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North Atlantic subtropical mode water formation controlled by Gulf Stream fronts

National Science review 2023年第9期10卷 214-223页

作者： Bolan Gan Jingjie Yu Lixin Wu Gokhan Danabasoglu r.justin small Allison H.Baker Fan Jia Zhao Jing Xiaohui Ma Haiyuan Yang Zhaohui Chen Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China 2. Laoshan Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric research CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The North Atlantic Ocean hosts the largest volume of global subtropical mode waters(STMWs) in the world,which serve as heat,carbon and oxygen silos in the ocean *** are formed in the Gulf Stream region where thermal fronts are pervasive and result in feedback with the ***,their roles in STMW formation have been *** eddy-resolving global climate simulations,we find that suppressing local frontal-scale ocean-to-atmosphere(FOA) feedback leads to STMW formation being reduced almost by *** is because FOA feedback enlarges STMW outcropping,attributable to the mixed layer deepening associated with cumulative excessive latent heat loss due to higher wind speeds and greater air-sea humidity contrast driven by the Gulf Stream *** enhanced heat loss overshadows the stronger restratification induced by vertical eddies and turbulent heat transport,making STMW colder and he *** more realistic representation of FOA feedback,the eddy-present/rich coupled global climate models reproduce the observed STMWs much better than the eddy-free *** improvement in STMW production cannot be achieved,even with the oceanic resolution solely refined but without coupling to the overlying atmosphere in oceanic general circulation *** findings highlight the need to resolve FOA feedback to ameliorate the common severe underestimation of STMW and associated heat and carbon uptakes in earth system mo dels.

关键词： North Atlantic subtropical mode water Gulf Stream thermal fronts frontal-scale ocean-to-atmosphere feedback eddy-resolving coupled global climate model

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Astrocytes integrate time and space

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 467-468页

作者： justin Lines Department of Biological Sciences Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Astrocytes read and react to synaptic transmission through tripartite synapses,where the binding of neurotransmitters onto astrocytic receptors triggers an increase in intracellular *** investigations have revealed that astrocytes exhibit two distinct states of intracellular calcium activity:(1)graded subcellular localized clusters with independently active microdomains,likely influenced by nearby synaptic events,and(2)whole-cell astrocyte calcium surges,believed to result from the coordinated activation of multiple ***,astrocyte calcium responses are not solely graded;instead,a spatial threshold of intracellular calcium activity can be overcome to elicit an astrocyte calcium *** these calcium responses,in turn,initiate downstream signaling pathways capable of modifying synaptic communication and overall network *** summary,astrocytes can function as integrators of local synaptic events,actively contributing to information processing within the brain.

关键词： graded integrate instead

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Long-term landscape changes in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in central Utah, USA

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 83-94页

作者： Jesse L.Morris r.justin Derose Andrea r.Brunelle Department of Forest Rangeland and Fire Sciences College of Natural Resources University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis Rocky Mountain Research Station Ogden UT 84401 USA. Department of Geography University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

Background： In Western North America, increasing wildfire and outbreaks of native bark beetles have been mediated by warming climate conditions. Bioclimatic models forecast the loss of key high elevation species throughout the region. This study uses retrospective vegetation and fire history data to reconstruct the drivers of past disturbance and environmental change. Understanding the relationship among climate, antecedent disturbances, and the legacy effects of settlement-era logging can help identify the patterns and processes that create landscapes susceptible to bark beetle epidemics. Methods： Our analysis uses data from lake sediment cores, stand inventories, and historical records. Sediment cores were dated with radiometric techniques （14C and 210pb/137Cs） and subsampled for pollen and charcoal to maximize the temporal resolution during the historical period （1800 CE to present） and to provide environmental baseline data （last 10,500 years）. Pollen data for spruce were calibrated to carbon biomass （C t/ha） using standard allometric equations and a transfer function. Charcoal samples were analyzed with statistical models to facilitate peak detection and determine fire recurrence intervals. results： The Wasatch Plateau has been dominated by Engelmann spruce forests for the last ～10,500 years, with subalpine fir becoming more prominent since 6000 years ago. This landscape has experienced a dynamic fire regime, where burning events are more frequent and of higher magnitude during the last 3000 years. Two important disturbances have impacted Engelmann spruce in the historical period： 1） high-grade logging during the late 19th century; and （2） a high severity spruce beetle outbreak in the late 20th century that killed 〉90 % of mature spruce （〉10 cm dbh）. Conclusions： Our study shows that spruce-dominated forests in this region are resilient to a range of climate and disturbance regimes. Several lines of evidence suggest that 19th century logging promoted a legacy o

