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缸内直喷汽油机进一步降低燃油消耗率的低节流气门技术的评估和比较

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汽车与新动力 2019年第5期2卷 42-48页

作者： P.FrEELAND[英] G.JONES[英] M.E.KASSEM[英] r.kaiser[英] r-S.CHEN L-W.HUANG 高英英(译) 不详

阐述了1种采用气门技术降低燃油耗的方法,能够使汽油机效率等同于柴油机效率。通过全参数可变进气系统并结合宽广运行范围的凸轮相位器,相对提高了内燃机效率,而且该气门技术能够提供零气门升程,实现停缸功能。原型概念机试验结果显示... 详细信息

阐述了1种采用气门技术降低燃油耗的方法,能够使汽油机效率等同于柴油机效率。通过全参数可变进气系统并结合宽广运行范围的凸轮相位器,相对提高了内燃机效率,而且该气门技术能够提供零气门升程,实现停缸功能。原型概念机试验结果显示了进气门早关、气门重叠和停缸的协同工作,以及不同工况下这种协同工作的局限性。论证了升功率超过105kW、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa、空燃比λ=1.0工况下燃油消耗率少于300g/(kW·h)的可量产的2.0L中央直喷汽油机(GDI)的潜力。强制点火汽油机采用预混当量比燃烧,效率与柴油机效率相当,燃烧更为清洁,后处理过程更为简单、稳定。

关键词：低节流气门缸内直喷燃油消耗率可调气门

Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White river, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Joseph E.kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi river basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White river basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P ring the post-carp period as reflected by boat electrofishing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

Dual-Functional Electrode Promoting Dendrite-Free and CO_(2) Utilization Enabled High-reversible Symmetric Na-CO_(2) Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 123-132页

作者： Changfan Xu Jiajia Qiu Yulian Dong Yueliang Li Yonglong Shen Huaping Zhao Ute kaiser Guosheng Shao Yong Lei Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik Institut für Physik&IMN MacroNanoTechnische Universität Ilmenau 98693Ilmenau Germany Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUlm UniversityUlm 89081Germany School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Sodium-carbon dioxide(Na-CO_(2))batteries are regarded as promising energy storage technologies because of their impressive theoretical energy density and CO_(2)reutilization,but their practical applications are restricted by uncontrollable sodium dendrite growth and poor electrochemical kinetics of CO_(2)*** suitable multifunctional electrodes for dendritefree anodes and kinetics-enhanced CO_(2)cathodes is considered one of the most important ways to advance the practical application of Na-CO_(2)***,ruO2 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon paper(ruCP)are rationally designed and employed as both Na anode host and CO_(2)cathode in Na-CO_(2)*** outstanding sodiophilicity and high catalytic activity of ruCP electrodes can simultaneously contribute to homogenous Na+distribution and dendrite-free sodium structure at the anode,as well as strengthen discharge and charge kinetics at the *** morphological evolution confirmed the uniform deposition of Na on ruCP anode with dense and flat interfaces,delivering enhanced Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%and cycling stability near 1500 ***,Na-CO_(2)batteries with ruCP cathode demonstrated excellent cycling stability(>350 cycles).Significantly,implementation of a dendrite-free ruCP@Na anode and catalytic-site-rich ruCP cathode allowed for the construction of a symmetric Na-CO_(2)battery with long-duration cyclability,offering inspiration for extensive practical uses of Na-CO_(2)batteries.

关键词： CO_(2)cathode dendrite free electrocatalysis Na metal anode symmetric CO_(2)batteries

Turning Trash into Treasure: Developing an Intelligent Bin for Plastic Bottle recycling

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第1期5卷 1-14页

作者： Sirajam Munira Niloy Paul Md Ashraful Alam Md.Mahmudur rahman M.Shamim kaiser Institute of Information Technology Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh

Plastic pollution has emerged as a major global concern due to its enduring nature and limited recycling *** response to this critical challenge,this paper presents a novel approach utilizing a Detection-Based reward System(DBrS)alongside an innovative business model to promote effective plastic waste management,reduce plastic waste accumulation in the nature,and uphold environmental *** the YOLOv5 algorithm for its exceptional accuracy,speed,and open-source availability,plastic bottle detection becomes a pivotal aspect of this *** seamlessly enroll in the system,triggering an automated detection process that computes reward points corresponding to their deposited plastic *** reward points are meticulously stored within a centralized *** its operational facets,this comprehensive system encompasses a robust business model,strategically poised to capture widespread engagement with waste disposal practices,thereby contributing to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)geared towards fostering a healthier ***,the DBrS attains cutting-edge performance in plastic bottle detection,boasting an impressive mean Average Precision(mAP)of 0.973,underscoring its efficacy in tackling plastic pollution.

关键词： smart environment reward system YOLOv5 deep learning business model

Phased,chromosome-scale genome assemblies of tetraploid potato reveal a complex genome,transcriptome,and predicted proteome landscape underpinning genetic diversity

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Molecular Plant 2022年第3期15卷 520-536页

作者： Genevieve Hoopes Xiaoxi Meng John P.Hamilton Sai reddy Achakkagari Fernanda de Alves Freitas Guesdes Marie E.Bolger Joseph J.Coombs Danny Esselink Natalie r.kaiser Linda Kodde Maria Kyriakidou Brian Lavrijssen Natascha van Lieshout rachel Shereda Heather K.Tuttle Brieanne Vaillancourt Joshua C.Wood Jan Mde Boer Nolan Bornowski Peter Bourke David Douches Herman Jvan Eck Dave Ellis Max J.Feldman Kyle M.Gardner Johannes C.P.Hopman Jiming Jiang Walter S.De Jong Joseph C.Kuhl richard G.Novy Stan Oome Vidyasagar Sathuvalli Ek Han Tan remco A.Ursum M.Isabel Vales Kelly Vining richard G.F.Visser Jack Vossen G.Craig Yencho Noelle L.Anglin Christian W.B.Bachem Jeffrey B.Endelman Laura M.Shannon Martina V.Stromvik Helen H.Tai Bjorn Usadel C.robin Buell richard Finkers Department of Plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Plant Science McGill UniversitySainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X 3V9Canada Plant Breeding Wageningen University&ResearchPlant Breeding6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands IBG-4 Bioinformatics Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm Johnen Str52428 JülichGermany Department of Plant Soiland Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Bayer Crop Science WoodlandCA 95695USA Averis Seeds B.V. 9640 AA Veendamthe Netherlands International Potato Center 1895 Avenida La MolinaLimaPeru USDA-ArS ProsserWA 99350USA Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Fredericton research and Development Centre FrederictonNB E3B 4Z7Canada School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853-1901USA Department of Plant Sciences University of IdahoMoscowID 83844USA USDA-ArS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm ResearchAberdeenID 83210USA HZPC research B.V. Edisonweg 58501 XG Jourethe Netherlands Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityHermistonOR 97838USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine5735 Hitchner Hall OronoME 04469USA Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-2133USA Department of Horticulture Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-7609USA Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Institute for Biological Data Science Heinrich Heine UniversityDusseldorf40225 DusseldorfGermany Plant resilience Institute Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Present address:GenNovation B.V. Wageningenthe Netherlands

Cultivated potato is a clonally propagated autotetraploid species with a highly heterogeneous *** assemblies of six cultivars including two chromosome-scale phased genome assemblies revealed extensive allelic diversity,including altered coding and transcript sequences,preferential allele expression,and structural variation that collectively result in a highly complex transcriptome and predicted proteome,which are distributed across the homologous *** species contribute to the extensive allelic diversity in tetraploid cultivars,demonstrating ancestral introgressions predating modern breeding *** a clonally propagated autotetraploid that undergoes limited meiosis,dysfunctional and deleterious alleles are not purged in tetraploid *** a quarter of the loci bore mutations are predicted to have a high negative impact on protein function,complicating breeder’s efforts to reduce genetic *** StCDF1 locus controls maturity,and analysis of six tetraploid genomes revealed that 12 allelic variants of StCDF1 are correlated with maturity in a dosage-dependent *** of the complexity of the tetraploid potato genome with its rampant structural variation and embedded deleterious and dysfunctional alleles will be key not only to implementing precision breeding of tetraploid cultivars but also to the construction of homozygous,diploid potato germplasm containing favorable alleles to capitalize on heterosis in F1 hybrids.

