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Metallurgical challenges in microelectronic 3D IC packaging technology for future consumer electronic products

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第7期56卷 1740-1748页

作者： K. N. TU tian tian Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Los Angeles

Metallurgical challenges in controlling the microstructural stability of Cu and solder microbumps in 3D IC packaging technol-ogy are discussed. Using uni-directional oriented nanotwinned Cu, the controlled growth of oriented Cu6Sn5 on the nanotwinned Cu and its transformation to Cu3Sn without Kirkendall voids have been achieved. In order to join a stack of Si chips into a 3D device, multiple reflows of solder microbumps may be required; we consider localized heating to do so by the use of self-sustained explosive reaction in multi-layered Al/Ni thin films of nano thickness. It avoids re-melting of those solder joints which have been formed already in the 3D stacking structure.

关键词： 3D IC packaging microbump localized heating

CCL9/CCR1 axis-driven chemotactic nanovesicles for attenuating metastasis of SMAD4-deficient colorectal cancer by trapping TGF-β

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第8期14卷 3711-3729页

作者： Boning Niu tianyi tian Lu Wang Yinmei tian tian tian Yuanyuan Guo Hu Zhou Zhiping Zhang Tongji School of Pharmacy Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Oncology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Pharmacy Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchHigh Throughput Drug Screening PlatformXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

SMAD4 deficiency in colorectal cancer(CRC)is highly correlated with liver metastasis and high mortality,yet there are few effective precision therapies ***,we show that CCR1^(+)-granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells(G-MDSCs)are highly infiltrated in SMAD4-deficient CRC via CCL15/CCR1 and CCL9/CCR1 axis in clinical specimens and mouse models,*** excessive TGF-β,secreted by tumor-infiltrated CCR1^(+)-G-MDSCs,suppresses the immune response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs),thus facilitating ***,we develop engineered nanovesicles displaying CCR1 and TGFBR2 molecules(C/T-NVs)to chemotactically target the tumor driven by CCL9/CCR1 axis and trap TGF-βthrough TGF-β-TGFBR2 specific *** C/T-NVs counteract CCR1^(+)-G-MDSC infiltration through competitive responding CCL9/CCR1 axis.C/T-NVs-induced intratumoral TGF-βexhaustion alleviates the TGF-β-suppressed immune response of ***,C/T-NVs attenuate liver metastasis of SMAD4-deficient *** further exploration,high expression of programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1)is observed in clinical specimens of SMAD4-deficient *** C/T-NVs with anti-PD-L1 antibody(aPD-L1)induces tertiary lymphoid structure formation with sustained activation of CTLs,CXCL13^(+)-CD4^(+)T,CXCR5^(+)-CD20^(+)B cells,and enhanced secretion of cytotoxic cytokine interleukin-21 and IFN-γaround tumors,thus eradicating metastatic *** strategy elicits pleiotropic antimetastatic immunity,paving the way for nanovesicle-mediated precision immunotherapy in SMAD4-deficient CRC.

关键词： SMAD4-deficient CRC Metastasis G-MDSCs TGF-β CCR1 TGFBR2

Effects of nitrogen application rates and irrigation regimes on grain yield and water use efficiency of maize under alternate partial rootzone irrigation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第11期19卷 2792-2806页

作者： QI Dong-liang HU tian-tian SONG Xue Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland Ministry of EducationYangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025P.R.China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Faced with the scarcity of water resources and irrational fertilizer use,it is critical to supply plants with water and fertilizer in a coordinated pattern to improve yield with high water use efficiency(WUE).One such method,alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI),has been practiced worldwide,but there is limited information on the performance of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen(N)rates under *** objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of varying irrigation regimes and N rates on shoot growth,grain yield and WUE of maize(Zea mays L.)grown under APRI in the Hexi Corridor area of Northwest China in 2014 and *** three N rates were 100,200 and 300 kg N ha–1,designated N1,N2 and N3,*** three irrigation regimes of 45–50%,60–65%and 75–80%field capacity(FC)throughout the maize growing season,designated W1,W2 and W3,respectively,were applied in combination with each N *** results showed that W2 and W3 significantly increased the plant height,stem diameter,crop growth rate,chlorophyll SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),biomass,grain yield,ears per ha,kernels per cob,1000-kernel weight,harvest index,evapotranspiration and leaf area index(LAI)compared to W1 at each N *** N2 and N3 treatments increased those parameters compared to N1 in each irrigation *** the N rate from the N2 to N3 resulted in increased biomass and grain yield under W3 while it had no impact on those under the W1 and W2 *** W3 N3 and W2 N2 and W2 N3 treatments achieved the greatest and the second-greatest biomass and grain yield,*** the N rate significantly enhanced the maximum LAI(LAI at the silking stage)and Pn under W3,suggesting that the interaction of irrigation and fertilizer N management can effectively improve leaf growth and development,and consequently provide high biomass and grain yield of *** W2 N2,W2 N3 and W3 N3 treatments attained the greatest WUE among all the treatments.T

