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For.casting of tr.pical cyclones ASANI (2022) and m.CHA (2023) over.the Bay of Bengal - r.al tim. challenges to for.caster.

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Tr.PICAL CYCLONE r.SEAr.H AND r.VIEw 2024年第2期13卷 88-112页

作者： Kotal, S. D. Ar.lalan, T. m.hapatr., m. Govt India Minist Earth Sci India Meteorol Dept New Delhi India

This study exam.nes the tr.ck and intensity for.casts of tw. typical Bay of Bengal tr.pical cyclones (TC) ASANI and m.CHA. The analysis of var.ous Num.r.cal w.ather.Pr.diction (Nw.) m.del for.casts [ECm.F (Eur.pean Centr. for.m.dium.r.nge w.ather.For.cast), NCEP (National Center. for.Envir.nm.ntal Pr.diction), NCUm.(National Centr. for.m.dium.r.nge w.ather.For.cast-Unified m.del), Im. (India m.teor.logical Depar.m.nt), Hw.1} (Hur.icane w.ather.r.sear.h and For.casting)], m.E (m.lti-m.del Ensem.le), SCIP (Statistical Cyclone Intensity Pr.diction) m.del, and OFCL (Official) for.casts show. that intensity for.casts of ASANI and tr.ck for.casts of m.CHA w.r. r.asonably good, but ther. w.r. lar.e er.or. and w.de var.ation in tr.ck for.casts of ASANI and in intensity for.casts of m.CHA. Am.ng all m.del for.casts, the tr.ck for.cast er.or. of Im. m.del and m.E w.r. least in gener.l for.ASANI and m.CHA r.spectively. Also, the landfall point for.cast er.or. of Im. w.r. least for.ASANI, and the m.E and OFCL for.cast er.or. w.r. least for.m.CHA. No m.del is found to be consistently better.for.landfall tim. for.cast for.ASANI, and the er.or. of ECm.F, Im. and Hw.1} w.r. least and of sam. or.er.for.m.CHA. The intensity for.cast er.or. of OFCL and SCIP w.r. least for.ASANI, and the for.cast er.or. of Hw.1}, Im., NCEP, SCIP and OFCL w.r. com.ar.ble and least for.m.CHA up to 48 h for.cast and Hw.1} er.or. w.r. least ther.after.in gener.l. The ECm.F m.del for.cast er.or. for.intensity w.r. found to be highest for.both the TCs. The r.sults also show.that although ther. is significant im.r.vem.nt of tr.ck for.casts and lim.ted or.no im.r.vem.nt of intensity for.cast in pr.vious decades but challenges still per.ists in r.al tim. for.casting of both tr.ck and intensity due to w.de var.ation and inconsistency of m.del for.casts for.differ.nt TC cases. (c) 2024 The Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China m.teor.logical Adm.nistr.tion. Publishing ser.ices by Elsevier.B.V. on behalf of KeAi Com.uni

关键词： Tr.pical cyclone Tr.ck for.cast Intensity for.cast Nw. m.del Bay of Bengal Nor.h Indian Ocean NOr.H INDIAN-OCEAN INTENSITY Pr.DICTION ATLANTIC BASIN Tr.CK FOr.CAST LANDFALL PACIFIC m.DEL EYE

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Cytotoxicity, Toxicity and Anticancer.Activity of m.nuka Honey, Saudi’s Honey and Peganum.har.ala Plant against Cancer.Cells

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Jour.al of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第2期12卷 311-325页

