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Bio-Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer Management:Befriending the Barriers

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第9期13卷 238-291页

作者： Shruti rawal Mayur Patel Department of Pharmaceutics Institute of PharmacyNirma UniversitySG HighwayChharodiAhmedabadGujarat 382481India

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is a complex thoracic malignancy developing consequential to aberrations in a myriad of molecular and biomolecular signaling *** is one of the most lethal forms of cancers accounting to almost 1.8 million new annual incidences,bearing overall mortality to incidence ratio of *** dismal prognostic scenario at advanced stages of the disease and metastatic/resistant tumor cell populations stresses the requisite of advanced translational interdisciplinary interventions such as *** review article deliberates insights and apprehensions on the recent prologue of nanobioengineering and bionanotechnology as an approach for the clinical management of lung *** role of nanobioengineered(bio-nano)tools like bio-nanocarriers and nanobiodevices in secondary prophylaxis,diagnosis,therapeutics,and theranostics for lung cancer management has been ***,bioinspired,and biomimetic bio-nanotools of considerate translational value have been *** on existent oncostrategies,their critical comparison with bio-nanocarriers,and issues hampering their clinical bench side to bed transformation have also been summarized.

关键词： Biomimetic nanoparticles Exosomes Circulating tumor cells Mesenchymal stem cells Theranostics

Integrated Bi2O3 nanostructure modified with Au nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2017年第3期27卷 289-296页

作者： Hankwon Lim Sher Bahadur rawal Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering Catholic University of Daegu

An integrated Bi2O3（i-Bi2O3） nanostructure with a particle size 10 nm inducing agglomerated structure were synthesized by dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in diethylene glycol at 180 ℃ with post heat *** prepared i-Bi2O3nanostructures were employed for the construction of Au/i-Bi2O3composite system and characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern,UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）,and transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoemission spectroscopy（XPS） and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS）.The i-Bi2O3nanostructure and Au/i-Bi2O3composite system were found to exhibit high photocatalytic activity than commercial Bi2O3in decomposing salicylic acid under visible light *** high catalytic activity of i-Bi2O3nanostructure was deduced to be caused by charge separation facilitated by electron hopping between the particles within the integrated structure and space-charge separation between i-Bi2O3and *** charge separation behavior in i-Bi2O3nanostructure was further bolstered by comparing the *** radical produced in the solution with i-Bi2O3nanostructure,commercial Bi2O3and Au/i-Bi2O3composite which readily react with 1,4-terephthalic acid（TA） inducing 2-hydroxy terephthalic acid（TAOH） that shows unique fluorescence peak at 426 *** space-charge separation between i-Bi2O3and An was confirmed by measuring the electron spin resonance（ESR） spectra.

关键词： Integrated Bi2O3 nanostructure Organic pollutant mineralization Photocatalyst Salicylic Acid(SA) Visible light

An approach for selection of solid waste treatment and disposal methods based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第4期4卷 311-322页

作者： Amarjeet Kumar Atul Sharma Nekram rawal Department of Civil Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadAllahabad211004India

Solid waste management is a severe challenge in India due to massive and rapid growth in waste generation rates,environmental difficulties,and financial constraints for proper *** managed municipal solid waste(MSW)has substantial negative consequences for society,including financial and aesthetic harm,contamination of natural resources,environmental pollution,and severe health *** qualitative and quantitative factors are required to select the appropriate solid waste treatment and disposal ***-Criteria decision-making tools helped in analyzing solid waste in terms of qualitative and quantitative *** this paper,seven criteria and their sub-criteria are selected for ranking solid waste treatment and disposal technology using fuzzy-analytic hierarchy *** results showed that composting is the most suitable option for solid waste treatment and disposal technology,followed by refuse-derived *** incineration and sanitary landfills are the least preferred MSW management *** sensitivity analysis reveals a high consistency,robustness,and stability level.

关键词： Fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process Solid waste management Composting Refuse-derived fuel Incineration

Effects of Disturbance Intensities on Vegetation Patterns in Oak Forests of Kumaun,West Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 157-165页

作者： Ranbeer S.rawal Sanjay GAIROLA Uppeandra DHAR G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development School of Agriculture Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal Department of Botany Hamdard University(Jamia Hamdard)

In order to realize the significance of oak forests for ecology and economy of the Himalayan region,the present study attempts to objectively characterize disturbance intensities and their impacts on compositional features of identified Oak forests, ***-oak(Quercus leucotrichophora ***), Tilonj-oak(*** Lindley)and Kharsu-oak(Q. semecarpifolia ***)in west Himalaya. Amongst studied forests,*** and Q. semecarpifolia forests exhibited high sensitivity towards disturbance *** both forests, increasing level of disturbance significantly lowered tree density,dominance and natural recruitment (seedling and sapling density).*** forests, however,appeared relatively more resilient to anthropogenic *** studied oak forests,*** forests with overall poor natural regeneration are in a most critically endangered demographic ***,a slightly improved regeneration(i.e.,seedling density)in moderately disturbed plots is indicative that such plots may be utilized most suitably for in situ revival of these *** of disturbance intensities on tree population is an important subject for forest ecology and management and the present study highlights a need for adopting different management strategies across disturbance intensities in diverse oak forests of west Himalaya.

