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Biogas recovery from microwave heated sludge by anaerobic digestion

science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 144-149页

作者： qiao wei1,wang wei2,zhu cuiping3 & zhang zhongzhi1 1 college of chemical science and engineering,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 Department of Environmental science and engineering,Tsinghua university,beijing 10084,china 3 J & K china Cleaning Energy Technology Co.Ltd.,beijing 100085,china college of chemical science and engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing China Department of Environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China J & K china Cleaning Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing China

Biogas generated from sewage sludge,livestock waste,and food waste by anaerobic digestion is a valuable renewable energy ***,conventional anaerobic digestion is not an efficient process.A long hydraulic retention time and low biogas recovery rate hinder the applications of those *** effective pretreatment method to destroy sludge microbial cells has been one of the major concerns regarding improvement of the biogas *** article focuses on the effects of microwave heating on sludge anaerobic *** suspended solid(VSS) and chemical organic demand solubilization of heated sludge were *** heating was found to be a rapid and efficient process for releasing organic substrates from *** increase of organic dissolution ratio was not obvious when holding time was over 5 min with microwave *** effect of the VSS solubilization was primarily dependent on heating *** highest value of VSS dissolving ratio,36.4%,was obtained at 170°C for 30 *** COD dissolving ratio was about 25% at 170°*** organic carbon of treated sludge liquor was 1.98 and 2.73 g/L at 150°C and 170°C for 5 min,respectively.A biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of excess sludge and a mixture of primary and excess sludge demonstrated an increase in biogas *** total biogas from microwave treated mixture sludge increased by 12.9% to 20.2% over control after 30 days of *** production was 11.1% to 25.9% higher for excess sludge than for untreated *** VS removal ratios of mixture sludge and excess sludge were 12% and 11% higher,respectively,compared to the untreated sludge.

关键词： biogas recovery microwave heating sludge anaerobic digestion

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Spatiotemporal distribution,environmental risk and carbon emission reduction potential of livestock manure in Shaanxi Province,china

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Frontiers of Agricultural science and engineering 2024年第3期11卷 381-396页

作者： Mengyuan qiao Jianchun zhu Ronghua LI Junting PAN Ran XIAO Hailong wang Kuok Ho Daniel TANG Zengqiang zhang college of Humanities&Social Development Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China college of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Biochar engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdong 528000China Department of Environmental science University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Shaanxi is a leading province in animal husbandry(AH)in ***,the lack of provincial information on the characteristics and utilization potential of livestock manure(LM)hinders crucial management ***,we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution,availability and biogas potential of LM in Shaanxi,and examine the carbon emission reduction potential of *** has been a 1.26-fold increase in LM quantities in Shaanxi over the past 35 years,reaching 4635.6×10^(4)t by *** was mainly concentrated in northern Shaanxi and the eastern part of *** and pig manure were the primary sources of LM,with the average LM land-load of 14.57 t·ha^(−1)in *** the overall AH in Shaanxi has not exceeded the environmental capacity,the actual scales of AH in Ankang and Hanzhong have already surpassed the respective environmental capacities,posing a higher risk of N and P *** 2021,the estimated biogas energy potential of LM was 1.2×10^(11)*** 2012 to 2021,the average carbon emission reduction potential in Shaanxi was 22%,with an average potential scale of 10%.The results of this research provide valuable data and policy recommendations for promoting the intensive use of LM and reducing carbon emissions in Shaanxi.

