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The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1879-1896页

作者： hanzhu Gu Xian Wang Minhao Zhang Wenjiang Jing Hao Wu Zhilin Xiao Weiyang Zhang Junfei Gu Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Jianhua Zhang Jianchang Yang Hao Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaizhou 225300China State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Integrative cultivation practices(ICPs)are essential for enhancing cereal yield and resource use efficiency.However,the effects of ICP on the rhizosphere environment and roots of paddy rice are still poorly understood.In this study,four rice varieties were produced in the field.Each variety was treated with six different cultivation techniques,including zero nitrogen application(0 N),local farmers’practice(LFP),nitrogen reduction(NR),and three progressive ICP techniques comprised of enhanced fertilizer N practice and increased plant density(ICP1),a treatment similar to ICP1 but with alternate wetting and moderate drying instead of continuous flooding(ICP2),and the same practices as ICP2 with the application of organic fertilizer(ICP3).The ICPs had greater grain production and nitrogen use efficiency than the other three methods.Root length,dry weight,root diameter,activity of root oxidation,root bleeding rate,zeatin and zeatin riboside compositions,and total organic acids in root exudates were elevated with the introduction of the successive cultivation practices.ICPs enhanced nitrate nitrogen,the activities of urease and invertase,and the diversity of microbes(bacteria)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil,while reducing the ammonium nitrogen content.The nutrient contents(ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus,nitrate,and available phosphorus)and urease activity in rhizosphere soil were reduced in all treatments in comparison with the non-rhizosphere soil,but the invertase activity and bacterial diversity were greater.The main root morphology and physiology,and the ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere soil at the primary stages were closely correlated with grain yield and internal nitrogen use efficiency.These findings suggest that the coordinated enhancement of the root system and the environment of the rhizosphere under integrative cultivation approaches may lead to higher rice production.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) nitrogen use efficiency grain yield integrative cultivation practices roots

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中国碳排放脱钩效应、时空特征与驱动因素

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生态学报 2024年第6期44卷 2228-2243页

作者：王奕淇黄涵祝长安大学经济与管理学院西安710064

“双碳”目标使中国面临巨大的碳减排压力,寻求一条低碳转型之路已成为中国面临的挑战,而揭示经济增长与碳排放之间的脱钩关系,是中国寻求低碳经济发展的关键突破点。基于IPCC碳核算方法和Tapio脱钩模型,对中国经济增长与碳排放的脱钩... 详细信息

“双碳”目标使中国面临巨大的碳减排压力,寻求一条低碳转型之路已成为中国面临的挑战,而揭示经济增长与碳排放之间的脱钩关系,是中国寻求低碳经济发展的关键突破点。基于IPCC碳核算方法和Tapio脱钩模型,对中国经济增长与碳排放的脱钩效应以及时空特征进行探讨,并利用IDA-PDA综合分析法对碳排放脱钩效应的驱动因素进行分解。结果表明:(1)2005—2019年,中国整体的碳排放脱钩指数呈波动下降趋势,以“弱脱钩”为主,脱钩状态良好。(2)中国东部和中部地区碳排放脱钩状态较好,在2015—2019年达到强脱钩;西部地区虽仍处于弱脱钩阶段,但碳排放脱钩指数显著降低;同时,中国各省份间脱钩状态差别较大,碳排放脱钩指数总体呈西北高、东南低的分布格局。(3)对于驱动因素的贡献度,要素替代和技术进步是促进中国碳排放脱钩的关键因素,经济水平是抑制中国碳排放脱钩最主要的因素。能源结构、效率变动、人口规模对中国碳排放脱钩主要表现为抑制作用。(4)对于地区的贡献度,2005—2010年,东部地区对中国碳排放脱钩的抑制作用最强;2010—2012年,东部地区对中国碳排放脱钩的抑制作用逐渐减小,西部地区对中国碳排放脱钩的抑制作用逐渐增强;2012—2019年,三大地区对中国碳排放脱钩的作用不稳定,变化较大。

关键词：碳排放脱钩 IDA-PDA方法驱动因素时空特征

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数字经济、技术创新与制造业转型升级--基于省级面板数据的实证分析

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福建农林大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第1期27卷 52-63页

