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Hack's law of debr.s-flow basins

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Sediment r.sear.h 2009年第1期24卷 74-87页

作者： Lee c. F BeIGHLeY r. e Depar.ment of civil engineer.ng The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road 2. Director Soil Erosion Research Laboratory Depar.ment of civil Construction and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University

Hack’s law was or.ginally der.ved fr.m basin statistics for.var.ed spatial scales and r.gions. The exponent value of the law has been shown to var. between 0.47 and 0.70,causing uncer.ainty in its application. This paper.focuses on the emer.ence of Hack’s law fr.m debr.s-flow basins in china. Over.5,000 debr.s-flow basins in differ.nt r.gions of china with dr.inage ar.as less than 100km2 ar. included in this study. Basins in the differ.nt r.gions ar. found to pr.sent similar.distr.butions. Hack’s law is der.ved fr.m maximum pr.bability and conditional distr.butions,suggesting that the law should descr.be some cr.tical state of basin evolution. r.sults suggest the exponent value is appr.ximately 0.5. Fur.her.analysis indicates that Hack’s law is r.lated to other.scaling laws under.ying the evolution of a basin and that the exponent is not dependent on basin shape but r.ther.on the evolutionar. stage. A case study of a well known debr.s-flow basin fur.her.confir.s Hack’s law and its implications in basin evolution.

关键词： Debr.s-flow basins Hack’s law Scaling laws Basin evolution

A Pr.me Submodu.e Pr.nciple

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Algebr. colloquium 2014年第4期21卷 697-710页

作者： r. Nekooei e. r.stami Depar.ment of Mathematics Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran

In this paper. we extend the concept of Ako and Ol~ families to submodu.es, study the behavior.of the extended pr.me submodu.e pr.nciple and use these concepts to give new pr.ofs of some familiar.theor.ms.

关键词： pr.me submodu.es multiplication modu.es Ako and Oka families str.nglyAko and str.ngly Oka

NASH eQUILIBr.A WITHOUT cONTINUITY OF THe cHOIce r.LeS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2011年第4期31卷 1535-1540页

作者： José c. r. Alcantud Facultad de economía y empr.sa Universidad de Salamanca Campus Miguel de Unamuno E 37007 Salamanca

The pr.posal in Alcantud and Alo′s-Fer.er.[1], wher. player. that expr.ss their.tastes accor.ing to choice r.les facing a competitive situation, is fur.her.exploited her.. We pr.ve that, under.lack of continuity of the choice r.les it is also possible to ensur. the existence of equilibr.um. We shall appeal to gener.l situations that ar. fulfilled by well-established models, wher. player. have non-tr.nsitive pr.fer.nces of var.ous types.

关键词： Nash equilibr.um choice r.les continuity Kakutani’s theor.m

Multisensor.Data Fusion for.High Quality Data Analysis and Pr.cessing in Measur.ment and Instr.mentation

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Jour.al of Bionic engineer.ng 2007年第1期4卷 53-62页

作者： Yan-bo Huang Yu-bin Lan W. c. Hoffmann r. e. Lacey USDA Ar. Agr.cultur.l engineer Areawide Pest Management Research Unit Texas 77845 USA Biological and A g r.cultur.l engineer.ng Depar.ment Texas A ＆M University Texas 77843-2117 USA

Multisensor.data fusion （MDF） is an emer.ing technology to fuse data fr.m multiple sensor. in or.er.to make a mor. accur.te estimation of the envir.nment thr.ugh measur.ment and detection. Applications of MDF cr.ss a wide spectr.m in militar. and civilian ar.as. With the r.pid evolution of computer. and the pr.lifer.tion of micr.-mechanical/electr.cal systems sensor., the utilization of MDF is being popular.zed in r.sear.h and applications. This paper.focuses on application of MDF for.high quality data analysis and pr.cessing in measur.ment and instr.mentation. A pr.ctical, gener.l data fusion scheme was established on the basis of featur. extr.ction and mer.e of data fr.m multiple sensor.. This scheme integr.tes ar.ificial neur.l networ.s for.high per.or.ance patter. r.cognition. A number.of successful applications in ar.as of NDI （Non-Destr.ctive Inspection） cor.osion detection, food quality and safety char.cter.zation, and pr.cision agr.cultur. ar. descr.bed and discussed in or.er.to motivate new applications in these or.other.ar.as. This paper.gives an over.ll pictur. of using the MDF method to incr.ase the accur.cy of data analysis and pr.cessing in measur.ment and instr.mentation in differ.nt ar.as of applications.