关键词： Forest vegetation Anthropogenic disturbance Oak forests west Himalaya

Assessing Conservation Values of Forest Communities in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve: Plant Diversity, Species Distribution and Endemicity

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 878-890页

作者： Balwant RAWAT Sanjay GAIROLA Ranbeer S.rawal G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Society for the Conservation of Nature Parnkuti Anantpur University Road Sharjah Seed Bank & Herbarium Laboratory Sharjah Research Academy University of Sharjah

Present study has been conducted in a biodiversity rich Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve between 2000-3800 m in two different forest physiognomy holding sites to analyze the structure and composition of the forest communities including richness of native, non native and endemic species,and suggest conservation values at community and reserve level.A total of 60 sites were sampled and grouped in 11 and 8 communities for two representative sites Pindari-Sunderdhunga-Kafni(PSK) and Lata-Tolma-Phagti(LTP) *** the sampled sites, 451 species(11.8%, 53 trees;17.71%, 80 shrubs; and 70.51%, 318 herbs) have been *** general, PSK site represented 73.6% and LTP site represented only 54.9% of the total plant species recorded in the study *** of total species in PSK site, native species contributed 59.6%(198spp.) and 24.7% species were endemic and near *** LTP site, 66.5% species were Himalayan natives and 33.5% were endemic and near *** species richness ranged from 4-23 ind ha-1(tree),3-18 ind ha-1(sapling), 5-19 ind ha-1(seedling) in PSK site and 4-18 ind ha-1(tree), 4-11 ind ha-1(sapling), 4-16 ind ha-1(seedling) in LTP *** density ranged from 260-535 ind ha-1(tree), 145-633 ind ha-1(sapling), 1450-8170 ind ha-1(seedling) in PSK site and 599-1211 ind ha-1(tree), 70-951 ind ha-1(sapling),470-1665 ind ha-1(seedling) in LTP *** diversity for trees ranged from 0.73-3.37, saplings,0.64-2.67, seedlings, 0.70-2.51, shrubs, 1-2.34 and herbs, 2.02-3.21 in PSK site and 0.63-1.61, saplings,0.76-1.36, seedlings, 0.35-1.79, shrubs, 0.98-2.73 and herbs, 2.48-3.61 in LTP *** recorded values were almost comparable with the studies conducted in sub-tropical, temperate and sub-alpine regions of the west *** some cases the values were slightly higher than the reported *** important communities with high conservation values have been identified based on different ecological parameters and species *** all the

关键词： Biosphere reserve Structure Composition Native Endangered Conservation

Structural,Wettability and Optical Investigation of Titanium Oxynitride Coatings:Effect of Various Sputtering Parameters

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第6期28卷 512-523页

作者： Sushant K rawal Amit Kumar Chawla R.Jayaganthan Ramesh Chandra Centre of Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667India Nano Science Laboratory Institute Instrumentation CentreIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667India Department of Mechanical Engineering Charotar University of Science and TechnologyChanga 388421India Department of Physics University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun-48007India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667India

The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of various sputtering parameters such as nitrogen flow rate, deposition time and sputtering pressure on structural, wettability and optical properties of titanium oxynitride films deposited on glass substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering. The X-ray diffraction graphs of titanium oxynitride films show evolution of various textures of TiO=N and TiN phases with increasing nitrogen flow rate and deposition time, but an increase in sputtering pressure from 4.0 to 8.0 Pa results in decline of various textures observed for TiO=Ny and TiN phases. The stress and strain calculated by sin2~ method are compressive, which decrease with increasing nitrogen flow rate from 55 to I00 sccm （standard cubic centimeter per minute） and increase with increasing deposition time from 80 to I40 min due to atomic penning effect and increasing thickness of the deposited films. The titanium oxynitride films have contact angle values above 90 deg., indicating that films are hydrophobic. The maximum contact angle of I09.1 deg. is observed at deposition time of 140 min. This water repellent property can add value to potential protective, wear and corrosion resistant application of titanium oxynitride films. The band gap decreases from 1.98 to 1.83 eV as nitrogen flow rate is increased from 55 to 100 sccm; it decreases from 1.93 to 1.79 eV as deposition time is increased from 80 to 140 min as more nitrogen incorporation results in higher negative potential of valence band N2p orbital. But it increases from 2.26 to 2.34 eV for titanium oxynitride films as sputtering pressure increases from 4.0 to 8.0 Pa.

