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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.Graham Johannes c.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang Martin W.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

生成式人工智能应用于开放教育:机遇、挑战和应用场景

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成人教育 2024年第6期44卷 56-61页

作者：齐元沂王腊梅上海开放大学上海市电视中等专业学校上海200043 上海开放大学上海开放远程教育工程技术研究中心上海200043

以chatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能在教育领域引起了广泛关注与讨论,其自然流畅、简单易用的问答式学习体验具有极大的吸引力。从生成式人工智能的概况入手,基于生成式人工智能在开放教育中应用的需求逻辑,探讨了生成式人工智能在开放教... 详细信息

以chatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能在教育领域引起了广泛关注与讨论,其自然流畅、简单易用的问答式学习体验具有极大的吸引力。从生成式人工智能的概况入手,基于生成式人工智能在开放教育中应用的需求逻辑,探讨了生成式人工智能在开放教育中应用的机遇和挑战。提出了生成式人工智能在开放教育领域应用的可能场景,包括极简高效的信息搜索应用模式、高度自然人机交互的“对话式学习”、私人智能助理支持下的个性化学习服务和基于“复合脑”的学习评价。

关键词：生成式人工智能 chatGPT 开放教育

A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+breast cancer cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 287-299页

作者： Braulio Andrés Ortega Quesada Jonathan cuccia Rachael coates Blake Nassar Ethan Littlefield Elizabeth c.Martin Adam T.Melvin cain Department of chemical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of chemical and Biological Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department Medicine Section Hematology and Medical OncologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to *** is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer;however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause *** this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress(FSS)found in human vasculature was designed and *** device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of FSS on McF-7 cell line,an estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer cell line,during circulation in the *** of the effects of FSS on McF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches:single cell analysis and bulk *** single cell analysis,cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device(on-chip).Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting(off-chip).It was found that cells exposed to an FSS magnitude of 10 dyn/cm^(2) with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the McF-7 cell line at a single cell *** understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression,on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK,AKT,and JAK/*** demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKT,p-mTOR,and p-STAT3 were ***,there was no change in p-ERK1/*** is a mediator of ER rapid signaling,analysis of phosphorylated ERαwas carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were *** together these results demonstrate that FSS can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer *** findin

关键词： fluid breast estrogen

Further investigation on the fusion of ^(6)Li with ^(209)Bi target at near-barrier energies

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chinese Physics c 2024年第7期48卷 106-117页

作者：张高龙焦振威张广鑫 M.R.cortes 胡世鹏钱建强 D.Mengoni 屈卫卫李聪博郑云张焕乔孙慧斌王楠张春雷 J.J.Valiente-Dobón D.Testov M.Mazzocco A.Gozzelino c.Parascandolo D.Pierroutsakou M.la commara A.Goasduff D.Bazzacco D.R.Napoli F.Galtarossa F.Recchia A.Illana S.Bakes I.Zanon S.Aydin G.de Angelis M.Siciliano R.Menegazzo S.M.Lenzi J.L.Ferreira J.Rangel Serkan Akkoyun L.F.canto J.Lubian School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy&Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key laboratory of Research and Manufacture of High Purity Germanium Materials and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China INFN Sezione di PadovaPadovaItaly Dipartimento di fisica Astronomia dell'Universita di padova PadovaItaly State Key laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China china Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China The Key laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China INFN Laboratori Nazionali di LegnaroI-35020 LegnaroItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliI-80126 NapoliItaly Dipartimento di Farmacia Universitàdi Napoli"Federico II"I-80131 NapoliItaly Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkiye Physics Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont-ILUSA Departamento de Matemaética Física e Computaç˜ao Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFaculdade de Tecnologia27537-000ResendeRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Physics Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCP 6852821941-972Rio de JaneiroBrazil

The complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for ^(6)Li+^(209)Bi were measured using the in-beamγ-ray method around the coulomb *** cross sections of(deuteron captured)incomplete fusion(IcF)products were re-quantified experimentally for this reaction *** results reveal that the IcF cross section is equivalent to that of complete fusion(cF)above the coulomb barrier and dominant near or below the coulomb barrier.A theoretical calculation based on the continuum discretized coupled channel(cDcc)method was performed for the aforementioned cF and IcF cross sections;the result is consistent with the *** universal fusion function(UFF)was also compared with the measured cF cross section for different barrier parameters,demonstrating that the cF suppression factor is significantly influenced by the choice of potential,which can reflect both dynamic and static effects of breakup on the fusion process.

