metal-superconductor junction

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第12期20卷 404-409页

作者： r Ghanbari G rashedi Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Isfahan81744 IsfahanIran

In this paper the influence of superconducting correlations on the thermal and charge conductances in a normal metal-superconductor （NS） junction in the clean limit is studied theoretically. First we solve the quasiclassical Eilenberger equations, and using the obtained density of states we can acquire the thermal and electrical conductances for the NS junction. Then we compare the conductance in a normal region of an NS junction with that in a single layer of normal metal （N）. Moreover, we study the Wiedemann-Franz （WF） law for these two cases （iN and NS）. From our calculations we conclude that the behaviour of the NS junction does not conform to the WF law for all temperatures. The effect of the thickness of normal metal on the thermal conductivity is also theoretically investigated in the paper.

关键词： quasiclassical approach Eilenberger equations Wiedemann-Franz law thermal and charge conductances

robot Pheromone Communication Using Vortex ring Transmission

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第2期6卷 153-160页

作者： r.Andrew russell Intelligent robotics research Centre Monash University

Unpredictable air movements have proved to be a problem in previous studies investigating robot communication by means of airborne pheromone chemicals. The project described in this paper investigates the use of air vortex rings as a means of carrying pheromone chemicals between transmitting and receiving robots. Sensitivity to chemicals including pheromones released by conspecifics is essential for many aspects of an insect's life. They assist in finding food, locating a mate, avoiding danger and help coordinate the activities of social insects. In the future, autonomous robots will be challenged by many situations similar to those that face insects and other simple creatures. Chemical communication may prove useful for these robots as well. This paper describes the equipment developed for generating and detecting vortex rings. results of experiments involving location and tracking of a sequence of pheromone vortex rings are also presented.

关键词： chemical communication vortex transmission crickets biomimetic robots

Wake structure and similar behavior of wake profiles downstream of a plunging airfoil

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第4期30卷 1281-1293页

作者： Ali r.DAVArI Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran147789-3855 Iran

Very limited attention has already been paid to the velocity behavior in the wake region in unsteady aerodynamic problems. A series of tests has been performed on a flapping airfoil in a subsonic wind tunnel to study the wake structure for different sets of mean angle of attack, plunging amplitude and reduced frequency. In this study, the velocity profiles in the wake for various oscillation parameters have been measured using a wide shoulder rake, especially designed for the present experiments. The airfoil under consideration was a critical section of a 660 k W wind *** results show that for a flapping airfoil the wake structure can be of drag producing type, thrust producing or neutral, depending on the mean angle of attack, oscillation amplitude and reduced frequency. In a thrust producing wake, a high-momentum high-velocity jet flow is formed in the core region of the wake instead of the conventional low-momentum flow. As a result, the drag force normally experienced by the body due to the momentum deficit would be replaced by a thrust *** to the results, the momentum loss in the wake decreases as the reduced frequency increases. The thrust producing wake pattern for the flapping airfoil has been observed for sufficiently low angles of attack in the absence of the viscous effects. This phenomenon has also been observed for either high oscillation amplitudes or high reduced frequencies. According to the results, for different reduced frequencies and plunging amplitudes, such that the product of them be a constant, the velocity profiles exhibit similar behavior and coalesce on each other. This similarity parameter works excellently at small angles of attack. However, at near stall boundaries, the similarity is not as evident as before.

关键词： Hysteresis Plunging reduced frequency Von Krmn street Wake

Synopsis of Leymus Hochst.(Triticeae:Poaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第1期47卷 67-86页

作者： Bernard r.BAUM Eastern Cereals and Oilseeds research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCentral Experimental Farm

Leymus is a genus in the Triticeae tribe, Poaceae. The taxa of this genus are allopolyploid species which possess the Ns and Xm genomes. According to cytological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses, some species of Hystrix and Elymus ought to be transferred to this genus. A world revision of the genus Leymus is needed. In this paper we summarize experimental results, provide a key to sections, species and varieties, and list all the taxa we recognize in Leymus with their synonyms. This synopsis is a new taxonomic system to be used for the revision of Leymus.

关键词： genome Leymus new taxonomic system section species varieties

An examination of the mechanical interaction of drilling slurries at the soil-concrete contact

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第4期11卷 294-304页

作者： ressol r.SHAKIr Key Laboratory of MOE for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai University Geotechnical research Institute Hohai University

Evidence gained from previous field tests conducted on drilled shaft foundation shows that using drilling slurries to stabilize a borehole during the construction may influence the interfacial shear *** paper deals with an exhaustive study of the effects of drilling slurries at the contact between soil and *** study involved adapting a simple shear apparatus and performing approximately 100 experimental tests on the interaction between two types of soils;clay and sandy clay and five specimens of concrete with different surface *** also involved using bentonite and polymer slurries as an interface layer between soil and *** showed that an interface layer of bentonite slurry between clay and concrete decreases the interfacial shear strength by 23% and as an interface layer between sandy clay and concrete,bentonite increases interfacial shear strength by 10%.Using polymer slurry as an interface layer between clay and concrete decreases the interfacial shear strength by 17% while using it as an interface layer between sandy clay and concrete increases the interfacial shear strength by 10%.Furthermore,the data show that using bentonite and polymer slurry as an interface layer between clay and concrete decreases the sliding ratio by 50% to 60%,while increasing the sliding ratio by 44% to 56% when these are used as an interface layer between sandy clay and concrete.

关键词： Drilled shaft foundation Drilling slurry Polymer Bentonite Simple shear test Concrete surface Soil structure interaction Mudcake