关键词： Titanium oxynitride Sputtering parameters Contact angle Optical properties

A Study on the Impact of Trade Deficit on Economy in Nepal

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A Study on the Impact of Trade Deficit on Economy in Nepal

作者： Seniha rawal 南京理工大学

学位级别：硕士

This study aspires to investigate the impact of trade deficit on the economy of *** studies the causes of trade deficit in *** has a very long history of trade ***’s trade performance over a decade persisted less satisfactory,leading to a huge trade deficit on goods and *** economy is vigorously reliant on imports of necessary materials and foreign markets for its forest and agriculture *** deficit is demolishing occupations,discouraging wages,harming *** trade deficit has hurt the household economy of *** nation is bringing in more merchandise from outside organizations,costs are low,and domestic organizations can’t deliver things that rival lower *** have been to analyze the various reasons of trade deficit and its effect on the economy of *** series data through 2000/01 to 2017/18 and regression model are used to explain the impact of trade deficit on *** main causes of trade deficit are political instability and conflict,budget deficit,geographical structure and trade *** regression result shows a significant negative impact of the trade deficit on the economy of *** addition,the results also show that Human development has significant positive effect on *** with a higher HDI means that the lifespan is more,the education levels are higher along with high per capita *** makes the country a developed *** creating new income and employment-generation opportunities,particularly for vulnerable communities,trade can promote human development and help countries achieve the development *** the same time,Gross Fixed Capital Formation also has a significant positive impact on Nepal’s *** accumulation is considered as an important factor of economic *** helps in meeting all the requirements of an increasing population in a developing *** capital formation leads to the proper exploitation of natural resources and

关键词： Trade Deficit Economy Nepal

The License Plate Detection and Recognition Methods Based on Deep Learning Networks

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The License Plate Detection and Recognition Methods Based on...

作者： Javed rawal 南京师范大学

学位级别：硕士

机器视觉和人工智能的最新进展增强了对汽车和其他道路物体的识别。车辆对于人类交通至关重要，可以节省日常生活中的时间。车牌检测和识别是智能交通系统的基础，通常用于许多现实世界的监控系统。然而，由于高速公路上的汽车交通违法... 详细信息