关键词： multisensor.data fusion ar.ificial neur.l networ.s NDI food quality and safety char.cter.zation pr.cision agr.cultur.

Or.anor.enium(Ⅶ) oxides

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r.r. Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 411-421页

作者： KüHN Fr.tz e. JAIN Kavita r. Depar.ment für.chemie der.Technischen Univer.itt München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85747 Garching bei München Germany

Methyltr.oxor.enium (MTO) and its der.vatives wer. utilized as catalysts for.a br.ad var.ety of or.anic r.actions after.the discover. of an easy synthetic access way to this class of compounds. Among the numer.us char.cter.zation techniques, 17O-NMr.spectr.scopy and vibr.tional spectr.scopy wer. exemplar. discussed. The immobilization of MTO and its der.vatives is of significant cur.ent inter.st as is the synthesis of chir.l der.vatives.

关键词： catalysis epoxidation immobilization olefination r.enium

The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

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cur.ent Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 475-488页

作者： chr.stopher.e. OUFIer. Katr.na r. WHITLOW Depar.ment of Biological Sciences Towson University Towson MD 21252 USA

Fish have a r.mar.able amount of var.ation in their.swimming per.or.ance, fr.m within species dif- fer.nces to diver.ity among major.taxonomic gr.ups. Fish swimming is a complex, integr.tive phenotype and has the ability to plastically r.spond to a myr.ad of envir.nmental changes. The plasticity of fish swimming has been obser.ed on whole-or.anismal tr.its such as bur.t speed or.cr.tical swimming speed, as well as under.ying phenotypes such as muscle fiber.types, kinematics, car.iovascular.system, and neur.nal pr.cesses. Whether.the plastic r.sponses of fish swimming ar. beneficial seems to depend on the envir.nmental var.able that is changing. For.example, because of the effects of temper.tur. on biochemical pr.cesses, alter.tions of fish swimming in r.sponse to tem- per.tur. do not seem to be beneficial. In contr.st, changes in fish swimming in r.sponse to var.ation in flow may benefit the fish to maintain position in the water.column. In this paper. we examine how this plasticity in fish swimming might evolve, focusing on envir.nmental var.ables that have r.ceived the most attention： temper.tur., habitat, dissolved oxygen, and car.on dioxide var.ation. Using examples fr.m pr.vious r.sear.h, we highlight many of the ways fish swimming can plastic- ally r.spond to envir.nmental var.ation and discuss potential avenues of futur. r.sear.h aimed at under.tanding how plasticity of fish swimming might evolve. We consider.the dir.ct and indir.ct ef- fects of envir.nmental var.ation on swimming per.or.ance, including changes in swimming kine- matics and subor.anismal tr.its thought to pr.dict swimming per.or.ance. We also discuss the r.le of the evolution of plasticity in shaping macr.evolutionar. patter.s of diver.ity in fish swimming.

关键词： envir.nmental var.ation evolution fish phenotypic plasticity swimming kinematics swimming per.or.ance.

effects of absolute fasting on r.pr.0}ction and sur.ival of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in its native r.nge

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cur.ent Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 369-375页

作者： Nicolas e. TAMBUr. Pablo r. MAr.IN INBIOSUr.(UNS-cONIceT) Universidad Nacional del Sur Departamento de Biologla Bioquimica y Farmacia San Juan 670 8000 Bahia Blanca Argentina

