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CompactChain:an efficient stateless chain for UtXO-model blockchain

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 167-179页

作者： B Swaroopa rEDDY t Uday Kiran rEDDY Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology HyderabadHyderabadTelangana 502285India

In this work,we propose a stateless blockchain called CompactChain,which compacts the entire state of the UtXO(Unspent transaction Output)based blockchain systems into two rSA *** first accumulator is called transaction Output(tXO)commitment which represents the tXO *** second one is called Spent transaction Output(StXO)commitment which represents the StXO *** this work,we discuss three algorithms:(i)to update the tXO and StXO commitments by the *** miner also provides the proofs for the correctness of the updated commitments;(ii)to prove the transaction’s validity by providing a membership witness in tXO commitment and non-membership witness against StXO commitment for a coin being spent by a user;(iii)to update the witness for the coin that is not yet spent;the experimental results evaluate the performance of the CompactChain in terms of time taken by a miner to update the commitments and time taken by a validator to verify the commitments and validate the *** compare the performance of CompactChain with the existing state-of-the-art works on stateless *** shows a reduction in commitments update complexity and transaction witness size which inturn reduces the mempool size and propagation latency without compromising the system throughput(transactions per second(tpS)).

关键词： stateless blockchain rSA Accumulator StXO commitment tXO commitment UtXO Non-interactive proof of Exponentiation(NI-poE) transactions per second(tpS)

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： Benjamin r.Helmold Angela Ahrens Zachary Fitzgerald p.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. this hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. this line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. this line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SpASt spastin

On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs pál Department of physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

An Efficient Approach to Escalate the Speed of training Convolution Neural Networks

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China Communications 2024年第2期21卷 258-269页

作者： p pabitha Anusha Jayasimhan Department of Computer technology Anna UniversityMadras Institute of Technology CampusChennai 600044India

Deep neural networks excel at image identification and computer vision applications such as visual product search, facial recognition, medical image analysis, object detection, semantic segmentation,instance segmentation, and many others. In image and video recognition applications, convolutional neural networks(CNNs) are widely employed. these networks provide better performance but at a higher cost of computation. With the advent of big data, the growing scale of datasets has made processing and model training a time-consuming operation, resulting in longer training times. Moreover, these large scale datasets contain redundant data points that have minimum impact on the final outcome of the model. to address these issues, an accelerated CNN system is proposed for speeding up training by eliminating the noncritical data points during training alongwith a model compression method. Furthermore, the identification of the critical input data is performed by aggregating the data points at two levels of granularity which are used for evaluating the impact on the model *** experiments are conducted using the proposed method on CIFAr-10 dataset on resNet models giving a 40% reduction in number of FLOps with a degradation of just 0.11% accuracy.

关键词： CNN deep learning image classification model compression

Immune response to inactivated bacterial vector carrying the recombinant K39 antigen of Leishmania infantum in mice

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Asian pacific Journal of tropical Biomedicine 2024年第5期14卷 199-206页

作者： Lucelina S.Araújo Bruno B.Silva Eduarda N.F.N.Santos Arnaldo S.Bezerra Samuel S.Frota Assis r.Montenegro Eridan O.p.t.Florean Maurício Fvan tilburg Maria Izabel F.Guedes Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Northeast Biotechnology NetworkState University of CearáFortalezaBrazil Faculty of Veterinary Medicine State University of CearáFortalezaBrazil

Objective:to evaluate the immunological response elicited by an inactivated bacterial vector carrying the K39 antigen of Leishmania infantum,and a purified ***:Mice were subjected to the following treatments:(1)purified recombinant K39(rK39)protein at a 20μg dose with complete Freund’s adjuvant;(2)Inactivated Escherichia coli(BL21 DE3)carrying the K39 protein at an equivalent total protein content of 200μg;(3)Inactivated bacteria lacking the K39 protein;(4)Non-immunized control *** monitoring was *** groups were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of 10^(7) Leishmania infantum *** euthanasia,the liver and spleen were collected to analyze the levels of tNF,IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-4,and ***:Mice immunized with purified rK39 or the inactivated bacterial vector carrying the K39 antigen of Leishmania infantum showed a long-lasting immune response with high levels of polyclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the recombinant *** IgG1 subclass was the predominant immunoglobulin;however,the induction of IgG2a and the profile of cytokines produced were indicative of the induction of a mixed-type ***:the inactivated bacterial vector carrying the K39 antigen,as well as the purified antigen can induce a long-lasting immune response in immunized mice,predominantly favouring a th2 profile response.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis K39 Inactivated bacterial vector Vaccine Immune response th1 th2 Leishmania infantum