关键词： Livestock manure emission estimation N and P loads biogas potential carbon emission reduction

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CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed Xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib Mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai Yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan Bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev Michele Bertucci Xiao-Jun Bi Yuanjie Bi Tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter Michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert Maarten Boonekamp Marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry Mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya Masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia Hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai Huacheng Cai Lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang Guofu Cao Jianshe Cao Antoine Chance Xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang Xinyuan Chang wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen Guoming Chen Hua-Xing Chen Huirun Chen Jinhui Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Kai Chen Mali Chen Mingjun Chen Mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-Long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen Tianlu Chen wei Chen Xiang Chen Xiaoyu Chen Xin Chen Xun Chen Xurong Chen Ye Chen Ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen Cheng Huajie Cheng Shan Cheng Tongguang Cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu Guk Cho Ming-Chung Chu Xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu Guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui Xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi Ling-Yun Dai Xinchen Dai Xuwen Dai Antonio De Maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De La Taille Francesca De Mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng wei-Tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di Micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong Jianin AGH university of science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui university HefeiAnhui Applied Physics Department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu university Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul university Bandirma Beihang university Beijing beijing Computational science Research Center Beijing beijing Conveyi LTD Beijing beijing Glass Research Institute Co. LtdBeijing beijing Institute of Technology Beijing beijing Normal university Beijing Brown university ProvidenceRI Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad university Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo university Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central china Normal university WuhanHubei Central South university ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa Chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan china academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan china building materials academy Beijing china Center of Advanced science and Technology Beijing china Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing china Jiliang university HangzhouZhejiang china Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing china university of Geosciences Beijing china university of Geosciences WuhanHubei china university of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu china West Normal university NanchongSichuan Chongqing university Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn university Bangkok City university of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Cornell university IthacaNY CPPM(AMU/IPhU&CNRS/INP) Marseille Dalian Minzu university DalianLiaoning Dalian university of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(DLNP JINR) Dubna East china university Of science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by china,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise

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Boosting the energy density of sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries at low temperatures by charging to high voltages up to 6 V

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Nano Research 2023年第8期16卷 10966-10975页

作者： Lun zhang Xuedong zhang Zhaoyu Rong Tao wang Zhenyu wang Zaifa wang Longchen zhang qiao Huang Lingyun zhu Liqiang zhang Yongfu Tang Jianyu Huang Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China Clean Nano Energy Center State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Guilin Electrical Equipment Scientific Research Institute Co. LtdGuilin 541004China GRINM(Guangdong)Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology Foshan 528000China Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry College of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China School of Materials science&engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

Sulfide electrolyte-based all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are potential next generation energy storage technology due to the high ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes and potentially improved energy density and ***,the performance of ASSBs at/below subzero temperatures has not been explored ***,low temperature(LT)performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)|Li_(9.54)Si_(1.74)P_(1.44)S11.7Cl_(0.3)(LiSPSCl)|Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)(LTO)ASSBs was *** charging the ASSB to 6 V at−40℃,a capacity of 100.7 mAh∙g^(−1)at 20 mA∙g^(−1)was achieved,which is much higher than that charged to 4.3 V(4.6 mAh∙g^(−1))at−40℃.Moreover,atomic resolution microscopy revealed that the NCM811 remained almost intact even after being charged to 6 *** contrast,NCM811 was entirely destructed when charged to 6 V at room *** sharp difference arises from the large internal charge transfer resistance at LT which requires high voltage to ***,such high voltage is not harmful to the active material but beneficial to extracting most energy out of the ASSBs at *** also demonstrated that thinner electrolyte is favorable for LT operation of ASSBs due to the reduced ion transfer *** work provides new strategies to boost the capacity and energy density of sulfide-based ASSBs at LT for dedicated LT applications.

关键词： all-solid-state lithium batteries sulfide solid electrolyte low temperature Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)(LTO)

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Norditerpenoids biosynthesized by variediene synthase-associated P450 machinery along with modifications by the host cell Aspergillus oryzae

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第4期7卷 1142-1147页

作者： Lan Jiang Kangjie Lv Guoliang zhu Zhi Lin Xue zhang cuiping Xing Huanting Yang weiyan zhang Zhixin wang Chengwei Liu Xudong Qu Tom Hsiang Lixin zhang Xueting Liu State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor engineering East China University of Science of TechnologyShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina School of Environmental sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Road EastGuelphOntarioCanada

