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Speed and sur.ace steepness affect inter.al tibial loading dur.ng r.nning

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah r.ce Mar.us Kur. Patr.ck Mai Leon r.ber.z kevin Bill Timothy r.Der.ick Steffen Willwacher Depar.ment of Physical Per.or.ance Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Spor.s Tech r.sear.h Centr. Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Depar.ment of Mechanical and Pr.cess Engineer.ng Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biomechanics and Or.hopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Depar.ment of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Backgr.und:Inter.al tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factor. with implications for.the r.sk of str.ss *** encounter.var.ed sur.ace steepness(gr.dients)when r.nning outdoor. and may adapt their.speed accor.ing to the *** study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and str.ss at the anter.or.and poster.or.per.pher.es when r.nning at differ.nt speeds on sur.aces of differ.nt ***:Twenty r.cr.ational r.nner. r.n on a tr.admill at 3 differ.nt speeds(2.5 m/s,3.0 m/s,and 3.5 m/s)and gr.dients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).For.e and mar.er.data wer. collected synchr.nously *** moments wer. estimated at the distal thir. centr.id of the tibia about the medial-later.l axis by ensur.ng static equilibr.um at each 1%of *** was der.ved fr.m bending moments at the anter.or.and poster.or.per.pher.es by modeling the tibia as a hollow ***-way r.peated-measur.s analysis of var.ance wer. conducted using both functional and discr.te statistical ***:Ther. wer. significant main effects for.r.nning speed and gr.dient on peak bending moments and peak anter.or.and poster.or.*** r.nning speeds r.sulted in gr.ater.tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%r.sulted in gr.ater.tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%r.sulted in r.duced tibial loading compar.d to level *** was no differ.nce between+5%or.5%and level ***:r.nning at faster.speeds and uphill on gr.dients≥+10%incr.ased inter.al tibial loading,wher.as slower.r.nning and downhill r.nning on gr.dients≥-10%r.duced inter.al *** r.nning speed accor.ing to the gr.dient could be a pr.tective mechanism,pr.viding r.nner. with a str.tegy to minimize the r.sk of tibial str.ss injur.es.

关键词： Bending moments Gr.dient Musculoskeletal modeling Over.se injur. Tibial str.ss Tr.ining factor.

Neur.n-to-astr.cyte pr.teostatic str.ss signaling in r.sponse to tau pathology

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第3期19卷 505-506页

作者： kevin Llewelyn Batenbur. Wiep Scheper Amster.am UMC location Vr.je Univer.iteit Amster.am Department of Human GeneticsAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands Depar.ment of Functional Genomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Maintenance of pr.tein homeostasis or.pr.teostasis”is essential for.the functioning and viability of *** is in par.icular.the case for.cells like neur.ns that cannot self-r.new and acquir. unique functional pr.per.ies dur.ng their.*** pr.teostatic str.ss r.sponses ar. in place to pr.tect cells fr.m damage in case of pr.teostatic *** integr.ted str.ss r.sponse(ISr.is one of the key pr.teostatic str.ss r.sponses in the cell(Costa-Mattioli and Walter.2020).The ISr.is the downstr.am conver.ence point for.the four.str.ss-induced eIF2αkinases(EIF2AK1-4)that contr.l str.ss-r.gulated pr.tein tr.nslation via phosphor.lation of the tr.nslation factor.eIF2α.ISr.activation r.sults in a tr.nsient r.duction of global tr.nslation while it concomitantly enhances the tr.nslation of specific mr.As,including that encoding the activating tr.nscr.ption factor.4(ATF4).Together.the tr.nslational contr.l mediated by the ISr.r.sults in a tempor.r. r.duction of the over.ll pr.tein load and the selectively incr.ased expr.ssion of pr.teins that contr.bute to r.stor.tion of the pr.teostatic balance.

