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Pyruvate kinase M in germ cells is essential for sperm motility and male fertility but not spermatogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 212-219页

作者： Gao-qing qian xiao-Chen Wang Xi Zhang Bin Shen qiang Liu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of HistoembryologyGenetics and Developmental BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular AndrologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Male germ cells employ specific metabolic pathways throughout their developmental *** a previous study,we discovered heightened expression of pyruvate kinase M(PKM),a pivotal glycolytic enzyme,in spermatogonia and *** gain deeper insights into PKM's roles in spermatogenesis,sperm function,and male fertility,we engineered a conditional-knockout mouse model(Pkm-vkO mice)to selectively disrupt the Pkm gene within germ *** maintaining regular testicular histology and sperm morphology,the male Pkm-vko mice were infertility,characterized by significant impairments in sperm motility and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)*** addition,Pkm-null spermatozoa exhibited similar deficits in protein tyrosine phosphorylation linked to capacitation,as well as compromised performance in in vitro fertilization *** conclude,PKM's presence is not obligatory for the entirety of spermatogenesis in male germ cells;however,it emerges as a critical factor influencing sperm motility and overall male fertility.

关键词： glycolysis male fertility pyruvate kinase M sperm motility spermatogenesis

Squeezing Transformation of Three-Mode Entangled State

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2005年第5X期44卷 911-916页

作者： qian xiao-qing song tong-qiang department of physics Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China

We introduce the three-mode entangled state and set up an experiment to generate it. Then we discuss the three-mode squeezing operator squeezed ｜p, X2, X3〉→μ^-3/2｜p/μ, X2/μ, X3/μ） and the optical implement to realize such a squeezed state. We also reveal that c-number .asymmetric shrink transform in the three-mode entangled state, i.e. ｜p, X2,X3）→μ^-1/2｜p/μ, X2,X3）, maps onto a kind of one-sided three-mode squeezing operator {iλ （∑i^3=1 Pi）（∑i^3=1 Qi） -λ/2}. Using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators, we derive their normally ordered forms and construct the corresponding squeezed states.

关键词： three-mode entangled state c-number asymmetric shrink transform one-sided three-mode squeezing operator

Molecular-scale controllable conversion of biopolymers into hard carbons towards lithium and sodium ion batteries: A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 554-569,I0016页

作者： Li-Jing Xie Cheng Tang Ming-Xin song xiao-qian Guo xiao-Ming Li Jing-Xue Li Chong Yan qing-qiang Kong Guo-Hua Sun qiang Zhang Fang-Yuan Su Cheng-Meng Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Bejing KeyLaboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology.department of Chemical Engineering.Tsinghua university Bejing 100084China School o Chemical Enginering and Advanced Materials The Universityof Adelaide.AdelaideSA 5005Ausralia Center of Biomass Enginering/Cllge of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agriultural UniversiyBeijing 100193China

Hard carbons are widely investigated as potential anodes for lithium and sodium ion batteries owing to their internally well-tailored textures(closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing. The renewable biomass is a green and economically attractive carbon source to produce hard carbons. However, the chemical and structural complexity of biomass has plagued the understanding of evolution mechanism from organic precursors to hard carbons and the structure-property *** makes it difficult to finely tune the microstructure of biomass-derived hard carbons, thus greatly restricting their high-performance applications. Most recently, the optimal utilization and controllable conversion of biomass-derived biopolymers(such as starch, cellulose and lignin) at the molecular level have become a burgeoning area of research to develop hard carbons for advanced *** the principal source of carbonaceous materials is from biomass pyrolysis, we firstly overview the chemical structures and pyrolysis behaviors of three main biopolymers. Then, the controllable preparation of hard carbons using various physicochemical properties of biopolymers at the molecular level is systematically discussed. Furthermore, we highlight present challenges and further opportunities in this field. The Review will guide future research works on the design of sustainable hard carbons and the optimization of battery performance.