机器视觉和人工智能的最新进展增强了对汽车和其他道路物体的识别。车辆对于人类交通至关重要，可以节省日常生活中的时间。车牌检测和识别是智能交通系统的基础，通常用于许多现实世界的监控系统。然而，由于高速公路上的汽车交通违法行为、停车欺诈收费、高速公路上的高速行驶和车辆钢化等问题迅速增加，准确的车牌检测成为一个新兴问题。因此，为了安全起见，检测和识别车辆的车牌至关重要。通过检测车牌获得的更多信息可用于多种用途，例如搜索可疑车辆、访问和流量控制以及打击犯罪。车牌检测算法可以分为不同的类型，例如传统的车牌检测算法和基于深度学习的车牌检测算法。手动提取信息，然后使用分类器评估该区域是否对应于实际车辆定义了传统的车辆目标检测工作。这种方法具有速度快的优点，但在复杂情况下检测精度较低，例如在恶劣天气和光线不好的情况下。此外，已经使用了不同的算法、技术和系统来获取准确和精确的信息，但是在这个领域仍然需要改进。一些研究在光线不足、图像模糊、车牌不规范和图像采集不规则的情况下，对恶劣复杂条件下的小型车牌检测进行了研究，大多数目标检测模型未能提供可接受的呈现.因此，在这项研究中，我们开发了一种可靠的车牌检测模型，可以在各种光照条件和角度下工作。此外，还根据各种车牌开发了定制模型。为此，基于CNN架构的Yolov4已被用于下载和训练图像，它可以检测对象作为项目元素、形状和轮廓之间相似性的度量，以及从上下文和无边缘考虑的选项.这些问题没有得到妥善解决，但现在随着机器检测策略的进步，这些问题正在顺利解决，因为神经网络或深度学习算法可以准确地检测车辆的车牌和字符识别。牌照检测阶段提取输入汽车牌照的一部分，从中可以找到可能的牌照。如果没有车牌检测，车牌识别将很难区分车牌号码和电话号码和交通标志等其他字符。传统算法依赖于人工提取数据，例如车牌的颜色和其他不同或共同的特征来确定位置。但是，如果之前没有对信息进行编码，那么整个图片中的信息将无法准确检测。深度学习算法可以去除标记的图像并使图像清晰，它依赖于图像信息的数据像素。更深层次的组织可以去除其他细节特征，另外还可以突出实际不易提取的特征。　　对于任何从事机器学习工作的人来说，在图片中发现和定位单个对象的能力是必不可少的知识。近年来，车牌检测等学科的目标检测算法在许多交通现实中取得了巨大的发展。人工智能的最新进展使这种增长成为可能。在光照差、图像模糊、车牌不规范、图像采集不规则等情况下，绝大多数物体检测模型都无法产生令人满意的表现。在过去十年中，不仅居住在这个国家的人数增加了，路上的汽车数量也增加了。车牌检测在各种应用中变得非常重要，包括访问控制和交通监控。不受控制的环境因素，如照明条件、模糊的照片、非标准化的车牌和不规则的图像采集限制了车牌检测的准确性。车牌识别和检测是智能交通管理系统(ITMS)领域最先进和快速增长的研究领域之一。车牌检测和识别有助于识别车辆的车牌，这是ITMS的一个重要方面，用于自动征收道路税、安装交通信号灯、边境和支付障碍，以及监控异常行为。组织可以使用车牌检测和识别系统来跟踪他们的车辆并在关键业务活动中监控它们，例如进出物流、查找车辆的确切位置以及管理入口。深度CNN在基于图像的一般分类、检测和定位任务中具有广泛的应用，在道路场景的上下文中也是如此。使用足够的可以表示为空间网格的标记数据以监督方式训练网络是可能的。然而，有几个明确的策略和方法可用于扩展本文中描述的框架。我们还可以协助车辆识别、车型识别、交通控制、车速控制和车辆跟踪。我们还可以检测任何国家的车牌。不同的颜色可以用来表示任何国家的不同省份。根据训练数据，我们可以自动检测字符的语言。与查找车主登记详细信息相比，它可以提供许多优势，包括交通安全执法、安全（在出现可疑车辆行为时的安全性、易用性和即时信息可用性）。由于我们在小级别上工作，所以我们只使用3个汽车图像进行学习过程，但我们也可以增加图像的数量。因为我们使用GoogleColab模拟器作为学习环境。我们可以将这种工作环境转变为未来发展的真实环境。　　深度学习极大地改变了该领域，以至于从业者现在相对容易在小型数据集上训练模型并实现高精度和高速度。许多专家正在尝试解决开发可靠且准确的自主车牌识别系统的开放性问题。最近提出了几种方法，包括深度学习技术，用于检测和识别车牌。但是，这些方法只能用于某些领域或私人收集的数据。为了缓解车辆拥挤带来的挑战，交通部门部署了智能交通系统来检测和识别车辆和车牌。为智能监控系统收集一致且准确的车辆轨迹信息至关重要。本研究的目的是开发在不同环境中检测车牌和字符识别的方法。车牌检测和识别由三个主要部分组成。一是车牌检测，二是字符分割，最后是字符识别。近年来，深度学习方法在计算机可视化、语音识别、字符识别以及人工智能和处理速度等其他领域取得了突出的成果。而

关键词：深度学习车牌检测字符识别 YoloV4 智能交通系统

The present status and future prospects of forest vegetation in part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve(a World Heritage Site),India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 897-904页

作者： Balwant Rawat Sanjay Gairola K.Chandra Sekar Ranbeer S.rawal G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Kosi-KatarmalAlmoraUttarakhand 263643India Forest Ecology and Environment Division Forest Research InstituteDehradunUttarakhand 248006India Society for the Conservation of Nature Parnkuti Anantpur University RoadRewaMadhya PradeshIndia

We studied forest vegetation at Lata-Tolma- Phagti, a protected area and part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in the western Himalaya. We analyzed community composition, population structure, regeneration patterns, and projected development of future compositional patterns. We sampled ten 10 x 10 m quadrat for tree species in each of 30 forest stands. We sampled shrubs in ten 5 x 5 m quadrat, and herbs in twenty 1 x 1 m quadrat within each forest stand. We recorded 248 plant species from 8 forest communities. Broadly the demographic profiles at study sites exhibited progressive structures suggesting long term persistence of the communities/species. Density--diameter distribution revealed greater proportions of seedlings and a significant decline （P 〈 0.05） in the proportion of trees in older age/size classes. Of the 23 recorded tree species, 13.0 % showed good, 52.2 % fair, 26.1% poor and 8.7 % no regeneration. Differences in regeneration by species are indicative of future foreststructure and dynamics. Assessment of changes in structure of forest types provides baseline data for development of priorities for conservation of other representative land- scapes in the reserve as well as in the Himalaya.

关键词： Regeneration pattern Population structure Compositional changes