The chemical diversity of terpenoids is typically established by terpene synthase-catalyzed cyclization and diversified by post-tailoring *** bifunctional terpene synthase(BFTS)associated P450 enzymes have shown significant catalytic potentials through the development of various new terpenoids with different biological *** study discovered the BFTS and its related gene cluster from the plant endophytic fungus Didymosphaeria variabile *** expression of the BFTS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the characterization of a major product diterpene variediene(1),along with two new minor products neovariediene and *** heterologous expression of the BFTS and one cytochrome P450 enzyme VndE(CYP6138B1)in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 led to the identification of seven norditerpenoids(19 carbons)with a structurally unique 5/5 bicyclic ring ***,in vivo experiments suggested that the cyclized terpene variediene(1)was modified by VndE along with the endogenous enzymes from the host cell *** through serial chemical conversions,followed by multi-site hydroxylation via *** endogenous *** work revealed that the two-enzymes biosynthetic system and host cell machinery could produce structurally unique terpenoids.

关键词： Bifunctional terpene synthases Norditerpenoids Cytochrome P450 Aspergillus oryzae Heterologous expression

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Increasing the greenness of an organic acid through deep eutectic solvation and further polymerisation

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第4期7卷 840-853页

作者： Liteng Li Xiaofang Li Susu zhang Hongyuan Yan Xiaoqiang qiao Hongyan He Tao zhu Baokun Tang college of Pharmaceutical science Institute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of EducationHebei UniversityBaoding071002China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing010190China

Acrylic acid(AA)is an important and widely used industrial chemical,but its high toxicity renders its use incompatible with the concept of green *** leveraging its terminal carboxyl group and unsaturated bond,we designed and explored a new strategy to increase the greenness of AA via its eutectic melting using a quaternary ammonium salt(choline chloride)to form a deep eutectic solvent(DES),followed by polymerisation of the DES to form a polymer(poly(DES)).The greenness of AA,DES,and poly(DES)was evaluated via an in vitro test using MGC80-3 cells and an in vivo test using Kunming *** toxicity improved from Grade 2(moderately toxic)for AA to Grade 1(slightly toxic)for DESs and Grade 0(non-toxic)for poly(DES)in the in vitro ***,the poly(DES)s showed a lower toxicity in mice than the DESs in the in vivo ***,greenness enhancement was successfully achieved,with the greenness following the order AA3 cell membrane during the G_(0)/G_(1) phase to adversely affect DNA synthesis in the S phase,but the poly(DES)***,the green poly(DES),which showed good adsorption properties and flexible functionality,was successfully applied as a carrier or excipient of *** the novel strategy reported herein,greenness enhancement and the broadening of the application scope of a toxic organic acid were achieved,making such acids applicable for green development.

关键词： Greenness Deep eutectic solvent Polymer Toxicity Application

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Low-temperature epitaxy of transferable high-quality Pd(111)films on hybrid graphene/Cu(111)substrate

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Nano Research 2019年第11期12卷 2712-2717页

作者： Zhihong zhang Xiaozhi Xu Ruixi qiao Junjiang Liu Yuxia Feng Zhibin zhang Peizhao Song Muhong Wu Lan zhu Xuelin Yang Peng Gao Lei Liu Jie Xiong Enge wang Kaihui Liu State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics International Centre for Quantum MaterialsCollaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum MatteSchool of PhysicsAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBejing 100871China Physical science Laboratory Huairou National Comprehensive Science CentreBeijing 101400China School of Physics and Telecommunication engineering South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Department of Materials science and engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesGuangdong 523808China Peking Union Medical college Hospital Beijing 100730China State Key Laboratory of Electroric Thin Films and ltegrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Teclmology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