关键词： deficit irrigation nitrogen fertilization leaf area index net photosynthetic rate harvest index Zea mays

Statistical analysis of one Chinese sun-synchronous satellite anomalies

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第4期59卷 540-546页

作者： tian tian ZONG QiuGang CHANG Zheng WANG YongFu YANG XiaoHua Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Mailbox 5111 Beijing 100094China Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Based on the data from the Medium-Energy Proton and Electron Detector （MEPED） onboard NOAA-17, 141 anomalies of a Chinese Sun-Synchronous satellite （SSO-X） that occurred between 02/01/2010 and 09/31/2012 were studied statistically. About 26 out of the 52 anomalies that occurred outside the South Atlantic Anomaly （SAA） were accompanied by energetic electron storms. Superposed Epoch Analysis （SEA） was used to analyze the properties of the anomalies and the dynamics of the space environments during these 26 events. Then, a Monte Carlo method was utilized to simulate the electron deposition and the interactions of the injected electrons with an aluminum shield and polyethylene dielectric. The average, median, and 75tb percentile values of the maximum electric field strength inside the dielectric were calculated. The results showed the tbl- lowing. （1） SSO-X anomalies are more likely to occur within the SAA, as 89 out of 141 anomalies （63%） occurred there. （2） Twenty-six of the anomalies that occurred outside the SAA during energetic electron storms were located near the outer boundaries of the outer radiation belts, and these were more frequent in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemi- sphere. （3） Electron flux enhancements occurred around the failure time at all energy levels but were more profound in the lower energy channels. The maximum fluxes of electrons 〉30 keV, 〉100 keV, and 〉300 keV were 106, 3.5x10s, and 1.2×10^6 cm 2 s^-1 · sr ^-1, respectively. （4） The average, median, and 75th percentile values of the maximum electric field strengths inside the dielectric for the aforementioned 26 events remained in the range from 106 to 107 V/m for long time periods, which sug- gests that the ＇potential hazards＇ of internal discharges cause SSO-X anomalies. The above results can provide useful infor- mation for the design and protection of sun-synchronous spacecraft.

关键词： SSO-X failure superposed epoch analysis Monte Carlo method internal charging maximum electric field strength radiation belts

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高原高寒地区战勤保障预案制定的思考

中国疗养医学 2025年第1期34卷 69-72页

作者：张志田国家消防救援局昆明训练总队云南昆明650200

消防救援队伍战勤保障预案是针对特定情况可能发生的火灾及其他灾害事故,对灭火救援有关保障问题预先安排的作战文书,是实施灭火救援行动的重要依据。编制一个科学合理、内容翔实、贴近灾害现场实际的战勤保障预案,有利于指挥员在灾害... 详细信息

消防救援队伍战勤保障预案是针对特定情况可能发生的火灾及其他灾害事故,对灭火救援有关保障问题预先安排的作战文书,是实施灭火救援行动的重要依据。编制一个科学合理、内容翔实、贴近灾害现场实际的战勤保障预案,有利于指挥员在灾害现场临阵不乱,快速进行力量部署,准确科学进行灭火救援指挥,将灾害损失降低到最低限度。高原高寒地区因其海拔高、气候寒冷等因素,给消防战勤保障工作带来一定的困扰。因此,加强高原高寒地区战勤保障预案编制意义重大影响深远。改革转制以来,消防救援队伍战勤保障工作坚持“平时战时相结合、自保联保相统筹、物保技保相配套、保障管理相协调”的原则,逐步建立完善了消防救援队伍战勤保障体系。战勤保障预案制定是强化前置保障的重要前提,也是提升队伍战勤保障能力的重要方式方法。因此,本文从预案制定的意义和原则着手,对高原高寒地区的战勤保障预案制定进行研究。