作者： Naif m. Alhaw.ti Elber.Lew.s m.les Anaif m. Alhew.itey Yousef m. Alm.tair. Fadhah m. Alhaw.ti CAHFS University of California Davis Davis USA Depar.m.nt of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA Depar.m.nt of Chem.str. University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia m.nistr. of Health East Jeddah General Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Cancer.occur. w.en the body’s cells gr.w.beyond the usual contr.l. Nor.al body cells m.ltiply in a contr.lled m.nner.and under.o apoptosis w.en the body no longer.needs them. Differ.nt types of cancer. exist, and the com.on ones include br.ast, cer.ical, pr.state, lung, colon, and skin cancer.. Sever.l factor. have been associated w.th cancer., and these factor. include poor.dieting, exposur. to har.ful chem.cals and r.diation, w.ak im.une system. and genetics. Cancer.pr.sents an enor.ous health thr.at in the m.der. w.r.d and thus the need to identify an effective tr.atm.nt. The conventional tr.atm.nts used in the m.nagem.nt of cancer.include chem.ther.py and physiother.py. These for.s of cancer.tr.atm.nts usually have enor.ous side effects on the subjects. In this r.spect, an alter.ative for. of tr.atm.nt w.uld be effective in m.naging cancer.patients. A substantial num.er.of natur.l pr.ducts have been obser.ed to be effective in the m.nagem.nt of cancer. These natur.l pr.ducts include plants and other.natur.l substances such as honey. This study focuses on the efficiency of natur.l pr.ducts in the tr.atm.nt of cancer. Also, the anticancer.effects of Peganum.har.ala, m.nuka honey, and Saudi honey w.ll be analyzed. Bee honey and Peganum.har.ala have been tr.ditionally used in the tr.atm.nt of cancer. The extr.cts fr.m.Peganum.har.ala plant have also been show. to exhibit diver.’ antitum.r.effects sim.lar.to the m.de of action of a vast num.er.of anticancer.agents. These established hypotheses thus give the r.tionale for.this study. In this exper.m.nt, extr.cts w.r. obtained fr.m.Peganum.har.ala leaves and exposed to cer.ical, lung, and pr.state cancer.cells. Sim.lar.y, solutions of m.nuka honey and Saudi honey w.r. exposed to the cer.ical, lung, and pr.state cancer.cells. The exper.m.nt dur.tion w.s 24 hour., w.ich obtained r.sults w.r. r.cor.ed and analyzed. Peganum.har.ala extr.cts inhibit cancer.cell gr.w.h at differ.nt and achievable concentr.tions. m.nuka honey

关键词： Peganum.har.ala m.nuka Honey Saudi Honey Anticancer Apoptosis Natur.l Pr.ducts

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Astr.physical S-factor.and r.action r.te for.15N(p,γ)16O w.thin the m.dified potential cluster.m.del

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 130-145页

作者： S.B.Dubovichenko A.S.Tkachenko r.Ya.Kezer.shvili N.A.Bur.ova B.m.Yeleusheva Fesenkov Astr.physical Institute 050020 AlmatyKazakhstan New.Yor. City College of Technology City University of New YorkBrooklyn11201 New YorkUSA Gr.duate School and Univer.ity Center City University of New York10016 New YorkUSA al-Far.bi Kazakh National Univer.ity 050040 AlmatyKazakhstan

w. study r.diative p^(15)N captur. on the gr.und state of ^(16)O at stellar.ener.ies w.thin the fr.m.w.r. of a m.dified potential cluster.m.del(m.Cm.w.th for.idden states,including low.lying *** investigation of the ^(15)N(p,γ0)^(16)O r.action includes the consider.tion of ^(3)S_(1) r.sonances due to E1 tr.nsitions and the contr.bution of the ^(3)P_(1) scatter.ng w.ve in the p+^(15)N channel due to the ^(3)P_(1)→^(3)P_(0)m. *** calculated the astr.physical low.ener.y S-factor.and the extr.polated S(0)tur.ed out to be w.thin 34.7−40.4 keV·*** im.or.ant r.le of the asym.totic constant(AC)for.the ^(15)N(p,γ0)16O pr.cess w.th inter.er.ng ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)r.sonances is elucidated.A com.ar.son of our.calculation for.the S-factor.w.th existing exper.m.ntal and theor.tical data is addr.ssed,and a r.asonable agr.em.nt is *** r.action r.te is calculated and com.ar.d w.th the existing *** has negligible dependence on the var.ation of AC but show. a str.ng im.act of the inter.er.nce of ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)r.sonances in r.fer.nce to the CNO Gam.w.w.ndow.,especially at low.*** estim.te the contr.bution of cascade tr.nsitions to the r.action r.te based on the exclusive exper.m.ntal data fr.m.***.C.85,065810(2012).The r.action r.te enhancem.nt due to the cascade tr.nsitions is obser.ed fr.m.T_(9)>0.3 and r.aches the m.xim.m.factor.1.3 at T_(9)=*** pr.sent the Gam.w.ener.y w.ndow.and a com.ar.son of r.tes for.r.diative pr.ton captur. r.actions ^(12)N(p,γ)^(13)O,^(13)N(p,γ)^(14)O,^(14)N(p,γ)^(15)O,and ^(15)N(p,γ)^(16)O obtained in the fr.m.w.r. of the m.Cm.and pr.vide the tem.er.tur. w.ndow.,pr.valence,and significance of each pr.cess.