The continuous pursuit of miniaturization in the electronics and optoelectronics industry demands all device components with smaller size and higher performance,in which thin metal film is one heart material as conductive ***,conventional metal filmns are typically polycrystalline with random domain orientations and various grain boundaries,which greatly degrade their mechanical,thermal and electrical ***,it is highly demanded to produce single-crystal metal films with epitaxy in an appealing *** epitaxy on non-metal single-crystal substrates has difficulty in exfoliating away due to the formation of chemical *** developed epitaxy on single-crystal graphene enables the easy exfoliation of epilayers but the annealing temperature must be high(typical 500-1,000℃ and out of the tolerant range of integrated circuit technology)due to the relative weak intertacial *** we demonstrate the facile production of 6-inch transferable high-quality Pd(111)filims on single-crystal hybrid graphene/Cu(111)substrate with CMOS-compatible annealing temperature of 150℃ *** interfacial interaction between Pd and hybrid graphene/Cu(111)substrate is strong enough to enable the low-temperature epitaxy of Pd(111)films and weak enough to facilitate the easy film release from *** obtained Pd(111)films possess superior properties to polyrystalline ones with-0.25 eV higher work function and almost half sheet *** technique is proved to be applicable to other metals,such as Au and *** the single-crystal graphene/Cu(111)substrates are obtained from industrial Cu foils and accessible in meter scale,our work will promote the massive applications of large-area high-quality metal fims in the development of next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： single-crystal metal film graphene/Cu(111)substrate intertacial interactions meter scale

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Synergistic Effects of Solvent Vapor Assisted Spin-coating and Thermal Annealing on Enhancing the Carrier Mobility of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)Field-effect Transistors

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2021年第7期39卷 849-855页

作者： Xiao-Lan qiao Jie Yang Lian-He Han Ji-Dong zhang Mei-Fang zhua State Key Laboratory for Modification of chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)thin films,obtained by normal spin-coating and solvent vapor assisted spin-coating(SVASP)before and after thermal annealing(TA),and the corresponding devices were prepared to unravel the microstructure-property relationship,which is of great importance for the development of organic *** SVASP-TA films were used as the active layers of the organic field-effect transistors,a hole mobility up to 0.38 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)was *** mobility was one of the highest values and one order of magnitude higher than that of the normal spin-coating films based *** relationship between the microstructure and the device performance was fully investigated by UV-Vis absorption spectra,grazing incident X-ray diffraction(GIXD),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The impressive mobility was attributed to the high crystallinity and ordered molecule packing,which stem from the synergistic effects of SVASP and thermal annealing.

关键词： Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Polymer field-effect transistors Microstructure Polymer semiconductors

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环境友好非均相多金属氧酸盐-金催化剂Au/BW_(11)/Al_2O_3上环辛烯分子氧绿色环氧化研究（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang university-science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2016年第12期17卷 1000-1012页

作者： Umsa JAMEEL Ming-qiao zhu Xin-zhi CHEN Yi LIU zhang-fa TONG Key Laboratory of Biomass chemical engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University

目的:环氧化物是多种有机合成反应的重要中间体,也可作为环氧树脂、染料和表面活性剂的原料。传统的环氧化存在催化剂分离难、氧化剂成本高和过程含有溶剂等缺点。本文旨在探讨纳米金和多金属氧酸盐负载非均相催化剂用于无溶剂条件下环... 详细信息

目的:环氧化物是多种有机合成反应的重要中间体,也可作为环氧树脂、染料和表面活性剂的原料。传统的环氧化存在催化剂分离难、氧化剂成本高和过程含有溶剂等缺点。本文旨在探讨纳米金和多金属氧酸盐负载非均相催化剂用于无溶剂条件下环辛烯环氧化的反应条件对催化性能的影响。创新点:1.把纳米金颗粒和多金属氧酸盐(即BW11)结合并负载在固体载体上制备出了一种新型复合催化剂材料;2.采用分子氧作为氧化剂而不是传统的有机酸或者过氧酸;3.在温和条件下可获得良好的转化率和较高的环氧化物选择性;4.催化反应体系未使用有机溶剂;5.催化剂稳定并可循环使用。方法:1.根据文献中所述方法制备BW11;2.采用标准沉积沉淀法合成Au/Al2O3;3.采用湿式浸渍法制备催化剂Au/BW11/Al2O3;4.环辛烯环氧化使用叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)作为引发剂,氧气作为氧化剂,在高压反应釜中进行反应;5.采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射等对催化剂进行表征。结论:1.提高焙烧温度可改善催化反应性能;2.随着催化剂量增加到0.2 g,转化率也随之增加(图8);3.反应的最佳温度为80°C(表1);4.随着反应时间的增加直到24 h,转化率逐渐增加,环氧化物选择性也增加到约87%(图9);5.催化剂可适用于多种氧化剂(表2);6.无溶剂下转化率和选择性相对较大(表3);7.催化剂可以有效活化分子氧和环辛烯;8.催化剂可以再生,在使用三次后,其活性损失不大。

