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Conventional therapy for Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第30期12卷 4794-4806页

作者： carsten Büning Herbert Lochs Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology & Endocrinology Charité Campus Mitte Universittsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany

Crohn＇s disease （CD） is a multifactorial disorder of unknown cause. Outstanding progress regarding the pathophysiology of CD has led to the development of innovative therapeutic concepts. Numerous controlled trials have been performed in CD over the last years. However, many drugs have not been approved by regulatory authorities due to lack of efficacy or severe side effects. Therefore, well-known drugs, including 5-ASA, systemic or topical corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, are still the mainstay of CD therapy. Importantly, biologicals such as infliximab have shown to be efficacious in problematic settings such as fistulizing or steroid-dependent CD. This review is intended to give practical guidelines to clinicians for the conventional treatment of CD. We concentrated on the results of randomized, placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses, when available, that provide the highest degree of evidence. We provide evidence-based treatment algorithms whenever possible. However, many clinical situations have not been answered by controlled clinical trials and it is important to fill these gaps through expert opinions. We hope that this review offers a useful tool for clinicians in the challenging treatment of CD.

关键词： Crohn's disease Conventional treatment Review Therapy

Evaluation of airlift pump performance for vertical conveying of coal particles

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第3期10卷 155-166页

作者： Parviz Enany Oleksandr Shevchenko carsten Drebenshtedt Faculty of Mining and Special Civil Engineering Technische Universitat BergakademieGustav-Zeuner StraBe 1A09599 FreibergGermany UTF GmbH ErzstraBe 1509618 Brand-ErbisdorfGermany

One of the crucial aspects of reducing air consumption when conveying particles with an airlift pump is to know the factors that affect the process of particle motion at an initial velocity of *** determine the influence of submer-gence ratio and physical properties of particles(such as size,shape,and mass)on the onset of vertical particle motion,the airlift pump was taken as the research object,and spherical glass together with irregular shaped coal were used as experimental test *** results show that unlike the water-solid environment,the start of particle motion in the water-air mixture does not always occur at a certain value of superficial water velocity and this value also increases with increasing submergence *** the parameters considered,the role of submergence ratio is much more effective than the dimensions and the shape of the particle,because by increasing submergence from 0.3 to 0.8,it is possible to reduce air consumption by up to 8 *** on this study the corresponding theoretical model derived by Fujimoto et *** optimized,wherein the overall agreement between the modified theory and present experimental data is particularly *** to Fujimoto,the minimum superficial water velocity for lifting solids in the air-water mixture is not always smaller than water ambient which indicates on optimum submergence ratio higher than ***,a new criterion was introduced to describe the moment of onset of the particle motion as a function of the superficial fluid velocity ratio for each submergence value.

关键词： Air-water-solid flow Slurry- Coal Submergence ratio Taylor bubble Superficial velocity

How to select the optimal treatment for first line metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第4期20卷 899-907页

作者： Alexander Stein carsten Bokemeyer Department of Oncology Haematology Stem Cell Transplantation with the Section Pneumology Hubertus Wald Tumor Centre University Cancer Centre Hamburg University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppen-dorf 20246 Hamburg Germany

Choice of first line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)is based on tumour and patient related factors and molecular information for determination of individual treatment aim and thus treatment *** advances(e.g.,extended RAS testing)enable tailored patient assignment to the most beneficial treatment *** fluoropyrimidines,irinotecan and oxaliplatin,a broad variety of molecular targeting agents are currently available,e.g.,anti-angiogenic agents(bevacizumab)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)antibodies(cetuximab,panitumumab)for first line treatment of *** some combinations should be avoided(e.g.,oral or bolus fluoropyrimidines,oxaliplatin and EGFR antibodies),treatment options range from single agent to highly effective four-drug *** data comparing EGFR antibodies and bevacizumab,both with chemotherapy,seem to favour EGFR antibodies in RAS wildtype ***,choosing the most appropriate treatment approach for mCRC patients remains a complex issue,with numerous open questions.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Metastatic Induction chemotherapy Epidermal growth factor receptor

Axogenesis in the central and peripheral nervous system of the amphipod crustacean Orchestia cavimana

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第1期6卷 28-44页

作者： Petra UNGERER Maria GEPPERT carsten WOLFF Humboldt University Berlin Department of BiologyComparative ZoologyBerlinGermany Queen Mary University of London School of Biological and Chemical SciencesLondonUK Charité-Campus Virchow-Klinikum Department of Forensic GeneticsBerlinGermany

We describe the formation of the major axon pathways in the embryonic central and peripheral nervous systems of the amphipod crustacean Orchestia cavimana Heller,1865 by means of antibody staining against acetylated *** data add to a long list of previous studies of various other aspects of development in Orchestia and provide a basis for future studies of neurogenesis on a deeper cellular and molecular *** exhibits a tripartite dorsal brain,which is a characteristic feature of *** anlagen are the first detectable structures in the developing nervous system and can be traced back to distinct neuronal cell clusters in the early *** development of the ventral nervous system proceeds with an anteroposterior gradient of *** each trunk segment,the longitudinal connectives and the anterior commissure form first,followed by the intersegmental nerve,the posterior commissure and segmental nerves,respectively.A single commissure of a vestigial seventh pleonal segment is *** the peripheral nervous system we observe a spatial and temporal pattern of leg innervation,which is strikingly similar in both limb types,the uniramous pereopods and the biramous pleopods.A proximal leg nerve splitting distally into two separated nerves probably reflects a general feature of crustaceans.