关键词： potato allele diversity phased assembly polyploid pan-genome wild introgressions

reflections on four decades of physical activity epidemiology

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 608-610页

作者： Barbara Sternfeld David r.Jacobs Jr. Division of research Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA 94610USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

In 1985,Public Health reports published a series of papers prepared for a workshop sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).1 Building on the seminal work of Jeremy Morris and ralph Paffenbarger Jr.,who were among the first to use epidemiological methods to study physical activity(PA),2,3 the workshop itself was the result of a growing scientific understanding of the importance of“physical fitness and exercise for improving the health of the public”.

关键词： semi workshop ralph

research and development of VUV optical coatings for micro mirror applications

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 465-470页

作者： Alexandre Gatto Norbert kaiser Fraunhofer IOF Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer IOF Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

This paper deals with vacuum UV optical coatings for micro mirror applications. High reflecting low-stress optical coatings have been developed for the next-generation of micro mechanical mirrors. The optimized metal systems are applicable in the VUV spectral region and can be integrated in the technology of MOEMS, such as spatial light modulators (SLM) and micro scanning mirrors.

关键词： VUV 光学涂覆技术微镜技术薄膜调节器

Strength of massive to moderately jointed hard rock masses

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 562-575页

作者： r.P.Bewick P.K.kaiser F.Amann Golder Associates Ltd. 33 Mackenzie StreetSudburyOntarioP3C 4Y1Canada Laurentian University 935 Ramsey Lake RdSudburyP3E 2C6Canada rWTH Aachen Lochnerstrasse Aachen4-20D-52064Germany

The Hoek-Brown (HB) failure criterion and the geological strength index (GSI) were developed for the estimation of rock mass strength in jointed and blocky ground where rock mass failure is dominated by sliding along open joints and rotation of rock blocks. In massive, veined and moderately jointed rock in which rock blocks cannot form without failure of intact rock, the approach to obtain HB parameters must be modified. Typical situations when these modifications are required include the design of pillars, excavation and cavern stability, strainburst potential assessment, and tunnel support in deep underground conditions (around σ1/σci > 0.15, where σ1 is the major principal compressive stress and σci is the unconfined compressive strength of the homogeneous rock) in hard brittle rocks with GSI ≥ 65. In this article, the strength of massive to moderately jointed hard rock masses is investigated, and an approach is presented to estimate the rock mass strength envelope using laboratory data from uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength tests without reliance on the HB-GSI equations. The data from tests on specimens obtained from massive to moderately jointed heterogeneous (veined) rock masses are used to obtain the rock and rock mass strengths at confining stress ranges that are relevant for deep tunnelling and mining;and a methodology is presented for this purpose from laboratory data alone. By directly obtaining the equivalent HB rock mass strength envelope for massive to moderately jointed rock from laboratory tests, the HB-GSI rock mass strength estimation approach is complemented for conditions where the GSIequations are not applicable. Guidance is also provided on how to apply the proposed approach when laboratory test data are not or not yet available.

关键词： Brittle rock Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) Geological strength index(GSI) Massive to moderately jointed rock masses

A review of refinery complexity applications

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Petroleum Science 2017年第1期14卷 167-194页

作者： Mark J. kaiser Center for Energy Studies Louisiana State UniversityEnergy Coast and Environment Building Baton RougeLA 70803 USA

refinery complexity quantifies the sophistication and capital intensity of a refinery and has found widespread application in facility classification, cost estimation, sales price models, and other uses. Despite the ubiquity and widespread use of refining complexity, however, surprisingly little material has been written on its applications. The pur- pose of this review is to describe the primary applications of refinery complexity and some recent extensions. A secondary purpose of this review is to provide a framework that unifies complexity applications and suggests avenues for future research. Examples illustrate the applications considered.

关键词： Cost estimation Functional complexityInverse problem replacement cost refineryclassification Sales price models