关键词： tr.nslation str.ss Together

High temper.tur. defor.ation and r.cr.stallization behavior.of magnesium bicr.stals with 90°<1010>and 90°<1120>tilt gr.in boundar.es

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Jour.al of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 625-638页

作者： kevin Bissa Talal Al-Samman Dmitr. A.Molodov Institute of Physical Metallur.y and Mater.als Physics RWTH Aachen University52056 AachenGermany Inter.ational r.sear.h Or.anization for.Advanced Science and Technology(Ir.AST) Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto 860-8555Japan

The defor.ation mechanisms and dynamic r.cr.stallization(Dr.)behavior.of specifically gr.wn bicr.stals with a symmetr.c 90°and 90°tilt gr.in boundar.,r.spectively,wer. investigated under.defor.ation in plane str.in compr.ssion at 200℃and 400℃.The micr.str.ctur.s wer. analyzed by panor.mic optical micr.scopy and lar.e-ar.a electr.n backscatter.diffr.ction(EBSD)or.entation *** analysis employed a meticulous appr.ach utilizing hundr.ds of individual,small EBSD maps with a small step size that wer. stitched together.to pr.vide compr.hensive access to or.entation and misor.entation data on a macr.scopic *** slip pr.mar.ly gover.ed the ear.y stages of defor.ation at the two temper.tur.s,and the r.sulting shear.induced lattice r.tation ar.und the tr.nsver.e dir.ction(TD)of the *** existence of the gr.in boundar. gave r.se to dislocation pile-up in its vicinity,leading to much lar.er.TD-lattice r.tations within the boundar. r.gion compar.d to the *** incr.asing temper.tur.,the defor.ation was gener.lly mor. unifor. towar.s the bulk due to enhanced dislocation mobility and mor. unifor. str.ss *** r.cr.stallization at 200℃was initiated in{1011}-compr.ssion twins at str.ins of 40%and *** 400℃,Dr. consumed the entir. gr.in boundar. r.gion and gr.dually r.placed the defor.ed micr.str.ctur. with pr.gr.ssing *** r.cr.stallized gr.ins displayed char.cter.stic or.entations,such that their.c-axes wer. per.endicular.to the TD and additionally scatter.d between 0°and 60°fr.m the loading *** r.cr.stallized gr.ins displayed mutual r.tations of up to 30°ar.und the c-axes of the initial gr.ins,for.ing a discer.ible basal fiber.textur. component,pr.minently visible in the{1120}pole *** is notewor.hy that the defor.ation and Dr. behavior. of the two analyzed bicr.stals exhibited mar.inal var.ations in r.sponse to str.in and defor.ation temper.tur..

关键词： Elevated defor.ation temper.tur.s Plain str.in compr.ssion Magnesium bicr.stals Panor.ma EBSD Dynamic r.cr.stallization

Injur. and pr.tection of spir.l ganglion neur.ns

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Chinese Medical Jour.al 2024年第6期137卷 651-656页

作者： Beilei Duan kevin A.Peng Line Wang Depar.ment of Otor.inolar.ngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Depar.ment of Neur.tology House ClinicLos AngelesCA 90017USA

Cochlear.spir.l ganglion neur.ns(SGNs)ar. bipolar.ganglion cells and ar. the fir.t neur.ns in the auditor. tr.nsduction *** tr.nsmit complex acoustic infor.ation fr.m hair.cells to second-or.er.sensor. neur.ns in the cochlear.nucleus for.sound *** to SGNs causes lar.ely ir.ever.ible hear.ng impair.ent because these neur.ns ar. highly differ.ntiated cells and cannot r.gener.te,making tr.atment of sensor.neur.l hear.ng loss(SNHL)ar.sing fr.m SGN injur. *** exposed to ototoxic dr.gs or.damaging levels of noise or.when ther. is loss of neur.tr.phic factor.(NTFs),aging,and pr.sence of other.factor.,SGNs can be ir.ever.ibly damaged,r.sulting in *** has been found that NTFs and stem cells can induce r.gener.tion among dead spir.l ganglion *** this paper.we summar.zed the pr.sent knowledge r.gar.ing injur.,pr.tection,and r.gener.tion of SGNs.