关键词： low.and astr.physical ener.ies p^(15)N system ther.onuclear.r.action r.te potential cluster.m.del CNO-cycle

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Effects of Andr.de and Bur.er. r.eologies on glacial isostatic adjustm.nt m.deling in Antar.tica

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Geodesy and Geodynam.cs 2024年第5期15卷 429-440页

作者： Alexandr. Boughanem. Anthony m.m.n Univer.itéCôte d'Azur CNRSObservatoire de la Côte d'AzurIRDGéoazur250 rue Albert EinsteinSophia Antipolis 06560 ValbonneFrance

Var.ations in ice m.ss defor. the Ear.h and m.dify its gr.vity field,a pr.cess know. as Glacial Isostatic Adjustm.nt(GIA).GIA in Antar.tica r.m.ins poor.y constr.ined due to the cum.lative effect of past and pr.sent ice-m.ss changes,the unknow. histor. of the past ice-m.ss change,and the uncer.ainties on the m.chanical pr.per.ies of the *** paper.investigates the effect of using Andr.de and Bur.er. viscoelastic r.eologies,r.ther.than the com.only used m.xw.ll r.eology,to m.del GIA-induced defor.ation in *** Love num.er.and Gr.en's function for.alism.ar. used to com.ute the r.dial sur.ace displacem.nts and the gr.vity changes induced by the past and pr.sent ice-m.ss *** consider.an Ear.h m.del w.ose elastic pr.per.ies and r.dial str.ctur. ar. aver.ged fr.m.the Pr.lim.nar. r.fer.nce Ear.h m.del and tw. viscosity pr.files to account for.the r.cently published r.sults on the pr.sent ice-m.ss *** the thr.e r.eological law. affects the tem.or.l r.sponse of the Ear.h differ.ntly,leading to sm.ller.discr.pancies than those induced by the tw. viscosity *** differ.nces ar. the lar.est betw.en m.xw.ll and Bur.er. r.eologies dur.ng the 100-1000 year. follow.ng the beginning of the sur.ace-m.ss *** show.that using the Andr.de and Bur.er. r.eologies allow. the Ear.h to r.spond on decennial to centennial tim. scales,up to 10 m.m.r. than *** only the r.cent ice-m.ss changes,the defor.ation r.tes der.ved fr.m.Bur.er. and Andr.de r.eologies ar. sever.l tim.s lar.er.than those estim.ted by m.xw.ll r.eology.

关键词： GIA Antar.tica m.deling r.eology Displacem.nt Viscosity GNSS

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Tum.r.necr.sis factor.alpha, tr.nsfor.ing gr.w.h factor.beta, degr.e of low.r.ur.nar. tr.ct sym.tom. as pr.dictor. of er.ctile dysfunction in benign pr.static hyper.lasia patients

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Asian Jour.al of Ur.logy 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： Gede w.K.Duar.a Yer.m.a G.Kusum.h r.nald Sugianto Pande m.w.Tir.ayasa Tjokor.a G.B.m.hadew. Depar.m.nt of Ur.logy Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Depar.m.nt of Gener.l Sur.er. Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia m.dical Doctor.Study Pr.gr.m Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Depar.m.nt of Ur.logy Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Depar.m.nt of Neur.sur.er. Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Er.ctile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile er.ction, consistently or.r.cur.ently, for.sexual activity. Tum.r.necr.sis factor.alpha (TNF-α) induces tr.nsfor.ing gr.w.h factor.beta (TGF-β), w.ich causes the tr.nsition of epithelial cells into m.senchym.l cells that affect ED. This study aim.d to evaluate the r.les of TNF-α, TGF-β, degr.e of low.r.ur.nar. tr.ct sym.tom., and pr.static volum. for.the pr.sence of ED in benign pr.static hyper.lasia (BPH) ***: Our.study per.or.ed an analytic obser.ational r.tr.spective cohor. study using secondar. data fr.m.four.hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including m.dical r.cor.s and other.adm.nistr.tive data. The sam.le w.s BPH patients w.th sever.l histor. ***: Our.sam.le w.s 83 r.spondents, r.nging fr.m.50 year. to 80 year., 61 r.spondents w.th ED and 22 w.th non-ED. The Inter.ational Pr.state Sym.tom.Scor. show.d a significant r.sult, w.ich indicates that ED is m.r. com.on in patients w.th higher.Inter.ational Pr.state Sym.tom.Scor. (p=0.002). m.r.over. the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/m. and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/m. w.r. significantly associated w.th the pr.sence of ED in BPH patients (pr.sults, pr.state volum. is not significant w.th ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and low.r.ur.nar. tr.ct sym.tom. sever.ty can pr.dict the occur.ence of ED in BPH, w.ile pr.static volum. w.s not significant.