作者：林孔团周寒竹福建师范大学经济学院福建福州350117

基于2014—2021年我国30个省份(港澳台地区及西藏除外)的面板数据进行双向固定效应的基准回归分析,区域异质性和互联网发展水平异质性分析,以及技术创新的中介效应分析,并进一步考察数字经济对制造业转型升级的非线性影响,以及政府支持... 详细信息

基于2014—2021年我国30个省份(港澳台地区及西藏除外)的面板数据进行双向固定效应的基准回归分析,区域异质性和互联网发展水平异质性分析,以及技术创新的中介效应分析,并进一步考察数字经济对制造业转型升级的非线性影响,以及政府支持度和人力资本在数字经济影响制造业转型升级中的门槛效应。研究发现:数字经济对制造业转型升级具有显著的正向影响;技术创新在数字经济对制造业转型升级的影响中发挥部分中介效应;数字经济对制造业转型升级影响的区域异质性和互联网发展水平异质性显著,在东部地区与互联网发展水平高的地区的影响更为显著;数字经济对制造业转型升级存在显著的非线性影响,数字经济对制造业转型升级的影响随着政府支持度的增加呈现出边际效应递减的特征,随着人力资本的增加呈现出倒U型特征。据此,提出加快制造业企业技术创新、完善中西部地区数字基础设施、健全数字化人才队伍等对策,以助推我国制造业转型升级。

关键词：数字经济技术创新制造业转型升级

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HIV,HCV,and HBV Co-Infections in a Rural Area of Shanxi Province with a History of Commercial Blood Donation

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期24卷 207-213页

作者： DONG RuiLing QIAO Xiao Chun JIA Wangqian WONG Michelle QIAN HanZhu ZHENG XiWen XING WenGe LAI ShengHan WU ZhengLai JIANG Yan WANG Ning Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center Shenzhen 518033 Guangdong China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Taiyuan 030012 Shanxi China Wenxi County Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wenxi 043800 Shanxi China School of Medicine Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Johns Hopkins Medical School New York USA Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China

Background： Unhygienic blood collection in the early 1990s led to blood-borne infections in Central China. This study aimed to estimate human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） co-infection with hepatitis C and B viruses （HCV and HBV） and their risk factors in a rural area of Shanxi Province with a history of commercial blood donation. Methods： A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004. All adult residents in the target area were invited to participate in the study. Face-to-face interviews were completed and blood specimens were tested for HIV, HCV, and HBV surface antigen （HBsAg）. Results： Prevalence rates of HIV, HCV, and HBsAg were 1.3% （40/3 062）, 12.7% （389/3 062）, and 3.5% （103/2982）, respectively. Of the 40 HIV-positive specimens, 85% were HCV positive and 2.5% were HBsAg positive. The history of commercial blood donation was positively associated with HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infections, but was negatively associated with HBsAg seropositivity. Migration for employment in the last 5 years was positively related to HIV, HBsAg, and HIV/HCV co-infections. Univariate logistic analysis showed that illegal drug use, number of sex partners, extramarital sex behavior, commercial sex behavior, and condom use rate were not related to anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg seropositivity or their co-infections. Conclusion： The history of commercial blood donation was the main risk factor for HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infections in this former commercial blood donation area. HIV and HCV prevention and treatment interventions are important in this area.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency Virus Co-infections Hepatitis C Virus Hepatitis B Virus SurfaceAntigen Commercial Blood Donation

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寒地杏种质资源果实性状评价及优异鲜食资源筛选

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北方园艺 2024年第8期 20-26页

作者：陈蕾赵慧刘禹夫张瀚竹张艳波侯佳贤吉林省农业科学院中国农业科技东北创新中心吉林长春130000 镇赉县黑土地保护监测中心吉林镇贵137300 吉林省种子管理总站吉林长春130000

以29份寒地杏种质资源为试材,测定果实23个质量性状和6个数量性状并进行分析评价,以期为深入了解寒地杏种质资源遗传多样性、挖掘和高效利用杏资源提供参考依据。结果表明:29份资源数量性状中果实硬度和单果质量变异系数最大,分别为68.... 详细信息