关键词： cross section incomplete fusion suppression factor weakly bound nuclei

SARS-coV-2 variants are associated with different clinical courses in children with MIS-c

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 143-152页

作者： Andres F.Moreno Rojas Emelia Bainto Helen Harvey Adriana H.Tremoulet Jane c.Burns Kirsten B.Dummer Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric CardiologyUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s Hospital3020 Children’s Way MC 5004San DiegoCA 92123USA Kawasaki Disease Research center La JollaCAUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Critical CareUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA

Background Recent infection with SARS‑coV-2 in children has been associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-c).SARS‑coV-2 has undergone different *** publications exist about specific variants and their correlation with the severity of *** This was a single-center,retrospective study including all patients admitted with MIS-c at Rady children’s Hospital-San Diego between May 2020 and March *** epidemiologic data,including viral genomic information,were obtained from public ***,clinical presentation,laboratory values,and outcomes were obtained from electronic medical *** The analysis included 104 pediatric *** MIS-c waves were *** variants in San Diego during the first wave included clades 20A to *** the second wave,there were variants from clades 20A to c,20G,21c(Epsilon),20I(Alpha),and 20J(Gamma).The third wave had Delta strains(clades 21A,21I,and 21J),and the fourth had Omicron variants(clades 21K,21L,and 22c).MIS-c presented with similar symptoms and laboratory findings across all *** patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PIcU)(74%)and required inotropic support(63%)during the second *** of the patients required mechanical circulatory support,and only two required invasive ventilatory *** was no *** The various strains of SARS-coV-2 triggered MIS-c with differing severities,with the second wave having a more severe clinical *** the differences in disease severity across variants were due to changes in the virus or other factors remains unknown.

关键词： complications cOVID-19 MIS-c SARS-coV-2 variants

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西藏交通警察道路执法工作的风险与防范

时代汽车 2024年第12期 184-186页

作者：尼桑拉西藏警官高等专科学校西藏拉萨850000

西藏自治区自然、地理与气候环境复杂且特殊,道路交通环境相对恶劣,这导致当地交通警察道路执法工作面临诸多风险,包括警员人身安全和执法效能等风险。对此,文章对西藏交通警察道路执法工作风险进行了调查分析,从地区环境、警员安全意... 详细信息

西藏自治区自然、地理与气候环境复杂且特殊,道路交通环境相对恶劣,这导致当地交通警察道路执法工作面临诸多风险,包括警员人身安全和执法效能等风险。对此,文章对西藏交通警察道路执法工作风险进行了调查分析,从地区环境、警员安全意识与技能、执法装备、社会宣传和教育等角度探讨了相关风险的成因,针对性相关风险成因,提出从优化警力配置与道路信息推送、加强警员培训、完善警务装备、加强法治化宣传教育等工作来消除相关风险,以期保障警员安全并改善西藏交通环境。

关键词：西藏道路执法信息推送警用装备法治化 harsh which leads to the local traﬃc police road law enforcement work to face a lot of risks including the personal safety of the police oﬃcers and law enforcement eﬀectiveness and other risks. In this regard this paper investigates and analyzes the risks of road law enforcement work of the Xi Zang traﬃc police discusses the causes of the risks from the perspectives of regional environment police safety awareness and skills law enforcement equipment social publicity and education and proposes to eliminate the risks by optimizing the allocation of police force and road information delivery strengthening police training improving police equipment and strengthening the rule of law publicity and education etc. so as to guarantee the safety of police oﬃcers and improve the eﬀectiveness of law enforcement so as to ensure the safety of police oﬃcers and improve the traﬃc environment in Xi Zang.