关键词：纳米金多金属氧酸盐环辛烯环氧化分子氧

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Biomarkers of aging

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science china(Life sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 893-1066页

作者： Aging Biomarker Consortium Hainan Bao Jiani Cao Mengting Chen Min Chen wei Chen Xiao Chen Yanhao Chen Yu Chen Yutian Chen Zhiyang Chen Jagadish K Chhetri Yingjie Ding Junlin Feng Jun Guo Mengmeng Guo Chuting He Yujuan Jia Haiping Jiang Ying Jing Dingfeng Li Jiaming Li Jingyi Li Qinhao Liang Rui Liang Feng Liu Xiaoqian Liu Zuojun Liu Oscar Junhong Luo Jianwei Lv Jingyi Ma Kehang Mao Jiawei Nie Xinhua qiao Xinpei Sun Xiaoqiang Tang Jianfang wang qiaoran wang Siyuan wang Xuan wang Yaning wang Yuhan wang Rimo Wu Kai Xia Fu-Hui Xiao Lingyan Xu Yingying Xu Haoteng Yan Liang Yang Ruici Yang Yuanxin Yang Yilin Ying Le zhang weiwei zhang Wenwan zhang Xing zhang zhuo zhang Min Zhou Rui Zhou Qingchen zhu Zhengmao zhu Feng Cao Zhongwei Cao Piu Chan Chang Chen Guobing Chen Hou-Zao Chen Jun Chen weimin Ci Bi-Sen Ding Qiurong Ding Feng Gao Jing-Dong JHan Kai Huang Zhenyu Ju Qing-Peng Kong Ji Li Jian Li Xin Li Baohua Liu Feng Liu Lin Liu Qiang Liu Qiang Liu Xingguo Liu Yong Liu Xianghang Luo Shuai Ma Xinran Ma Zhiyong Mao Jing Nie Yaojin Peng Jing Qu Jie Ren Ruibao Ren Moshi Song Zhou Songyang Yi Eve Sun Yu Sun Mei Tian Shusen wang Si wang Xia wang Xiaoning wang Yan-Jiang wang Yunfang wang Catherine CL Wong Andy Peng Xiang Yichuan Xiao Zhengwei Xie Daichao Xu Jing Ye Rui Yue Cuntai zhang Hongbo zhang Liang zhang weiqi zhang Yong zhang Yun-Wu zhang zhuohua zhang Tongbiao Zhao Yuzheng Zhao Dahai zhu weiguo Zou Gang Pei Guang-Hui Liu Aging Biomarker Consortium(ABC) Beijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Dermatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Clinic Center of Human Gene Research Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Stem Cell Translational Research Center Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200065China Department of Nuclear Medicine Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China The Department of Endovascular Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Ageing and Regenerative MedicineJ

Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to(i)assess age-related changes,(ii)track the physiological aging process,and(iii)predict the transition into a pathological *** a broad spectrum of aging biomarkers has been developed,their potential uses and limitations remain poorly *** immediate goal of biomarkers is to help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research:How old are we?Why do we get old?And how can we age slower?This review aims to address this ***,we summarize our current knowledge of biomarkers developed for cellular,organ,and organismal levels of aging,comprising six pillars:physiological characteristics,medical imaging,histological features,cellular alterations,molecular changes,and secretory *** fulfill all these requisites,we propose that aging biomarkers should qualify for being specific,systemic,and clinically relevant.

关键词： aging senescence biomarker clock

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