以29份寒地杏种质资源为试材,测定果实23个质量性状和6个数量性状并进行分析评价,以期为深入了解寒地杏种质资源遗传多样性、挖掘和高效利用杏资源提供参考依据。结果表明:29份资源数量性状中果实硬度和单果质量变异系数最大,分别为68.35%和40.32%,单果质量和核鲜质量呈显著正相关;质量性状的多样性指数变化范围为0.2732~1.6731,果形多样性指数最高,为1.6731,风味和果实颜色的多样性指数分别为1.2049和1.1919,说明杏资源表型多样性较为丰富;主成分分析表明前8个主成分能代表23个描述型性状的大部分信息,累计方差贡献率达77.789%;筛选出6份优异鲜食杏资源,分别为‘丹麦黄杏’‘双山杏’‘桦甸杏’‘白杏1’‘九台晚杏’‘桦甸红杏’。

关键词：杏质量性状数量性状相关性分析主成分分析

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Ultrathin polyamide nanofiltration membrane prepared by triazine-based porous organic polymer as interlayer for dye removal

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第5期57卷 193-201页

作者： Yongbo Liu Zhihao Si Cong Ren hanzhu Wu Peng Zhan Yuqing Peng Peiyong Qin National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology College of ChemicalEngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Separation membrane with high flux is generally encouraged in industrial application,because of the tremendous needs for decreasing membrane areas,usage costs and space requirements.The most effective and direct method for obtaining the high flux is to decrease membrane thickness.Polyamide(PA)nanofiltration membrane is conventionally prepared by the direct interfacial polymerization(IP)on substrate surface,and results in a thick PA layer.In this work,we proposed a strategy that constructing triazine-based porous organic polymer(TRZ-POP)as the interlayer to prepare the ultrathin PA nanofiltration membranes.TRZ-POP is firstly deposited on the polyethersulfone substrate,and then the formed TRZ-POP provides more adhesion sites towards PA based on its high specific surface areas.The chemical bonding between terminal amine group of TRZ-POP and the amide group of PA further improves the binding force,and strengthens the stability of PA layer.More importantly,the high porosity of TRZPOP layer causes the higher polymerization of initial PA owning to the stored sufficient amino monomer;and H-bonding interaction between amine groups of TRZ-POP and piperazine(PIP)can astrict the release of PIP.Thus,IP process is controlled,and the thinnest thickness of prepared PA layer is only<15 nm.As expected,PA/TRZ-POP membrane shows a more excellent water flux of 1414 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·MPa^(-1)than that of the state-of-the-art nanofiltration membranes,and without sacrificing dye rejection.The build of TRZPOP interlayer develops a new method for obtaining a high-flux nanofiltration membrane.

关键词： Polyamide Nanofiltration Interfacial polymerization Triazine-based porous organic polymer

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有偿献血者HIV-1、HCV、HBV合并感染调查

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中国公共卫生 2007年第12期23卷 1420-1422页

作者：董瑞玲汪宁乔晓春丁国伟贾望谦施小明 QIAN HanZhu 乌正赉郑锡文中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心北京100050 北京协和医学院公共卫生学院山西省疾病预防控制中心山西省闻喜县疾病预防控制中心中国疾病预防控制中心慢性病防治与社区卫生处 Universjty of Alabama at Birmingham USA 北京协和医学院基础医学院

目的调查山西省农村某既往有偿献血地区人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）合并感染状况。方法对4个村年龄18～59岁的村民进行问卷调查和血样采集，检测项目包括HIV-1抗体、HCV抗体和HBV表面抗原（HBsA... 详细信息

目的调查山西省农村某既往有偿献血地区人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）合并感染状况。方法对4个村年龄18～59岁的村民进行问卷调查和血样采集，检测项目包括HIV-1抗体、HCV抗体和HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）。结果人群HIV、HCV、HBV感染率分别为1．3％（40／3062），12．7％（389／3062），3．5％（103／2982）；40名HIV感染者中，85．0％伴HCV感染，2．5％伴HBV感染。多因素Logistic回归分析提示，既往有偿献血（浆）史是HIV、HCV及HIV／HCV合并感染的危险因素，而与HBsAg阳性呈负相关，过去5年外出打工史与HIV、HBsAg、HIV／HCV感染差异有统计学意义；未发现吸毒、终生性伴数、婚外性行为、商业性行为和各种性行为中安全套的使用与HIV、HCV、HBV感染及合并感染有关联。结论应重点关注HIV、HCV和HBV感染者的治疗、健康教育和行为干预。

