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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 347-348页

作者： professor robert h getzenberg professor h Ballentine Carter Department of Urology The Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Urology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD 21287 USA

2011 was a noteworthy year for those interested in the care of patients with prostate cancer. First, the US Preventive Services Task Force （USPSTF） released an update on prostate cancer screening, and recommended against the use of the prostate-specific antigen （PSA） test for all men, regardless of family history or race. While this surprised many in the field, the conclusion that there is more harm than benefit is inescapable on a population level--the focus of the USPSTF. Most men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer have favorable risk disease and are at an age when treatment is unlikely to extend life---a conclusion that is supported by randomized trials. Second, the National Institutes of health convened a ＇State of the Science＇ conference on active surveillance for prostate cancer, and concluded that the rates of overtreatment of prostate cancer are high and surveillance is greatly underutilized. Both the USPSTF and the National Institutes of health conference were prompted in large part by the recognition that widespread PSA testing leads to prostate biopsies that often uncover indolent disease. In the majority of cases,

关键词： helping prostate cancer

Tools to identify the men with prostate cancer most appropriate for active surveillance？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 97-98页

作者： robert h getzenberg GTx Inc. Memphis TN USA

Agreat deal of effort is underway in order .to identify those men with prostatecancer felicitous for active surveillance with greater precision than that afforded to us today. In the manuscript by Irshad et al. the authors evaluate a novel set of genes associated with senescence and aging as tools that can provide guidance regarding the indolent nature of an individual＇s prostate cancer with validation using both mRNA and protein analyses. While additional studies are required to understand the full impact of these findings, the innovative approach taken enhances our understanding of distinct phenotypes of prostate cancer.

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how do we define “castration” in men on androgen deprivation therapy?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第5期22卷 441-446页

作者： Sarin Itty robert h getzenberg Dr.Kiran C.Patel College of Allopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL33328USA

Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)is the mainstay for the treatment of advanced prostate *** the clinical evolution from surgical orchiectomy,we have typically used ADT and orchiectomy to be synonymous terms for *** goal of this study is to determine if,in contemporary medical practice,surgical and chemical castration provide for similar levels of diminishment of total and free ***,what approaches should be used to most accurately measure testosterone levels in men with advanced prostate cancer and what cutoff values,for example for total testosterone 50 ng dl-1 or 20 ng dl-1,should be *** available in the literature have been analyzed and compiled to address these ***,evidence is provided that free testosterone,the biologically active component,should be utilized to provide clinically relevant state of castration.

关键词： androgen androgen deprivation therapy castration free testosterone testosterone

Novel approaches for the molecular classification of prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 620-622页

作者： robert h. getzenberg Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore 21287 MD USA

Among the urologic cancers, prostate cancer is by far the most common, and it appears to have the potential to affect almost all men throughout the world as they age. A number of studies have shown that many men with prostate cancer will not die from their disease, but rather with the disease but from other causes. These men have a form of prostate cancer that is described as ＂very low risk＂ and has often been called indolent.

关键词： Prostate Cancer (genus) Neoplasms Men Beers Aluminium Classification

Cancer/testis antigens： novel tools for discerning aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 400-404,I0006页

作者： Takumi Shiraishi robert h getzenberg Prakash Kulkarni Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Baltimore M D 21287 USA Department of Urology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan Department of Oncology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Baltimore MD 21287 USA pharmacology and Molecular Sciences The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA

The introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） in the 1980s has dramatically altered and benefited the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer. however, the widespread use of PSA testing has resulted in overdetection and overtreatment of potentially indolent disease. Thus, a clinical dilemma today in the management of prostate cancer is to discern men with aggressive disease who need definitive treatment from men whose disease are not lethal. Although several serum and tissue biomarkers have been evaluated during the past decade, improved markers are still needed to enhance the accuracy, with which patients at risk can be discerned and treated more aggressively. The cancer/testis antigens （CTAs） are a group of proteins that are restricted to the testis in the normal adult, but are aberrantly expressed in several types of cancers. Because of their restricted expression pattern, the CTAs represent attractive biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis/prognosis. Furthermore, several studies to date have reported the differential expression of CTAs in prostate cancer. here, we review recent developments that demonstrate the potential of the CTAs as biomarkers to discern the a^ressive Dhenotvoe of orostate cancer.