关键词： Biomass-derived biopolymers Hard carbons Lithium ion batteries Sodium ion batteries Carbonization

World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)Clinical Practice Guideline on Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Migraine recommendation summaries

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2024年第3期34卷 204-212页

作者： Wen-qian MA Shuo CUI Jing HU Zhong-jie CHEN Jin HUO Ya-ping LIU xiao-yu WANG Zi-wei song Qi GAO Shu-hua MA Yi ZHANG Zhong-chao WU Ji-ping ZHAO Xiang-hong JING xiao-dong WU Yu-tong FEI Bin XU Shao-zong CHEN Cheng qian Chun-gui YANG Dong-qing ZHANG Ling ZHAO Bin LI Filomena Petti Aldo Liguori Carlos Llopis Claudia Skopalik Zhao DONG Jian YIN Zhen HUA Dong-sheng WANG Gerd Lutterjohann Yue JIAO Jing-jing WANG Institute of Acupuncture and moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBejing100700China Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100007China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100105China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Integration of Needle and Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina Mossage Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355China Shenzhou Open university of Traditional Chinese medicine Noord-Holland 671011 EKNetherlands Chinese Medicine Society Sweden Stockholm 10653Sweden School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina Mossage Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075China Acupuncture-moxibustion department of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Mediane Bejing 100010China Istituto Paracelso Rome 00153Italy European Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Madrid 28000Spain department of Neurology First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China department of Neurology of Beijing Hospital Beijing 100853China Anesthesiology department and pain diagnosis and treatment center Beijing HospitalBejing 100853China Division of Psychology of Beijing Normal university Beijing 100091China German Medical Association for Acupuncture(DAGfA) Munich 80801Germany Tsinghua university Hospital Bejing 100084China

Clinical Practice Guideline on Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Migraine(WFAS 007.9-2023)is a clinical practice guideline officially released by the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)on October 9,2023,and is the first international guideline on the treatment of migraine with *** international standard was developed under the guidance of rigorous evidence-based methodology,and it contains guideline purpose,scope,applicable population,applicable settings,overview of acupuncture for migraine,guideline development process and *** promoting the understanding and application of this guideline,this article summarizes a total of 18 recommendations in order to assist clinical decisions for migraine with acupuncture.

关键词： Acupuncture acupuncture Moxibustion

Effects of Central Administration of Glutamine and Alanine on Feed Intake and Hypothalamic Expression of Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Neuropetides in Broiler Chicks

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第7期11卷 1173-1180页

作者： Khondowe Paul WANG song-bo CHEN Sheng-feng YU Jian-jian ZHU xiao-tong WANG Li-na GAO Ping XI qian-yun ZHANG Yong-liang SHU Gang JIANG qing-yan College of Animal Sciences South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 P.R.China School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia PO. Box 32379 Lusaka Zambia

Different amino acids have been shown to affect feed intake when injected directly into the central nervous system of birds. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L-glutamine and L-alanine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. L-Glutamine or L- alanine was intra-cerebroventricularly （ICV） administered to 4-d-old broiler chicks and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of neuropeptide Y （NPY）, agouti related protein （AgRP）, pro-opiomelanocortin （POMC）, melanocortin receptor 4 （MC4R） and corticotropin releasing factor （CRF）. Our results showed that ICV administration of L-glutamine （0.55 or 5.5 pmol） significantly increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and the hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression levels, while it markedly decreased hypothalamic POMC and CRF mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-alanine （4 lamol） significantly decreased feed intake for the first 0.5 h post-administration period, and reduced the hypothalamic AgRP mRNA expression levels, while it remarkablely enhanced the mRNA expression levels of MC4R and CRF. These findings suggested that L-glutamine and L-alanine could act within the hypothalamus to influence feed intake in broiler chicks, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.

关键词： L-glutamine L-alanine intracerebroventricular (ICV) feed intake hypothalamus

Investigating Why Sulfurization Can Greatly Improve Ethanol Selectivity for Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第10期4卷 3319-3328页

作者： qian-Yu Wang Yu-Hang Li Yu Zhao Yu-Yu Chen Bi-Jun Geng Rong-Kai Ye Qiong Liu xiao-qing Liu Ye-Xiang tong Yue-Jiao Zhang Jun Cheng Ping-Ping Fang Jian-qiang Hu Jian-Feng Li Zhong-Qun Tian MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chem&Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275 department Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province Nanobiological Medicine CenterSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640 State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollege of EnergyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))electroreduction of products using renewable electricity sources is a promising avenue for chemical energy storage that is attracting increasing *** effort has been focused on improving the activity and selectivity for CO_(2)electroreduction of C2+products,especially for ***,studies of this process’s underlying mechanism are still lacking.

