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Association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota:16S rRNA gene sequencing-based cohort study

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2249-2257页

作者： Xu-Ming Li qing Lv Ya-jun Chen Lu-Biao Yan Xin Xiong Laboratory Department Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital(Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital)Nanjing 210004Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pediatrics Shenzhen University General HospitalShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Inspection Division Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)Nanjing 210004Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pediatrics Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)Nanjing 210004Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neonatology Chenzhou First People’s HospitalChenzhou 423000Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12 years old)using 16S rDNA sequencing.The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.Thirty normal-weight and thirty age-and sex-matched obese children were included.Questionnaires and body measurements were collected,and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing.Significant differences in body mass index(BMI)and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups.Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lowerα-diversity in obese children.Differences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups.Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group,while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group.AIM To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12-year-old)using 16S rDNA sequencing,and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.METHODS Thirty each normal-weight,1:1 matched for age and sex,and obese children,with an obese status from 2020 to 2022,were included in the control and obese groups,respectively.Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children.Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis.RESULTS Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups.The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group,whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices.Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children(P<0.01),suggesting substantial disparities in both the species

关键词： Childhood obesity Gut microbiota 16S rDNA sequencing Diversity analysis Genus identification Body mass index

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On-Chip Sub-Picometer Continuous Wavelength Fiber-Bragg-Grating Interrogator

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 73-84页

作者： Yuan ZHUANG jun ZOU Jiqiang ZHANG Lu ZHANG Jiahe ZHANG Leixin MENG qing YANG Research Center for Humanoid Sensing Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 310014China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Miniaturized fiber-Bragg-grating(FBG)interrogators are of interest for applications in the areas where weight and size controlling is important,e.g.,airplanes and aerospace or in-situ monitoring.An ultra-compact high-precision on-chip interrogator is proposed based on a tailored arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)on a silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.The on-chip interrogator enables continuous wavelength interrogation from 1544 nm to 1568 nm with the wavelength accuracy of less than 1 pm[the root-mean-square error(RMSE)is 0.73 pm]over the whole wavelength range.The chip loss is less than 5 dB.The 1×16 AWG is optimized to achieve a large bandwidth and a low noise level at each channel,and the FBG reflection peaks can be detected by multiple output channels of the AWG.The fabricated AWG is utilized to interrogate FBG sensors through the center of gravity(CoG)algorithm.The validation of an on-chip FBG interrogator that works with sub-picometer wavelength accuracy in a broad wavelength range shows large potential for applications in miniaturized fiber optic sensing systems.

关键词： Fiber optic sensing on-chip interrogator arrayed waveguide grating center of gravity

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Experimental research on the launching system of auxiliary charge with filter cartridge structure

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 41-48页

作者： Zi-jun Chen Ze He Hong-Hao Ma Lu-qing Wang Zhao-Wu Shen CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027PR China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026PR China

A launching system with a filter cartridge structure was proposed to improve the muzzle velocity of the projectile.The combustion chamber of the launching system is divided into two fixed chambers,one is located in the breech chamber,and the other is arranged in the barrel.The breech chamber charge was ignited first,and the charges in the auxiliary chambers were ignited by the high-temperature,highpressure combustible gas trailing the projectile.In this way,the combustible gas in the auxiliary chambers could compensate for the pressure drop caused by the movement of the projectile.The proposed device features the advantage of launching a projectile with high muzzle velocity without exceeding the maximum pressure in the chamber.In order to obtain some internal ballistic characteristics of the launch system,some critical structure,such as the length of the filter cartridge auxiliary charge,the combustion degree of the propellant in the chamber,and the length of the barrel,are discussed.The experimental results show that with the increased auxiliary charge length,a pressure plateau or even a secondary peak pressure can be formed,which is less than the peak pressure.The projectile velocity increased by 23.57%,14.64%,and 7.65%when the diaphragm thickness was 0 mm,1 mm,and2 mm,respectively.The muzzle velocity of the projectile can be increased by 13.42%by increasing the length of the barrel.Under the same charge condition,with the increase of barrel length,the energy utilization rate of propellant increases by 28.64%.