关键词： cancer/testis antigens DNA microarrays prostate cancer prostate carcinoma tumor antigen

Cyr61 is a potential prognostic marker for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 405-408,I0006页

作者： Naoki Terada Prakash Kulkarni robert h getzenberg Department of Urology the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore M D 21287 USA Department of Urology Oncology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA

Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 （Cyr61） is an extracellular matrix protein involved in the transduction of growth factor and hormone signaling that is frequently altered in expression in several types of cancers. In prostate cancer （PCa）, Cyr61 is highly expressed in organ-confined disease. Further, Cyr61 expression levels are associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence, and can be quantitatively measured in the serum. Considered together, these results indicate that Cyr61 is a potential and clinically useful tissue, as well as serum-based biomarker for differentiating lethal and non-lethal PCa.

关键词： Cyr61 lethal prostate cancer non-lethal prostate cancer overdiagnosis overtreatment prostate cancer

-lormone levels following surgical and medical castration： defining optimal androgen suppression

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第4期20卷 405-406页

作者： Michael T Schweizer Michael L hancock robert h getzenberg Evan Y Yu Division of Oncology Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA 98116 USA Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA 98116 USA Veru healthcare Miami FL 33137 USA

Dear Editor, In the 1940s, Charles huggins discovered that surgical castration produced remarkable palliative benefits for men with advanced prostate cancer, an effect we now understand to be mediated through deprivi... 详细信息

关键词： FREE TESTOSTERONE DEPRIVATION ThERAPY PROSTATE-CANCER ADRENAL-GLANDS MEN

Resisting Economic Coercion

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China Today 2024年第6期73卷 20-23页

作者： robert WALKER Green Templeton College University of Oxford The Jingshi Academy at Beijing Normal University The Royal Society of Arts The Academy of Social Sciences

professor Alena Douhan is a Special Rapporteur for the United Nations and a human rights *** visited China in May as part of her mandate to investigate the humanitarian consequences of the unilateral coercive measures imposed on China.“Unilateral coercive measures”are what other people tend to call sanctions-or trade embargoes or punitive *** her visit,professor Douhan met government officials,representatives of the legislative and judicial branches,members of the diplomatic community and academia,and stakeholders from business and non-governmental organisations.

关键词： consequences imposed measures

Commentary on: Mobley AJ, Lam YW, Lau KM, Pais VM, Lesperance JO, Steadman B, et al. Monitoring the serological Proteome Colon, the latest modality in prostate cancer detection. J Urol 2004; 172: 331-7.

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2004年第4期6卷 283-283页

作者： robert h.getzenberg Department of Urology

This manuscript examines the utility, utilizing the Ciphergen Protein Biosystem II, to develop a fingerprint for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The investigators compared samples from control individuals as well as... 详细信息

关键词： Biological Markers humans Male Peptide Mapping Prognosis Prostatic Neoplasms Proteome

Effect of surgical procedures on prostate tumor gene expression profiles

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 708-714页

作者： lie Li Zhi-hong Zhang Chang-lun Yin Christian Pavlovich Jun Luo robert getzenberg Wei Zhang Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospita Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Department of Urology The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Current surgical treatment of prostate cancer is typically accomplished by either open radical prostatectomy （ORP） or robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy （RALRP）. Intra-operative procedural differences between the two surgical approaches may alter the molecular composition of resected surgical specimens, which are indispensable for molecular analysis and biomarker evaluation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different surgical procedures on RNA quality and genome-wide expression signature. RNA integrity number （RIN） values were compared between total RNA samples extracted from consecutive LRP （n= 11） and ORP （n= 24） prostate specimens. Expression profiling was performed using the Agilent human whole-genome expression microarrays. Expression differences by surgicat type were analyzed by Volcano plot analysis and gene ontology analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription （RT）-PCR was used for expression validation in an independent set of LRP （n=8） and ORP （n=8） samples. The LRP procedure did not compromise RNA integrity. Differential gene expression by surgery types was limited to a small subset of genes, the number of which was smaller than that expected by chance. Unexpectedly, this small subset of differentially expressed genes was enriched for those encoding transcription factors, oxygen transporters and other previously reported surgery-induced stress-response genes, and demonstrated unidirectional reduction in LRP specimens in comparison to ORP specimens. The effect of the LRP procedure on RNA quality and genome-wide transcript levels is negligible, supporting the suitability of LRP surgical specimens for routine molecular analysis. Blunted in vivo stress response in LRP specimens, likely mediated by CO2 insufflation but not by longer ischemia time, is manifested in the reduced expression of stress-response genes in these specimens.

关键词： CO2 insufflation expression microarray laparoscopic radical prostatectomy open radical prostatectomy prostate cancer stress response