关键词： Pr.state enlar.em.nt Biom.r.er Er.ctiledysfunction r.skfactor

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r.dioisotope pr.duction using laser.:Fr.m.basic science to applications

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m.tter.and r.diation at Extr.m.s 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： m.r.D.r.dr.gues A.Bonaser. m.Scisciò J.A.Pér.z-Her.ández m.Ehr.t F.Filippi P.L.Andr.oli m.Huault H.Lar.eur.D.Singappuli D.m.lloy D.r.ffestin m.Alonzo G.G.r.pisar.a D.Lattuada G.L.Guar.o C.Ver.na Fe.Consoli G.Petr.nga A.m.Nam.e m.La Cognata S.Palm.r.ni T.Car.ier. m.Cipr.ani G.Di Gior.io G.Cr.stofar. r.De Angelis G.A.P.Cir.one D.m.r.ar.ne L.Giuffr.da D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani r.Ler. L.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agar.al m.Kr.pka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotr.n Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Labor.tor. Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centr. de Láser.s Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Univer.idad de Salam.nca SalamancaSpain Centr. Laser. Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Ener.y Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of m.them.tics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipar.im.nto di Fisica e Astr.nom.a“E.m.jor.na ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegner.a e Ar.hitettur. Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipar.im.nto di Ingegner.a Industr.ale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipar.im.nto di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nuclear. Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beam.ines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipar.im.nto Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academ. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasm. Physics of Czech Academ. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discover. of chir.ed pulse am.lification has led to gr.at im.r.vem.nts in laser.technology,enabling ener.etic laser.beam. to be com.r.ssed to pulse dur.tions of tens of fem.oseconds and focused to a few.*** w.th ener.ies of tens of m.V can be acceler.ted using,for.instance,tar.et nor.al sheath acceler.tion and focused on secondar. *** such conditions,nuclear.r.actions can occur.w.th the pr.duction of r.dioisotopes suitable for.m.dical *** use of high-r.petition laser. to pr.duce such isotopes is com.etitive w.th conventional m.thods m.stly based on *** this paper.w. study the pr.duction of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,w.ich ar. cur.ently used in positr.n em.ssion tom.gr.phy and other.*** the sam. tim.,w. study the r.actions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put fur.her.constr.ints on the pr.ton distr.butions at differ.nt angles,as w.ll as the r.action^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be r.levant for.ener.y *** exper.m.nt w.s per.or.ed at the 1 Pw.laser.facility at VegaⅢin Salam.nca,*** distr.butions of r.dioisotopes in the for.ar.(w.th r.spect to the laser.dir.ction)and backw.r. dir.ctions w.r. m.asur.d using a high pur.ty ger.anium.*** r.sults ar. in r.asonable agr.em.nt w.th num.r.cal estim.tes obtained follow.ng the appr.ach of Kim.r. and Bonaser.[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： pur.ty estim.tes backw.r.

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Tw.nning aspects and their.efficient r.les in w.0}ught m. alloys:A com.r.hensive r.view

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Jour.al of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2201-2230页