关键词： Spruce beetle Climate change Dendroctonus Engelmann spruce Logging Western North America Wildfire

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Deciphering Water Oxidation Catalysts:The Dominant role of Surface Chemistry over reconstruction Degree in Activity Promotion

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 340-354页

作者： Li An Jianyi Li Yuanmiao Sun Jiamin Zhu justin Zhu Yeow Seow Hong Zhang Nan Zhang Pinxian Xi * Zhichuan JXu Chun‑Hua Yan State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceFrontiers Science Center for Rare IsotopesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Institute of Technology for Carbon NeutralityShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Materials and Devices National Center for International Research On Photoelectric and Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials and EnergyElectron Microscopy CenterYunnan UniversityKunming 650091People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo rare Earth resource researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare EarthsBaotou 014030People’s Republic of China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsPKU‑HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic ChemistryPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China

Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution *** surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity ***,a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO_(3)is *** substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction ***_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.00,0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00)*** reconstructed LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based ***,density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level,which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term ***,it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction *** effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface *** finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Perovskite oxides Doping Activation and reconstruction

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Physical fitness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic:results of annual national physical fitness surveillance among 16,647,699 Japanese children and adolescents between 2013 and 2021

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第2期12卷 246-254页

作者： Tetsuhiro Kidokoro Grant r.Tomkinson justin JLang Koya Suzuki research Institute for Health and Sport Science Nippon Sport Science UniversityTokyo 158-8508Japan Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo UniversityInzai City 270-1695Japan Alliance for research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity(ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5000Australia Centre for Surveillance and Applied research Public Health Agency of CanadaOttawaON K1A 0K9Canada School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Healthy Active Living and Obesity research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

Background:Limited nationally representative evidence is available on temporal trends in physical fitness(PF)for children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** primary aim was to examine the temporal trends in PF for Japanese children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 *** secondary aim was to estimate the concurrent trends in body size(measured as body mass and height)and movement behaviors(exercise,screen,and sleep time).Methods:Census PF data for children in Grade 5(aged 10-11 years)and adolescents in Grade 8(aged 13-14 years)were obtained for the years 2013-2021 from the National Survey of Physical Fitness,Athletic Performance,and Exercise Habits in Japan(n=16,647,699).PF and body size were objectively measured,and movement behaviors were *** sample-weighted linear regression,temporal trends in mean PF were calculated before the pandemic(2013-2019)and during the pandemic(2019-2021)with adjustments for age,sex,body size,and exercise ***:When adjusted for age,sex,body size,and exercise time,there were significant declines in PF during the pandemic,with the largest declines observed in 20-m shuttle run(standardized(Cohen’s)effect size(ES)=-0.109 per annum(p.a.))and sit-ups performance(ES=-0.133p.a.).The magnitude of the declines in 20-m shuttle run and sit-ups performances were 18-and 15-fold larger,respectively,than the improvements seen before the pandemic(2013-2019),after adjusting for age,sex,body size,and exercise *** the pandemic,both body mass and screen time significantly increased,and exercise time ***:Declines in 20-m shuttle run and sit-ups performances suggest corresponding declines in population health during the COVID-19pandemic.

关键词： Census Physical inactivity Public health Temporal trends Youth

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Minimum spouting velocity of flat-base spouted fluid bed

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Particuology 2018年第1期16卷 27-36页

作者： Esmail r. Monazam ronald W. Breault justin Weber Ky Layfield National Energy Technology Laboratory U. S. Department of Energy 3610 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown WV26507-0880 USA rEM Engineering Services PLLC 3537 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown WV26505 USA

Experiments were performed on spout characteristics of a cylindrical spout-fluidized bed （I.D. = 10 cm） with different static heights and two materials （A1203 and high density polyethylene）. results of minimum spouting velocity obtained in this study were compared with reported correlations for both spouted and spout-fluidized beds. Considerable discrepancies were found between the values obtained using different model equations as well as with respect to experimental results. Based on the Mathur-Gishler correlation, a new correlation is proposed for calculating the minimum spouting velocity that introduces the ratio U/Umf. It was found that the minimum spouting velocity decreases with increasing fluidizing gas velocity （U/Umf）. The pressure drop at the point of minimum spouting velocity is also correlated using this dimensionless group and is presented in this work. This investigation demonstrates that the use of correlations reported in the literature that focus primarily on conical bottom spouted beds are not applicable to fiat-bottom spouted and spout-fluidized beds.