关键词： Spir.l ganglion Injur. Pr.tection Auditor. hair.cell Ototoxic dr.gs Aminoglycosides Pr.sbycusis

Disulfir.m’s Antineoplastic Effects on Ovar.an Cancer

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Jour.al of Cancer.Ther.py 2015年第14期6卷 1196-1205页

作者： Youssef A. r.zk Kun Yang Shoumei Bai Kar.n Mclean Car.lyn Johnston r. kevin reynolds r.nald J. Buckanovich Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Division of Hematology Oncology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Objective: Aldehyde dehydr.genase (ALDH) enzymatic activity identifies ovar.an cancer.stem-like cells. We investigated the antineoplastic activity of the ALDH inhibitor.Disulfir.m on bulk ovar.an cancer.cells and CD133+/ALDH+ cancer.stem-like cells. Study Design: Ovar.an cancer.cell lines, human ovar.an sur.ace epithelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells wer. tr.ated with incr.asing concentr.tions of Disulfir.m and/or.Cisplatin in vitr.. Tr.ated cells wer. assessed for.viability or.FACS-analyzed for.either.per.entage of ovar.an cancer.stem-like cells or.induction of apoptosis. Disulfir.m’s impact on cancer.stem-like cells was tested in vitr. using tumor.spher. for.ation assays and in vivo using tumor.initiation assays with in vitr.-tr.ated A2780 cells in NSG mice. Finally, Disulfir.m’s in vivo activity was assessed ver.us CD133+/ALDH+ cell-initiated tumor.xenogr.fts. r.sults: Disulfir.m demonstr.ted antineoplastic activity against multiple ovar.an cancer.cell lines. While Disulfir.m had limited in vitr. toxicity against human ovar.an sur.ace epithelial cells or.mesenchymal stem cells (IC50 of ~15 μM and >30 μM, r.spectively), its antineoplastic activity against cell lines was compar.ble to Cisplatin (IC50 ~1.5 μM). Disulfir.m-mediated cell death was due, at least in par., to induction of apoptosis. Disulfir.m activity was additive with chemother.py. Disulfir.m demonstr.ted selective depletion of CD44+ cells but not the CD133+ cancer.stem-like cells. Disulfir.m had no ther.peutic impact on tumor.initiation studies or.in vivo ther.py of whole cell line or.stem cell-initiated tumor.xenogr.fts. Conclusions: In biologically r.levant concentr.tions, Disulfir.m has clear.antineoplastic activity against ovar.an cancer.cells in vitr.. Disulfir.m selectively depleted CD44+ but not CD133+ ovar.an cancer.stem-like cells in vitr.. However. Disulfir.m had no significant activity in vivo. Thus, impr.ved and mor. selective ALDH inhibitor. may be r.quir.d to tar.et ovar.an cancer.s

关键词： Antineoplastic ALDH Disulfir.m NSG Mice Ovar.an Cancer Stem Cells

Or.hogonal polynomial expansions for.the valuation ofoptions under.the stochastic volatility models with stochastic cor.elation

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Jour.al of Management Science and Engineer.ng 2024年第2期9卷 239-253页

作者： kevin Z.Tong Depar.ment of Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa585 King EdwardOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

This wor. pr.vides a new method for.pr.cing options under.the gener.lized stochastic volatility models with Jacobi stochastic *** method is based on the obser.ation that the gener.lized models belong to the class of polynomial diffusions and ther.for. the option pr.ces can be efficiently computed via or.hogonal polynomial *** take the Heston and Schöbel-Zhu models with stochastic cor.elation as two specific examples and ar. able to der.ve the analytical for.ulas for.the option *** also illustr.te the accur.cy of the pr.posed method thr.ugh a number.of numer.cal exper.ments.