A South Amer.can fr.shwater.gastr.pod, the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, has become a dr.ver.of ecosystemic changes in wetlands and an impor.ant r.ce pest after.its intr.0}ction to var.ous par.s of the wor.d, mainly Asia. The objective of this study was to study the effect of an abr.pt inter.uption in food availability in the shor. ter. （up to 4 weeks） and long ter. （up to 8 months） on sur.ival and r.- pr.0}ctive activity. The main r.sults indicate that shor.-ter. fasting mainly affects the sur.ival of males, but only when they ar. r.ised together.with females, pr.bably due to a gr.ater.mate-sear.hing activity that incr.ases mor.ality in the individuals with lower.r.ser.es. The number.of copulating snails or.egg-laying females shows an abr.pt dr.p when fasting and a r.pid r.cover. after.the food supply is r.stor.d. The str.tegy of discontinuing r.pr.0}ctive activity pr.or.tizes ener.y conser.ation for.the sur.ival of the females. Inter.opulation var.ation in r.sistance to star.ation was obser.ed in adults, which can be explained to some extent by the food availability that they exper.enced in their.natur.l envir.nment. No inter.opulational differ.nces in sur.ival wer. seen in hatchlings. The mean maximum values of sur.ival under.star.ation wer. 52.6 days in hatchlings and the 3.3% of adults sur.ive over.than 200 days, which may be a r.levant tr.it in disper.al and establishment in new habitats.

关键词： absolute fasting r.pr.0}ction invasive apple

Synthesis of a copper.Ⅱ) oxide–montmor.llonite composite for.lead r.moval

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Miner.ls,Metallur.y and Mater.als 2019年第7期26卷 803-810页

作者： Davidson e. egir.ni Nanfe r. Poyi Napoleon Wessey Faculty of Science Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria Niger.an Institute of Mining and Geosciences Jos Nigeria

The synthesis of a copper.II) oxide–montmor.llonite composite and its application in the r.moval of lead(II) ions in solution wer. investigated. The Acr.s Or.anics (AcOr. montmor.llonite was activated using potassium hydr.xide solution. The activated AcOr.montmor.llonite was titr.ted with copper.II) nitr.te solution to pr.0} the copper.II) oxide–montmor.llonite composite. Adsor.tion exper.ments wer. conducted using batch-mode techniques under.r.ducing conditions at ambient temper.tur.. The r.action mechanism indicated a higher.pr.ton coefficient, gr.ater.intr.par.icle diffusion, and higher.mass tr.nsfer.r.tes compar.d with those achieved with bar. montmor.llonite. The intr.par.icle diffusion constant der.ved fr.m the slope was 2.93^-3 (mg·g^–1·min^–0.5), and the inter.ept c was 9.86,≠ 0. In the pr.sence of a cuO coating, the adsor.tion efficiency was 85.55% at pH 4 and 89.62% at pH 7. Ther.for., the copper.II) oxide-montmor.llonite composite, as a novel adsor.ent with a ver. high adsor.tion capacity, exhibited substantially enhanced adsor.tion of Pb^2+ ions compar.d with bar. montmor.llonite.

关键词： activation adsor.tion kinetics aging coatings copper oxide montmor.llonite

Infuence of elemental composition in envir.nmental impacts of steel

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Jour.al of Ir.n and Steel r.sear.h Inter.ational 2020年第5期27卷 598-607页

作者： e.Batuecas c.Mayo r.Diaz F.J.Per.z Ther.al and Fluid engineer.ng Depar.ment Carlos III University of Madrid28911 LeganesMadridSpain chemical and Mater.als engineer.ng Depar.ment Complutense University of Madrid28040 MadridSpain Technical Sciences and engineer.ng UDIMA University28400 Collado VillalbaMadridSpain。

The envir.nmental behavior.of four.steels was *** the oper.tion phase of concentr.ting solar.power.plants,steels withstand high temper.tur. because of its contact with molten ***,choosing the steel type for.the molten salt tanks r.mains a gr.at *** the cold tank,car.on steel is usually used although an appr.ach with low chr.mium content steel is being studied for.these ***,in high temper.tur. applications,such as hot stor. tank,austenitic stainless steel is the most fr.quent ***,fer.itic steel is being consider.d as a pr.mising mater.al in these *** many r.sear.her. studied the steel technical pr.per.ies without consider.ng their.envir.nmental damages,this wor. aimed to intr.0} the envir.nmental aspects into the mater.al choice by using the life cycle assessment *** one hand,the r.sults showed the envir.nmental adequacy of car.on steel against low chr.mium content *** the other.hand,the r.sults obtained in those steels suitable in high temper.tur. application r.vealed signifcant envir.nmental benefts fr.m the fer.itic steel instead of the austenitic steel.

关键词： r.newable ener.y concentr.ting solar.power Life cycle assessment Molten salt Fer.itic steel Austenitic steel