关键词： surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy CO_(2)electroreduction electrocatalysis operando spectroscopy mechanisms

AIWW:a new nutrition-screening tool for the oncologic population

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 1831-1840页

作者： Yi-Zhong Ge Zhen-Ming Fu Qi Zhang Meng-Meng song Guo-Tian Ruan Xi Zhang xiao-Wei Zhang Xiang-Rui Li Kang-Ping Zhang Meng Tang xiao-Yue Liu Ming Yang tong Liu Hai-Lun Xie He-Yang Zhang Zi-Wen Wang Chun-Lei Hu Shi-Qi Lin Rui Zhang Hong-Xia Xu Wei Li Chun-Hua song Ming Liu Jun-qiang Chen Kun-Hua Wang Li Bo Ming-Hua Cong Zeng-Ning Li Zeng-Qin Guo xiao-Bin Wang Bin-Yan Wang Benjamin Xu Xian-Hui Qin Xi-Ping Xu Rocco Barazzoni qing-Hua Yao Min Weng Xian Shen Han-Ping Shi The Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers(INSCOC)Group department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/department of Clinical Nutrition Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical university Wenzhou 325000China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition Beijing 100038China Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing 100038China Cancer Center Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060China department of Colorectal Surgery Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou 310022China department of Clinical Nutrition Daping HospitalArmy Medical University(Third Military Medical University)Chongqing 400042China Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin university Changchun 130021China department of Epidemiology College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China department of Colorectal Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China department of Gastrointestinal Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021China Yunnan university Kunming 650091China General Surgery Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650032China Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan university Kunming 650091China Comprehensive Oncology department Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100021China department of Clinical Nutrition The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China department of Medical Oncology Fujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou 350014China department of Population Family and Reproductive HealthJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore MD 21228USA Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute Shenzhen 518052China department of Epid

Malnutrition is a common comorbidity among patients with ***,no nutrition-screening tool has been recognized in this population.A quick and easy screening tool for nutrition with high sensitivity and easy-to-use is *** on the previous 25 nutrition-screening tools,the Delphi method was made by the members of the Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology to choose the most useful item from each *** to these results,we built a nutrition-screening tool named age,intake,weight,and walking(AIWW).Malnutrition was defined based on the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA).Concurrent validity was evaluated using the Kendall tau coefficient and kappa consistency between the malnutrition risks of AIWW,nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS-2002),and malnutrition screening tool(MST).Clinical benefit was calculated by the decision curve analysis(DCA),integrated discrimination improvement(IDI),and continuous net reclassification improvement(c NRI).A total of 11,360 patients(male,n=6,024(53.0%)were included in the final study cohort,and 6,363 patients had malnutrition based on *** on AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST,7,545,3,469,and1,840 patients were at risk of malnutrition,*** sensitivities of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were 0.910,0.531,and 0.285,and the specificities were 0.768,0.946,and *** Kendall tau coefficients of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were 0.588,0.501,and 0.326,*** area under the curve of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were0.785,0.739,and 0.630,*** IDI,c NRI,and DCA showed that AIWW is non-inferior to NRS-2002(IDI:0.002(-0.009,0.013),c NRI:-0.015(-0.049,0.020)).AIWW scores can also predict the survival of patients with *** missed diagnosis rates of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST were 0.09%,49.0%,and 73.2%,*** showed a better nutritionscreening effect than NRS-2002 and MST for patients with cancer and could be recommended as an alternative nutritionscreening tool