Kinematic analysis of flexible bipedal robotic systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 795-818页

作者： r.FAZEL A.M.SHAFEI S.r.NEKOO Department of Mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Departamento de Ingenieria de Sistemas y Automatica Escuela Técnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaSeville 41092Spain

In spite of its intrinsic complexities,the passive gait of bipedal robots on a sloping ramp is a subject of interest for numerous *** distinguishes the present research from similar works is the consideration of flexibility in the constituent links of this type of robotic *** is not a far-fetched assumption because in the transient(impact)phase,due to the impulsive forces which are applied to the system,the likelihood of exciting the vibration modes increases ***,the human leg bones that are involved in walking are supported by viscoelastic muscles and ***,for achieving more exact results,it is essential to model the robot links with viscoelastic *** this end,the Gibbs-Appell formulation and Newton's kinematic impact law are used to derive the most general form of the system's dynamic equations in the swing and transient phases of *** most important issue in the passive walking motion of bipedal robots is the determination of the initial robot configuration with which the system could accomplish a periodic and stable gait solely under the effect of gravitational *** extremely unstable nature of the system studied in this paper and the vibrations caused by the impulsive forces induced by the impact of robot feet with the inclined surface are some of the very serious challenges encountered for achieving the above-mentioned *** overcome such challenges,an innovative method that uses a combination of the linearized equations of motion in the swing phase and the algebraic motion equations in the transition phase is presented in this paper to obtain an eigenvalue *** solving this problem,the suitable initial conditions that are necessary for the passive gait of this bipedal robot on a sloping surface are *** effects of the characteristic parameters of elastic links including the modulus of elasticity and the Kelvin-Voigt coefficient on the walking stability of this type of

关键词： bipedal robot flexible link swing phase transient phase eigenvalue problem Kelvin-Voigt coefficient

Evaluation of red soil-bentonite mixtures for compacted clay liners

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 697-710页

作者： A.S.Devapriya t.thyagaraj Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India

Compacted clay liners are an integral part of the waste landfills,which are provided to contain the leachate within the landfills and protect the surrounding ***,locally available natural soils are used for the construction of compacted clay liners if they satisfy the design ***,not all soils in their natural state satisfy all the design criteria for the liner ***,there is a definite need to modify the locally available natural soils by blending with bentonite to meet the required design criteria for the *** view of this,the present study evaluates the suitability of an Indian red soil enhanced with bentonite as a liner *** achieve this,a series of experiments were carried out using locally available red soil and ***,the suitability of the red soil was evaluated as a liner *** experimental results showed that the red soil met all the selection criteria stipulated by the Environmental protection Agencies(EpAs)for the liners except the hydraulic conductivity ***,the red soil was mixed with bentonite contents of 10%,20%and 30%,and the red soil-bentonite mixtures were evaluated for their suitability for liners in their compacted ***,as the liners in the arid and semi-arid regions are subjected to moisture variations due to seasonal moisture fluctuations and other factors,the red soil-bentonite mixtures were subjected to wetdry cycles,and their suitability was evaluated after wet-dry *** experimental results revealed that all the red soil-bentonite mixtures met the stipulated EpA criteria for the liners in the as-compacted ***,the red soil-bentonite mixtures with 20%and 30%bentonite contents only satisfied the hydraulic conductivity requirement even after wet-dry *** experimental findings were supplemented with the microstructural insights captured through digital camera images,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and mercury intrusion porosimetry(M

关键词： Compacted clay lines Hydraulic conductivity Wet-dry cycles Microstructure

physics of porous materials under extreme laser-generated conditions

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Matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 1-3页

作者： V.t.tikhonchuk S.Weber Extreme Light Infrastructure ErIC ELI Beamlines Facility25241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic CELIA University of Bordeaux33405 TalenceFrance

porous materials offer unique possibilities for the production of plasmas with controlled density profiles for experiments on laser–matter *** are of growing relevance to many applications,such as inertial confinement fusion,fundamental research,and secondary *** the processes of transformation of a porous solid into a plasma is of fundamental interest and is needed for producing materials with desired properties.

关键词： interaction. properties. porous

Development,validation,and transportability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benjamin t.Schumacher Michael J.LaMonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor M.Simonsick Steven p.Hooker Humberto parada Jr. John Bellettiere Arun Kumar Herbert Wertheim School of public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:there exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(ML),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportability of several ML VO_(2max)prediction ***:the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:the age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:Measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness prediction algorithms Epidemiology Mortality