关键词：高原高寒地区战勤保障预案

Preparation and photochromism of Keggin-type molybdphosphoric acid/silica mesoporous composite thin films

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Science China Chemistry 2007年第3期50卷 318-326页

作者： ZHANG XueAo WU WenJian MAN YaHui tian tian tian XiaoZhou WANG JianFang College of Aerospace and Material Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Using tetraethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the silica sources, amino-functionalized organic/inorganic hybrid mesoporous silica thin films with 2-dimensional hexagonal structure have been synthesized by evaporation induced self-assembly process in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide templates under acid conditions. The Keggin-type molybdphosphoric acid (PMo) is incorporated into the mesoporous silica thin films with amino-groups by wetness impregnation, and the PMo/silica mesoporous composite thin films are obtained. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicate the PMo molecules maintain Keggin structure and are homogeneously distributed inside mesopores. The composite thin films possess excellent reversible photochromic properties, and change from colorless to blue under ultraviolet irradiation. The photochromic mechanism of the composite thin films is studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), electron spin resonance (ESR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. It is shown that intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) are the main reasons of photochromism. PMo anions interact strongly with amino-groups of the mesoporous suface via hydrogen bond and electrostatic force. After ultraviolet irradiation, the charge transfer occurs by reduction of heteropolyanions accompanying the formation of heteropolyblues with multivalence Mo(VI, V), and the bleaching process of composite thin films is closely related to the presence of oxygen.

关键词： molybdphosphoric acid silica mesoporous composite thin films preparation photochromism

COOPERATIVE CONTROL OF MULTI-AGENT MOVING ALONG A SET OF GIVEN CURVES

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2011年第4期24卷 631-646页

作者： Yangyang CHEN Yuping tian School Automation 'Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China

This paper deals with a cooperative control problem of a team of double-integrator agents moving along a set of given curves with a nominated formation. A projection-tracking design method is proposed for designing the path-following control and the formation protocol, which guarantee forma- tion motion of the multi-agent system under a directed communication graph. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the control gains for solving the coordinated problem are obtained when the directed communication graph has a globally reachable node. Simulation results of formation motion among three agents demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Cooperative control formation motion graph theory multi-agent system path following.

Capturing metal clusters at the strong-interaction region to reverse Ostwald ripening

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Science China Materials 2024年第4期67卷 1363-1364页

作者： Shuheng tian Ding Ma Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

High-temperature interactions induce sintering of metal nanoparticles(NPs) on heterogeneous catalyst surfaces, leading to reduced surface area and active site loss through Ostwald ripening [1]. This irreversible deactivation necessitates costly catalyst replacement, notably impacting metals like copper in hydrogenation and reforming reactions [2].

关键词： catalyst reforming irreversible

Stock assessment for Atlantic yellowfin tuna based on extended surplus production model considering life history

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第8期41卷 41-51页

作者： Zhipan tian Fei Wang Siquan tian Qiuyun Ma College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center Shanghai 201306China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai 201306China Fisheries College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China

The modern fishery stock assessment could be conducted by various models,such as Stock Synthesis model with high data requirement and complicated model structure,and the basic surplus production model,which fails to incorporate individual growth,maturity,and fishery selectivity,*** this study,the Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment(JABBA)Select which is relatively balanced between complex and simple models,was used to conduct stock assessment for yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)in the Atlantic *** population dynamics was evaluated,considering the influence of selectivity patterns and different catch per unit effort(CPUE)indices on the stock assessment *** model with three joint longline standardized CPUE indices and logistic selectivity pattern performed well,without significant retrospective *** results indicated that the stock is not overfished and not subject to overfishing in *** analyses indicated that stock assessment results are robust to natural mortality but sensitive to steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship and fishing *** steepness was revealed to be more appropriate for this stock,while the fishing selectivity has greater influence to the assessment results than life history ***,JABBA-Select is suitable for the stock assessment of Atlantic yellowfin tuna with different selectivity patterns,and the assumptions of natural mortality and selectivity pattern should be improved to reduce uncertainties.

关键词： population dynamics selectivity tropical tuna fishery management