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Single-photon-level light storage with distributed Rydberg excitations in cold atoms

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Frontiers of physics 2022年第2期17卷 25-32页

作者： Hanxiao Zhang Jinhui Wu M.Artoni G.c.la Rocca center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Department of Engineering and Information Technology and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica(INO-cNR) Brescia University25133 BresciaItaly Scuola Normale Superiore and cNISM 56126 PisaItaly

We present an improved version of the superatom(SA)model to examine the slow-light dynamics of a few-photons signal field in cold Rydberg atoms with van der Waals(vdW)interactions.A main feature of this version is that it promises consistent estimations on total Rydberg excitations based on dynamic equations of SAs or *** consider two specific cases in which the incident signal field contains more photons with a smaller detuning or less photons with a larger detuning so as to realize the single-photon-level light *** is found that vdW interactions play a significant role even for the slow-light dynamics of a single-photon signal field as distributed Rydberg excitations are inevitable in the picture of dark-state ***,the stored(retrieved)signal field exhibits a clearly asymmetric(more symmetric)profile because its leading and trailing edges undergo different(identical)traveling journeys,and higher storage/retrieval efficiencies with well preserved profiles apply only to weaker and well detuned signal *** findings are crucial to understand the nontrivial interplay of single-photon-level light storage and distributed Rydberg excitations.

关键词： few-photons light storage distributed Rydberg excitation cold Rydberg atom improved superatom model

Long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine Ecosystem Monitoring Program

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 132-140页

作者： Mariana A.JUÁRES AnahíM.SILVESTRO Brenda c.ALFONSO M.Mercedes SANTOS Departamento Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA)Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina consejo Nacional de Investigaciones científicas y Técnicas(cONIcET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina laboratorios Anexos Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1904AMAArgentina INEDES(cONIcET-UNLu) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Facultad de ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA) Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina

In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/*** yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies ***,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining ***,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study ***,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under *** the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza ***,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.

关键词： long-term monitoring Adélie penguin breeding pairs chicks crèched breeding success population trends

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A phylogenetic approach identifies patterns of beta diversity and floristic subregions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 59-69页

作者： Haibin Yu Man Yang Zixin Lu Weitao Wang Fangyuan Yu Yonghua Zhang Xue Yin Hongjun Yu Junjie Hu David c.Deane Key laboratory of conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South china School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Ecology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityShenzhen 510275China School of Geography and Remote Sensing Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China college of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China centre for Future landscapes and Department of Environment and Genetics La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity and their relationships with environmental correlates can help reveal the origin and evolutionary history of regional *** Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)harbors an exceptionally diverse flora,however,a phylogenetic perspective has rarely been used to investigate its beta diversity and floristic *** this study,we used a phylogenetic approach to identify patterns of beta diversity and quantitatively delimit floristic regions on the Qinghai-Tibet *** also examined the relationships between multifaceted beta diversity,geographical distance,and climatic difference,and evaluated the relative importance of various factors(i.e.,climate,topography and history)in shaping patterns of beta diversity.Sørensen dissimilarity indices indicated that patterns of species turnover among sites dominated the *** also found that patterns of both taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity were significantly related to geographical distance and climatic *** environmental factors that contributed most to these patterns of beta diversity include annual precipitation,mean annual temperature,climatic gradients and climatic *** dendrograms of dissimilarity and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on phylogenetic beta diversity data identified ten floristic subregions in the *** results suggest that the contemporary environment and historical climate changes have filtered species composition among sites and eventually determined beta diversity patterns of plants in the QTP.

关键词： Biogeographical regionalization Phylogenetic beta diversity Seed plants Sørensen dissimilarity Qinghai-Tibet Plateau