关键词：人类免疫缺陷病毒合并感染丙型肝炎病毒乙肝炎病毒表面抗原有偿献血

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溢洪道弯道段流态改善试验研究和应用

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广东水利水电 2024年第4期 9-13,24页

作者：黄智敏付波陆汉柱黄健东广东省水利水电科学研究院广州510635 广东省水动力学应用研究重点实验室广州510635

溢洪道泄槽弯道泄流时,弯道段内易产生横向冲击波,水流紊乱,流态较差,会不同程度地影响溢洪道的正常运行。该文根据广东省部分水库陡槽溢洪道水力模型试验研究成果,介绍改善溢洪道泄槽弯道段流态的断面超高、斜向高低坎、纵向导流墙、... 详细信息

溢洪道泄槽弯道泄流时,弯道段内易产生横向冲击波,水流紊乱,流态较差,会不同程度地影响溢洪道的正常运行。该文根据广东省部分水库陡槽溢洪道水力模型试验研究成果,介绍改善溢洪道泄槽弯道段流态的断面超高、斜向高低坎、纵向导流墙、阶梯跌坎、弯道前设置消力池等工程措施,并对各种工程措施的适用性进行分析,研究成果可供类似工程设计和运行参考。

关键词：陡槽溢洪道弯道流态工程措施试验研究

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The Improvement of Soybean Salt Tolerance by Overexpressed GmPAO1

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1109-1124页

作者： Yeyao Du Yang Song Ye Zhang Sujie Fan hanzhu Zhang Piwu Wang College of Agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China

Polyamines play an important regulatory role during plant growth and development and adversity stress,and polyamine oxidase(PAO)is involved in polyamine catabolism.In this study,an up-regulated polyamine oxidase gene GmPAO1 was obtained by transcriptome sequencing analysis and screening at soybean seedling stages.Also,its expression pattern and function were analyzed.The identification results of transgenic GmPAO1 soybean positive lines showed that the relative expression level of GmPAO1 in the overexpressed lines was increased under salt stress.With increasing stress concentration,the seed germination rate decreased.However,the seed germination rate of the overexpressed lines was significantly higher than that of the control lines,and the phenotypic character of the root systems was also better than that of the control lines.The measurement of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents revealed that the overexpressed soybean lines significantly increased the SOD and POD activities,significantly reducing the malondialdehyde content.Although the hydrogen peroxide content in the transformed plants gradually increased,the hydrogen peroxide content in the overexpression lines was still lower than that in the gene editing lines.Based on this,it was preliminarily judged that GmPAO1 can improve soybean salt tolerance.

关键词： Soybean polyamine oxidase salt tolerance overexpressed

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Identification of Resistance to Pathogenesis Related Protein GmPR1L in Tobacco Botrytis cinerea Infection

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第6期92卷 1907-1920页

作者： Yeyao Du Ye Zhang Yang Song Zhuo Zhang Sujie Fan hanzhu Zhang Piwu Wang College of Agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina

Soybean(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)annual leguminous crop is cultivated all over the world.The occurrence of diseases has a great impact on the yield and quality of soybean.In this study,based on the RNA-seq of soybean variety M18,a complete CDS(Coding sequence)GmPR1L of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 family was obtained,which has the ability to resist fungal diseases.The overexpression vector and interference expression vector were transferred into tobacco NC89,and the resistance of transgenic tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)to Botrytis cinerea infection was identified.The results show that:Compared with the control,the activities of related defense enzymes SOD(Superoxide dismutase),POD(Peroxidase),PAL(L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase)and PPO(Polyphenol oxidase)in the over-expressed transgenic tobacco OEA1 and OEA2 increased to different degrees,and increased significantly at different infection time points.The activities of defense enzymes in the interfering strains IEA1 and IEA2 were significantly lower than those in the control strains.The results of resistance level identification showed that the disease spot rate of OEA1 was significantly lower than that of the control line,and the disease spot rate of OEA2 was significantly lower than that of the control line.The plaque rate of the interfering expression line IEA1-IEA2 was significantly higher than that of the control line.It is preliminarily believed that the process related protein GmPR1L can improve the resistance of tobacco to B.cinerea.

关键词： Soybean pathogenesis-related protein defense enzymes Botrytis cinerea

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