关键词： Or.hogonal polynomial expansions Polynomial diffusions Stochastic cor.elation Jacobi pr.cess Stochastic volatility

Neur.lithogr.phy:Lithogr.phy as an enabling technology in neur.logy and neur.science

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第2期22卷 15-18页

作者： kevin Zhai Depar.ment of Medical Education Weill Cornell Medicine-QatarP.O.Box 24144DohaQatar

Moder. lithogr.phy,which enables the fabr.cation of complex str.ctur.s in biomedical devices with exceptional pr.cision,is a potentially tr.nsfor.ative for.e in the neur.l *** such as photolithogr.phy,electr.n beam lithogr.phy,and soft lithogr.phy have been utilized to pr.duce devices that guide neur.nal gr.wth and differ.ntiation and measur. electr.physiological signals at the single-cell *** the clinical spher.,lithogr.phy plays a r.le in the manufactur.ng of devices for.deep br.in stimulation,br.in-computer.inter.ace,and ***,we br.efly r.view the applications of lithogr.phy in basic and tr.nslational neur.science and clinical neur.logy,with an eye towar. futur. advancement.

关键词： Lithogr.phy Neur.lithogr.phy Semiconductor. Micr.fluidics Neur.l devices

An Efficient Smoothing and Thr.sholding Image Segmentation Fr.mewor. with Weighted Anisotr.pic-lsotr.picTotalVar.ation

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1369-1405页

作者： kevin Bui Yifei Lou Fr.dr.ck Par. Jack Xin Depar.ment of Mathematics University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCA 92697-3875USA Depar.ment of Mathematics University of North CarolinaChapel HillChapel HillNC 27599.USA Depar.ment of Mathematics and Computer.Science Whittier CollegeWhittierCA 90602USA

In this paper.we design an efficient,multi-stage image segmentation fr.mewor. that incor.or.tes a weighted differ.nce of anisotr.pic and isotr.pic total var.ation(AITV).The segmentation fr.mewor. gener.lly consists of two stages:smoothing and thr.sholding,thus r.fer.ed to as smoothing-and-thr.sholding(SaT).In the fir.t stage,a smoothed image is obtained by an AITV-r.gular.zed Mumfor.-Shah(MS)model,which can be solved efficiently by the alter.ating dir.ction method of multiplier.(ADMMs)with a closed-for. solution of a pr.ximal oper.tor.of the l_(1)-αl_(2) *** conver.ence of the ADMM algor.thm is *** the second stage,we thr.shold the smoothed image by K-means cluster.ng to obtain the final segmentation *** exper.ments demonstr.te that the pr.posed segmentation fr.mewor. is ver.atile for.both gr.yscale and color.images,effcient in pr.ducing high-quality segmentation r.sults within a few seconds,and r.bust to input images that ar. cor.upted with noise,blur.or.*** compar. the AITV method with its or.ginal convex TV and nonconvex TVP(Or.ar.s,showcasing the qualitative and quantitative advantages of our.pr.posed method.

关键词： Image segmentation Non-convex optimization Mumfor.-Shah(MS)model Alter.ating dir.ction method of multiplier.(ADMMs) Pr.ximal oper.tor

Model Change Active Lear.ing in Gr.ph-Based Semi-super.ised Lear.ing

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： kevin S.Miller.Andr.a L.Ber.ozzi Depar.ment of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active lear.ing in semi-super.ised classification involves intr.ducing additional labels for.unlabelled data to impr.ve the accur.cy of the under.ying classifier.A challenge is to identify which points to label to best impr.ve per.or.ance while limiting the number.of new labels."Model Change"active lear.ing quantifies the r.sulting change incur.ed in the classifier.by intr.ducing the additional label(s).We pair.this idea with gr.ph-based semi-super.ised lear.ing(SSL)methods,that use the spectr.m of the gr.ph Laplacian matr.x,which can be tr.ncated to avoid pr.hibitively lar.e computational and stor.ge *** consider.a family of convex loss functions for.which the acquisition function can be efficiently appr.ximated using the Laplace appr.ximation of the poster.or.*** show a var.ety of multiclass examples that illustr.te impr.ved per.or.ance over.pr.or.state-of-ar..

关键词： Active lear.ing Gr.ph-based methods Semi-super.ised lear.ing(SSL) Gr.ph Laplacian