关键词： alpha-tubulin Arthropoda brain development Malacostraca

FerryBox: Using Automated Water Measurement Systems to Monitor Water Quality: Perspectives for the Yangtze River and Three Gorges Dam

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 861-869页

作者： carsten Frank Friedhelm Schroeder Wilhelm Petersen Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH Institute for Coastal Research

The building of the Three Gorges Dam （Hubei （湖北） Province, China） has transformed a region with an economy based on sustainable agriculture for millennia into an entirely different environment within an exceptionally short time. This disrupts the natural biogeochemieal cycles of carbon, nutrients, and metals and possibly will affect the whole catchment including downstream ecosystems, such as wetlands, estuaries, deltas, and adjacent sea areas. Starting from changes that have already been documented, this article concentrates on the possible use of a ＂FerryBox＂, which is an automated water quality measurement system on board a ship or on shore, to monitor the short and long term development of the quality of the river water in the backwater area and downstream of the dam. While there are already research programmes running to monitor the water quality of the river and the backwater area, these programs are limited to ship campaigns with sampling and laboratory analysis. The spatial and temporal resolution of such measurements is not sufficient for an overall assessment of the water quality and for prognoses in the context of anthropogenic and climate change. Therefore, a concept of applying regular automated observations by a FerryBox is presented. It is shown that such systems are very well suited to give feedback for the assessment of measures to improve the water quality.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River eutrophication FerryBox.

SATURATION AND RELIABLE HIERARCHICAL A POSTERIORI MORLEY FINITE ELEMENT ERROR CONTROL

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2018年第6期36卷 833-844页

作者： carsten carstensen Dietmar Gallistl Yunqing Huang Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Institut fiir Mathematik Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany Department of Applied Mathematics University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics and Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation & Simulation in Science & Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China

This paper proves the saturation assumption for the nonconforming Morley finite ele- ment discretization of the biharmonic equation. This asserts that the error of the Morley approximation under uniform refinement is strictly reduced by a contraction factor smaller than one up to explicit higher-order data approximation terms. The refinement has at least to bisect any edge such as red refinement or 3-bisections on any triangle. This justifies a hierarchical error estimator for the Morley finite element method, which simply compares the discrete solutions of one mesh and its red-refinement. The related adaptive mesh-refining strategy performs optimally in numerical experiments. A remark for Crouzeix-Raviart nonconforming finite element error control is included.

关键词： Saturation Hierarchical error estimation Finite element Nonconforming Biharmonie Morley Kirchhoff plate Crouzeix-Raviart

EXPLICIT ERROR ESTIMATES FOR COURANT, CROUZEIX-RAVIART AND RAVIART-THOMAS FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2012年第4期30卷 337-353页

作者： carsten carstensen Joscha Gedicke Donsub Rim Institut fur Mathematik Humboldt-Universitiit zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany Department of Computational Science and Engineering Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Korea Institut fur Mathematik Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany Yonsei School of Business and Department of Computational Science and Engineering Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Korea

The elementary analysis of this paper presents explicit expressions of the constants in the a priori error estimates for the lowest-order Courant, Crouzeix-Raviart nonconforming and P^viart-Thomas mixed finite element methods in the Poisson model problem. The three constants and their dependences on some maximal angle in the triangulation are indeed all comparable and allow accurate a priori error control.

关键词： Error estimates Conforming Nonconforming Mixed Finite element method.

Significance of intercellular communication for neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1015-1017页

作者： Hilal Cihankaya carsten Theiss Veronika Matschke Ruhr University Bochum Medical FacultyInstitute of AnatomyDepartment of CytologyBochumGermany International Graduate School of Neuroscience(IGSN) Ruhr-University BochumBochumGermany

The nervous system is a highly complex organization composed of its basicunit,the neuronal cells,and specialized supporting cells,the glial *** main glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS)are astrocytes,microgl... 详细信息

关键词： cytes diseases degenerative

VEGF in the nervous system: an important target for research in neurodevelopmental and regenerative medicine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1725-1726页

作者： Matthias Dumpich carsten Theiss Faculty of Medicine Institute of Anatomy Department of Cytology Ruhr-University Bochum

Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）in neurodevelopment and regeneration：VEGF is a well-known factor that promotes vascularization and *** this it participates in the pathogenesis of several diseases,such as colorectal carcinoma,lung cancer or diabetic *** the last decade,VEGF has been successfully integrated into the treatment of such diseases,for example as a therapy for colorectal cancer with the VEGF-receptor （VEGFR）-inhibitor axitinib.

关键词： VEGF in the nervous system an important target for research in neurodevelopmental and regenerative medicine