关键词： Spouted bed Spout-fluidized bed Minimum spouting velocity Flat-bottom spouted bed

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Product of Functions in BMO and H1 in Non-homogeneous Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第8期27卷 1535-1546页

作者： justin FEUTO Universitd de Cocody UFR Mathdmatiques et lnformatique 22 B. P. 1194 Abidjan 22 Rgpublique de CSte d'lvoire

Under the assumption that the underlying measure is a non-negative radon measure which only satisfies some growth condition and may not be doubling, we define the product of functions in the regular BMO and the atomic block -~1 in the sense of distribution, and show that this product may be split into two parts, one in L1 and the other in some Hardy-Orlicz space.

关键词： Local Hardy space local BMO space atomic block block non-doubling measure Hardy- Orlicz space

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Concurrent Learning-based Approximate Feedback-Nash Equilibrium Solution of N-player Nonzero-sum Differential Games

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2014年第3期1卷 239-247页

作者： rushikesh Kamalapurkar.justin r.Klotz Warren E.Dixon the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida

This paper presents a concurrent learning-based actor-critic-identifier architecture to obtain an approximate feedback-Nash equilibrium solution to an infinite horizon Nplayer nonzero-sum differential *** solution is obtained online for a nonlinear control-affine system with uncertain linearly parameterized drift *** is shown that under a condition milder than persistence of excitation(PE),uniformly ultimately bounded convergence of the developed control policies to the feedback-Nash equilibrium policies can be *** results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed technique without an added excitation signal.

关键词： Convergence Function approximation Games Learning (artificial intelligence) Stability analysis Trajectory Nonlinear system data driven control dynamic programming optimal adaptive control Converge excitation signal Approximate function approximation Stability analysis differential games Nonlinear systems trajectory Game theory Nash equilibrium dynamic programming adaptive control

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Anal squamous cell carcinoma: An evolution in disease and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13052-13059页

作者： Marc C Osborne justin Maykel Eric K Johnson Scott r Steele University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN55415 United States University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center Worcester MA 01609 United States Department of Surgery Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WA 98431 United States

Anal cancer represents less than 1% of all new cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. Yet, despite the relative paucity of cases, the incidence of anal cancer has seen a steady about 2% rise each year over the last decade. As such, all healthcare providers need to be cognizant of the evaluation and treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma. While chemoradiation remains the mainstay of therapy for most patients with anal cancer, surgery may still be required in recurrent, recalcitrant and palliative disease. In this manuscript, we will explore the diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

关键词： Anal cancer Squamous cell cancer Nigro protocol Anal intraepithelial neoplasia Chemoradiation therapy Anal neoplasm radiotherapy Cancer screening Drug therapy

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removal of saxitoxin and anatoxin-a by PAC in the presence and absence of microcystin-Lr and/or cyanobacterial cells

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第6期128卷 161-170页

作者： justin rorar Laura Davila Garcia Teresa Cutright Department of Civil Engineering The University of AkronOH 44325-3905USA

Cyanobacteria can produce cyanotoxins such as microcystin-Lr(MC),saxitoxin(STX),and anatoxin-a(ANTX-a)which are harmful to humans and other *** removal efficiencies of STX and ANTX-a by powdered activated carbon(PAC)was investigated,aswell as when MC-Lr and cyanobacteriawere *** conductedwith distilled water and then source water,using the PAC dosages,rapid mix/flocculation mixing intensities and contact times of two drinking water treatment plants in northeast *** pH 8 and 9,STX removal was 47%-81%in distilled water and 46%-79%in source water,whereas it was 0-28%for pH 6 in distilled water and 31%-52%in source *** 1.6μg/L or 20μg/L MC-Lr was present with STX,STX removal was increased with PAC simultaneously removing 45%-65%of the 1.6μg/L MC-Lr and 25%-95%of the 20μg/L MC-Lr depending on the ***-a removal at pH 6 was 29%-37%for distilled water and 80%for source water,whereas it was 10%-26%for pH 8 in distilled water and 28%for pH 9 in source *** presence of cyanobacteria cells decreased ANTX-a removal by at least 18%.When 20μg/L MC-Lr was present with ANTX-a in source water,59%-73%ANTX-a and 48%-77%of MCLr was removed at pH 9 depending on the PAC *** general,a higher PAC dose led to higher cyanotoxin *** study also documented that multiple cyanotoxins can be effectively removed by PAC for water at pH’s between 6 and 9.

关键词： pH Cyanotoxins Cyanobacteria PAC Microcystin Saxitoxin Anatoxin-a

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