关键词： Interior ballistics Charge structures Launch system Charge design

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Multi-physical fields distribution in billet during helical electromagnetic stirring:A numerical simulation research

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China Foundry 2024年第1期21卷 51-59页

作者： Dong Pan qing-tao Guo Kai-lun Zhang Fu-zhi Yu Yu-ying Li Yu-bao Xiao State Key Laboratory of Metal Materials for Marine Equipment and Application Anshan 114009LiaoningChina Ansteel Beijing Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 102200China

Electromagnetic stirring is one of the widely applied techniques to modify the quality of casting billets.Different from conventional rotate stirring,the helical stirring is more professional in assisting multi-dimensional flow of molten metal and eliminating solidification defects.In this study,the single-winding helical stirring(SWHS)was introduced,offering advantages such as smaller volume and lower electromagnetic shielding compared to traditional helical stirring methods.Following a comprehensive numerical simulation,the stirring parameters of SWHS were adjusted to yoke inclination angle of 43°and frequency of 12 Hz.The higher electromagnetic force and flow velocity in drawing direction,as well as the lower temperature gradient induced by the SWHS,are positive factors for homogeneous solidification of billet.The experimental results on Al-8%Si alloy and 0.4%C-1.1%Mn steel demonstrate that compared to rotate stirring,the SWHS process can induce better billet quality and is more effective in accelerating the equiaxed expansion and reducing element segregation.The SWHS process can enhance the equiaxed ratio of the billet by 58.3%and reduce segregation degree of carbon element by 10.97%.Consequently,SWHS holds great promise as a potential approach for improving the quality of continuous casting billets.

关键词： billet electromagnetic stirring helical solidification element segregation numerical simulation

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Pancreatic giant malignancy simulating a gastrointestinal stromal tumor

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 431-433页

作者： Ben-Jie Liu Chen-Hui Jin Yan-Lun Guo zhi-Gang Ke jun-jun Huang Lin-Ping Cao Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of General SurgeryPujiang Branch of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhua 322200China Department of Pathology Pujiang Branch of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhua 322200China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma(PACC)is a rare malignant tumor of pancreatic epithelial cells,which produces pancreatic exocrine enzymes.PACC originates from acinar cells and terminal branches of the pancreatic ducts in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.PACC accounts for 1%−2%of pancreatic exocrine tumors[1].Herein,we present an elderly woman with PACC who recovered after effective laparoscopic surgery.The tumor was located on the left side of the abdomen;imaging suggested that it was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the gastric wall origin,infiltrating the tail of the pancreas and omentum,while postoperative pathology suggested PACC.

关键词： Pancreatic gastrointestinal pancreas

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The occurrence characteristics of oil in shales matrix from organic geochemical screening data and pore structure properties:An experimental study Author links open overlay panel

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 1-13页

作者： Zi-zhi Lin jun-Qian Li Shuang-Fang Lu Qin-Hong Hu Peng-Fei Zhang jun-Jie Wang Qi zhi Hong-Sheng Huang Na Yin Yue Wang Tian-Chen Ge National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanya 572025HainanChina College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina

The occurrence characteristics of shale oil are of great significance to the movability of shale oil.In this study,the occurrence characteristics of oil in the shale matrix at Funing Formation shale in Subei Basin were quantitatively evaluated by organic geochemistry and microscopic pore structure characterization experiments.The Multiple Isothermal Stages Pyrolysis(MIS)experiment results show that the content of total oil,adsorbed oil,and free oil in the shales are 3.15-11.25 mg/g,1.41-4.95 mg/g,and 1.74-6.51 mg/g,respectively.among which the silicon-rich shale has the best oil-bearing.The relative content of free oil shows an increasing trend in pores with pore diameters greater than 3 nm.When the relative content of free oil reaches 100%,the pore size of silicon-rich shale is about 200 nm,while that of calcium-rich shale,clay-rich shale,and siliceous mixed shale is about 10 nm.The occurrence law of adsorbed oil is opposite to that of free oil,which indicates that shale oil will occur in the pores and fractures in a free state in a more extensive pore size range(>200 nm).This study also enables us to further understand the occurrence characteristics of shale oil under the interaction of occurrence state and occurrence space.