作者： S.S.A.Shah m.nping Liu Azim.Khan Far.oq Ahm.d m.r.Abdullah Xingquan Zhang Shiw.i Xu Zhen Peng School of m.ter.als Science and Engineer.ng Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of m.chanical Engineer.ng Anhui University of TechnologyMáanshan 243002China College of m.chanical and Vehicle Engineer.ng Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Tw.nning is w.dely r.cognized as an effective and cost-efficient m.thod for.contr.lling the m.cr.str.ctur. and pr.per.ies of w.0}ught m.gnesium.m.)***,tw.ns play a cr.cial r.le in initiating dynam.c r.cr.stallization(Dr.),w.ile tw.n r.gions exper.ence r.pid r.cr.stallization dur.ng static r.cr.stallization(Sr.).The activation of tw.nning can lead to changes in lattice or.entation,significantly im.acting the final textur. in m. *** active r.les of tw.nning ar. influenced by var.ous factor. dur.ng the activation pr.cess,and the m.bility of tw.n boundar.es(TB)can be am.lified by str.ss effects,dislocation inter.ctions,and ther.al ***,annealing tr.atm.nts that involve pr.per.segr.gation or.pr.cipitation on TBs ser.e to stabilize them.r.str.ining their.*** such as segr.gation m.y also alter.the tw.nning pr.pensity in m.gnesium.r.r. ear.h(m.-r.)***{10–11}contr.ction tw.ns(CT)and{10–11}-{10–12}double tw.ns(DT)can pr.m.te dynam.c r.cr.stallization(Dr.),they also pose a r.sk as potential sour.es of voids and ***,under.tanding the nucleation and gr.w.h m.chanism. of tw.nning is cr.cial,and these aspects ar. br.efly r.view.d in this *** the factor. m.ntioned above,this ar.icle sum.ar.zes the r.cent r.sear.h pr.gr.ss in this field,shedding light on advancem.nts in r.cent er.s.

关键词： m. alloys Tw.nning r.cr.stallization Textur. m.chanical pr.per.ies

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m.cr.plastic Im.acts on Gr.enhouse Gases Em.ssions in Ter.estr.al Ecosystem.

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 64-80页

作者： Tazeen Fatim. Khan m. m. Golam.r.bbani Depar.m.nt of Soil Water and Environment University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Lancaster.Envir.nm.nt Centr. University of Lancaster Lancaster UK

m.cr.plastics can influence global clim.te change by r.gulating the em.ssions of gr.enhouse gases fr.m.differ.nt ecosystem.. The effects of m.cr.plastics in ter.estr.al ecosystem. ar. still not w.ll studied par.icular.y gr.enhouse gases em.ssions. Thus, w. conducted a labor.tor. exper.m.nt over.a per.od of 90 days w.th tw. types of m.cr.plastics (differ.ng in their.chem.cal str.ctur.), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low.density polyethylene (LDPE), w.ich w.r. applied to the soil at a r.te of 0% to 0.1% (w.w.. The over.r.hing aim.w.s to investigate the effects of m.cr.plastic type, m.cr.plastic concentr.tion and days of exposur. on gr.enhouse gases em.ssions. w. also used or.ginal and ar.ificially w.ather.d m.cr.plastics (the sam. HDPE and LDPE) to m.ke a com.ar.son of gr.enhouse gases em.ssions betw.en the or.ginal m.cr.plastics tr.ated soils and the soils tr.ated w.th w.ather.d m.cr.plastics. Our.findings show.d that HDPE and LDPE m.cr.plastics significantly incr.ased the em.ssions of gr.enhouse gases fr.m.the soil than that of the contr.l soils. Em.ssions w.r. incr.ased w.th the incr.ases in the level of m.cr.plastic in the soil. The w.ather.d m.cr.plastic em.tted gr.ater.quantity of gr.enhouse gases com.ar.d to that of the or.ginal m.cr.plastics. In contr.st to a low.initial em.ssion quantity, the em.ssions w.r. gr.dually incr.ased at the ter.ination of the exper.m.nt. Our.exper.m.nt on the em.ssions of gr.enhouse gases fr.m.the soil vis-à-vis m.cr.plastic additions indicated that the m.cr.plastic incr.ased the em.ssions of gr.enhouse gases in ter.estr.al ecosystem., and per.asive m.cr.plastic im.acts m.y have consequences for.the global clim.te change. Gr.enhouse gases em.ssions fr.m.the soil not only depend on the type and concentr.tion of the m.cr.plastic, but also on the days of exposur. to the m.cr.plastic.

关键词： m.cr.plastic Clim.te Change Gr.enhouse Gas Type Concentr.tion

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Fur.her.Studies of the Cap Pushing r.sponse in Honey Bees (Apis m.llifer.)