关键词： nutrition-screening AIWW NRS-2002 MST cancer

CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves Weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib Mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai Yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan Bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev Michele Bertucci xiao-Jun Bi Yuanjie Bi Tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter Michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert Maarten Boonekamp Marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry Mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya Masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia Hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai Huacheng Cai Lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang Guofu Cao Jianshe Cao Antoine Chance Xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang Xinyuan Chang Wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen Guoming Chen Hua-Xing Chen Huirun Chen Jinhui Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Kai Chen Mali Chen Mingjun Chen Mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-Long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen Tianlu Chen Wei Chen Xiang Chen xiaoyu Chen Xin Chen Xun Chen Xurong Chen Ye Chen Ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen Cheng Huajie Cheng Shan Cheng tongguang Cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu Guk Cho Ming-Chung Chu xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu Guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi Ling-Yun Dai Xinchen Dai Xuwen Dai Antonio De Maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De La Taille Francesca De Mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng Wei-Tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di Micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong Jianin AGH university of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui university HefeiAnhui Applied physics department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu university Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul university Bandirma Beihang university Beijing Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing Beijing Conveyi LTD Beijing Beijing Glass Research Institute Co. LtdBeijing Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Beijing Normal university Beijing Brown university ProvidenceRI Budker Institute of Nuclear physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad university Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo university Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central china Normal university WuhanHubei Central South university ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa Chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan china academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan china building materials academy Beijing china Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing china Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing china Jiliang university HangzhouZhejiang china Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing china university of Geosciences Beijing china university of Geosciences WuhanHubei china university of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu china West Normal university NanchongSichuan Chongqing university Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn university Bangkok City university of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Cornell university IthacaNY CPPM(AMU/IPhU&CNRS/INP) Marseille Dalian Minzu university DalianLiaoning Dalian university of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(DLNP JINR) Dubna East china university Of Science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by china,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise

Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease (2018 edition)

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第5期14卷 437-447页

作者： Xing-Wang Li Xin Ni Su-Yun qian Quan Wang Rong-Meng Jiang Wen-Bo Xu Yu-Cai Zhang Guang-Jun Yu qiang Chen Yun-xiao Shang Cheng-song Zhao Hui Yu Ting Zhang Gang Liu Hui-Ling Deng Jie Gao Xian-Gui Ran Qiao-Zhi Yang Bian-Li Xu Xue-Yong Huang Xing-Dong Wu Yi-xiao Bao Yi-Ping Chen Zhi-Hai Chen qing-Quan Liu Guo-Ping Lu Chun-Feng Liu Rong-Bing Wang Guo-Liang Zhang Fang Gu Hong-Mei Xu Ying Li Tao Yang Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Otorhinolaryngology Head andN eck Surgery Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Prediatric Intensive Care Unit Beijing Children’s Hospital of Capit al Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Pre ventionBeijingChina Children’s Hospital ofShanghai Jiaotong university ShanghaiChina Pneumology department Jiangxi Provincial Children’s HospitalNanchangChina department of P ediatric Pneumology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina department of Inf ectious Diseases Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina department of Inf ectious Diseases Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Digestive department Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina department of Inf ectious Diseases The Children’s Hospital of Xi'anXi’anChina Infection Control Offi ce Children’s Hospital ofShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina department ofR espiratory Medicine People’s Hospital ofFuy ang CityFuyangChina department of P ediatrics People’s Hospital of Liaoc heng CityLiaochengChina

Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in childhood caused by an enterovirus (EV), and which is principally seen in children under 5 years of age. To promote diagnostic awareness and effective treat-ments, to further standardize and strengthen the clinical management and to reduce the mortality of HFMD, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment have been developed. Methods National Health Commission of china assembled an expert committee for a revision of the guidelines. The com-mittee included 33 members who are specialized in diagnosis and treatment of HFMD. Results Early recognition of severe cases is utmost important in diagnosis and treatment of patients with HFMD. The key to diagnosis and treatment of severe cases lies in the timely and accurate recognition of stages 2 and 3 of HFMD, in order to stop progression to stage 4. Clinicians should particularly pay attention to those EV-A71 cases in children aged less than 3 years, and those with disease duration less than 3 days. The following indicators should alert the clinician of possible deterioration and impending critical disease: (1) persistent hyperthermia;(2) involvement of nervous system;(3) worsening respiratory rate and rhythm;(4) circulatory dysfunction;(5) elevated peripheral WBC count;(6) elevated blood glucose and (7) elevated blood lactic acid. For treatment, most mild cases can be treated as outpatients. Patients should be isolated to avoid cross-infection. Intense treatment modalities should be given for those severe cases. Conclusion The guidelines can provide systematic guidance on the diagnosis and management of HFMD.

关键词： Diagnosis Guidelines HFMD Treatment