关键词： Shale oil Occurrence characteristics Sequential solvent extraction Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption Funing Formation Dongtai Depression

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Molecular Mechanism of Polysaccharides Extracted from Chinese Medicine Targeting Gut Microbiota for Promoting Health

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期30卷 171-180页

作者： ZHAO Wen-xiao WANG Tong ZHANG Ya-nan CHEN Qian WANG Yuan XING Yan-qing ZHENG jun DUAN Chen-chen CHEN Lijun ZHAO Hai-jun WANG Shijun School of Nursing Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJi'nan(250355)China Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJi'nan(250355)China College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan(250355)China

The accumulating evidence revealed that gut microbiota plays an important role in pathological process of disease including obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,heart failure,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicine(CM)can not only alleviate pathological status but also promote health by anti-inflammatory,regulating immunity,lowering blood glucose and lipids,anti-cancer,and anti-oxidation.The alterations of gut microbiota composition and metabolism pathways are the potential mechanisms of CM polysaccharides treatment.In addition,they exert functions through gut-organ axis or play an indirect role by synergistic actions with other drugs or components mediated by gut microbiota.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of CM polysaccharides interacted with intestinal microbial inhabitants as potential prebiotics forpromoting health.

关键词： Chinese medicine polysaccharides gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids lipopolysaccharides gut-organaxis synergistic actions

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Enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction in FePt film with remanence due to decrease in domain walls

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1108-1115页

作者： Hong Hong Dong-Xue Liu jun Li jun-Ming Li Li-Qian Wu Bo Yang qing-Qi Cao Dun-Hui Wang National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for NanotechnologySchool of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou310018China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China

As an effective strategy to improve the properties of electrocatalysts,magnetic field-assisted electrocatalytic water splitting has attracted increasing attention recently.However,the corresponding enhancements mostly depend on the exertion of an external magnetic field during electrochemical reactions,which results in a high cost of industrial production,and makes the magnetic field manipulation of electrocatalysis become a challenging task.In this work,instead of the external magnetic field,a bias magnetic field is self-supplied by the remanence state of a ferromagnetic electrocatalyst of FePt.Owing to the assistance of this bias magnetic field,the FePt film in the remanence state shows the overpotential of 229 mV during hydrogen evolution reaction,which is much lower than that in its demagnetization state(283 mV).Our findings demonstrate that the remanence in ferromagnetic electrocatalysts can improve the catalytic performance,which is attributed to the decrease in domain walls.

关键词： Remanence Magnetic domains Electrocatalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)

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FPGA-based position reconstruction method for neutron beam flux spatial distribution measurement in BNCT

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 96-108页

作者： Wei Jiang Ping Cao Yi-Ming Wu Xian-Ke Liu Zhu-jun Fang zhi-Yong Zhang Bin Shi jun Chen State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Key Laboratory for Metrology and Calibration Techniques China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China

A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector.To address the issue of long processing times in traditional offline position reconstruction methods,this paper proposes a field programmable gate array based online position reconstruction method utilizing the micro-time projection chamber principle.This method encapsulates key technical aspects:a self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of the delay chain length,fast sorting,a coordinate-matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory(RAM)addresses,and a precise start point-merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM.The performance test of the selfadaptive serial link shows that the bit error rate of the link is better than 10-12 at a confidence level of 99%,ensuring reliable data transmission.The experiment utilizing the readout electronics and Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm,surpassing the current method’s resolution level of 5 mm.The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beams online,thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method.The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods,such as bubble sorting and traversal searching,simplifies the design of the logic firmware,and reduces the time complexity from O(n2)to O(n).This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.

关键词： Position reconstruction FPGA Readout electronics Neutron flux spatial distribution

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A Stroke-Limitation AMD Control System with Variable Gain and Limited Area for High-Rise Buildings

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工程与科学中的计算机建模(英文) 2024年第1期138卷 865-884页

作者： Zuo-Hua Li qing-Gui Wu jun Teng Chao-jun Chen School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen518055China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong100872China

Collisions between a moving mass and an anti-collision device increase structural responses and threaten structural safety.An active mass damper(AMD)with stroke limitations is often used to avoid collisions.However,a strokelimited AMD control system with a fixed limited area shortens the available AMD stroke and leads to significant control power.To solve this problem,the design approach with variable gain and limited area(VGLA)is proposed in this study.First,the boundary of variable-limited areas is calculated based on the real-time status of the moving mass.The variable gain(VG)expression at the variable limited area is deduced by considering the saturation of AMD stroke.Then,numerical simulations of a stroke-limited AMD control system with VGLA are conducted on a high-rise building structure.These numerical simulations show that the proposed approach has superior strokelimitation performance compared with a stroke-limited AMD control system with a fixed limited area.Finally,the proposed approach is validated through experiments on a four-story steel frame.

关键词： High-rise buildings active control stroke limitations variable gain variable limited area

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