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Natur.l Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： r.ley J. w.ncheski Kir. Li N. Stauch Laur. m. Gr.ssner.m.ya B. Zepeda Jam.s w. Gr.ce Char.es I. Abr.m.on Depar.m.nt of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Labor.tor. of Com.ar.tive Psychology and Behavior.l Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Depar.m.nt of Ear.h and Envir.nm.ntal Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing r.sponse (CPr. is a fr.e-flying technique used to study lear.ing and m.m.r. in honey bees (Apis m.llifer.). The ser.es of exper.m.nts outlined in this paper.aim.d to test w.ether.honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPr.in a w.ight differ.ntiation par.digm. Five pr.vious exper.m.nts in our.labor.tor. have explor.d w.ether.the concept of expectancy can account for.honey bee per.or.ance and have all failed to suppor. the cognitive inter.r.tation. The fir.t exper.m.nt exam.ned if bees could differ.ntiate betw.en the tw. caps in the am.unt of for.e they used to push the cap and the distance the cap w.s pushed w.en the caps w.r. pr.sented one at a tim.. The second exper.m.nt explor.d cap w.ight pr.fer.nce by pr.senting bees w.th a choice betw.en the tw. caps. The thir. and four.h exper.m.nts tested the bee’s ability to expect r.w.r. or.punishm.nt based on cap w.ight. r.sults r.vealed that bees w.r. found to have a str.ng pr.fer.nce for.the light cap and ther.for. w.r. not able to expect r.w.r. or.punishm.nt based on cap w.ight. These exper.m.nts contr.bute to the debate on w.ether.bees have “cognitive” r.pr.sentations and continue to suppor. the behavior.st inter.r.tation.

关键词： Apis m.llifer. Cap Pushing r.sponse Cognition Lear.ing

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Ther. is m.r. to the knee joint than just the quadr.ceps:A system.tic r.view.w.th m.ta-analysis and evidence gap m.p of ham.tr.ng str.ngth,flexibility,and m.r.hology in individuals w.th gr.dual-onset knee disor.er.

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder.S.Lopes m.r.na C.w.item.n Liliam.B.Pr.or. Neal r.Glaviano David m.Bazett-Jones r.naldo V.Br.ani Fabio m.Azevedo School of Science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Depar.m.nt of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA School of Exer.ise and r.habilitation Sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

Backgr.und:Im.air.ents in ham.tr.ng str.ngth,flexibility,and m.r.hology have been associated w.th alter.d knee biom.chanics,pain,and *** the pr.sence of these im.air.ents in individuals w.th gr.dual-onset knee disor.er. is im.or.ant and m.y indicate tar.ets for.assessm.nt and *** system.tic r.view.aim.d to synthesize the liter.tur. to deter.ine the pr.sence of im.air.ents in ham.tr.ng str.ngth,flexibility,and m.r.hology in individuals w.th gr.dual-onset knee ***:Five databases(m.DLINE,Em.ase,CINAHL,SPOr.Discus,and w.b of Science)w.r. sear.hed fr.m.inception to Septem.er.*** studies com.ar.ng ham.tr.ng outcom.s(e.g.,str.ngth,flexibility,and/or.m.r.hology)betw.en individuals w.th gr.dual-onset knee disor.er. and their.unaffected lim.s or.pain-fr.e contr.ls w.r. ***-analyses for.each knee disor.er.w.r. ***-level cer.ainty w.s assessed using the Gr.ding of r.com.endations Assessm.nt,Developm.nt,and Evaluation,and evidence gap m.ps w.r. ***:Seventy-nine studies acr.ss 4 differ.nt gr.dual-onset knee disor.er.(i.e.,knee osteoar.hr.tis(OA),patellofem.r.l pain(PFP),chondr.m.lacia patellae,and patellar.tendinopathy)w.r. *** w.th knee OA pr.sented w.th r.duced ham.tr.ng str.ngth com.ar.d to pain-fr.e contr.ls dur.ng isom.tr.c(standar. m.an differ.nce(Sm.)=-0.76,95%confidence inter.al(95%CI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentr.c contr.ctions(Sm.=-0.97,95%CI:-1.49 to-0.45).Individuals w.th PFP pr.sented w.th r.duced ham.tr.ng str.ngth com.ar.d to painfr.e contr.ls dur.ng isom.tr.c(Sm.=-0.48,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentr.c(Sm.=-1.07,95%CI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentr.c contr.ctions(Sm.=-0.59,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differ.nces w.r. obser.ed in individuals w.th patellar.*** w.th PFP pr.sented w.th r.duced ham.tr.ng flexibility w.en com.ar.d to pain-fr.e contr.ls(Sm.=-0.76,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap m.ps identified insufficient evidence for.chondr.m.lacia patel

关键词： Chondr.m.lacia patellae Knee flexor. Knee osteoar.hr.tis Patellar.tendinopathy Patellofem.r.l pain

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