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Metformin toxicity: A meta-summary of case reports

World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第8期13卷 654-664页

作者： Deven Juneja prashant Nasa Ravi Jain Institute of Critical Care Medicine Max Super Speciality HospitalSaketNew Delhi 110017India Department of Critical Care Medicine NMC Specialty HospitalDubai 7832United Arab Emirates Department of Critical Care Medicine Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and HospitalJaipur 302022India

BACKGROUND Metformin is arguably the most commonly prescribed oral hypoglycemic agent for the management of *** to the lack of randomized control trials,most of the data pertaining to the clinical course,therapeutic interventions and outcomes of patients with metformin induced toxicity has come from case reports or *** To analyse the symptomology,clinical interventions and outcomes of patients presenting with severe metformin toxicity by reviewing the published case reports and *** We performed a systematic search from PubMed,Science Direct,Reference Citation Analysis(https://***/)and Google Scholar databases using the terms“metformin”AND“toxicity”OR“overdose”OR“lactic acidosis”OR“hyperlactatemia”.The inclusion criteria were:(1)Case reports or case series with individual patient details;and(2)Reported toxicity or overdose of metformin in adults,published in the English *** regarding baseline demographics,clinical presentation,therapeutic interventions,intensive care unit course and overall outcome were *** Two hundred forty-two individual cases were analysed,from 158 case reports and 26 case series,with a cumulative mortality of 19.8%.214(88.4%)patients were diabetics on metformin.57(23.6%)had acute ingestion,but a great majority(76.4%)were on metformin in therapeutic doses when they developed *** associated lactic acidosis(MALA)was the most commonly reported adverse effect present in 224(92.6%)*** of the patients presented with gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms and a significant number of patients had severe metabolic acidosis and *** organ support used was renal replacement therapy(RRT)(68.6%),vasopressors(58.7%)and invasive mechanical ventilation(52.9%).A majority of patients(68.6%)received RRT for toxin removal,renal dysfunction and correction of *** with lowest pH and highest serum lactate and metformin levels also had fav

关键词： Extracorporeal toxin removal Haemodialysis Metformin associated lactic acidosis Metformin overdose Renal replacement therapy

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A simplified tool for building layout design based on thermal comfort simulations

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第2期6卷 218-230页

作者： prashant Anand Chirag Deb Ramachandraiah Alur Civil Engineering Department (BTCM Division) Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India Department of Building School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore Singapore

Thermal comfort aspects of indoor spaces are crucial during the design stages of building layout planning. This study presents a simplified tool based on thermal comfort using predicted mean vote （PMV） index. Thermal comfort simulations were performed for 14 different possible room Layouts based on window configurations. ECOTECT 12 was used to determine the PMV of these rooms for one full year, leading to 17,808 simulations. Simulations were performed for three different climatic zones in India and were validated using in-situ measurements from one of these climatic zones. For moderate climates, rooms with window openings on the south facade exhibited the best thermal comfort conditions for nights, with comfort conditions prevailing for approximately 79.25% of the time annually. For operation during the day, windows on the north facade are favored, with thermal comfort conditions prevailing for approximately 77.74% of the time annually. Similar results for day and night time operation for other two climatic zones are presented. Such an output is essential in deciding the layout of buildings on the basis of functionality of the different rooms （living room, bedroom, kitchen） corresponding to different operation times of the day.

关键词： Thermal comfort Building layoutdesign Building orientation Simplified tool ECOTECT simulation

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Eu(Ⅲ) Indirect Probe to Investigate Interaction of DOPA (3,4,Di-Hydroxyphenylalanine) and Dopamine (3,4-Dihydroxy Phenyl Ethyl Amine) Using Electrochemical Methods

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 653-658页

作者： prashant N Bhatt Trupti V Pathak Jignasu P Mehta G.Ramchandraiha Department of Chemistry Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar-364002 India Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute Waghavadi RoadBhavnagar-364002India

Eu（ Ⅲ ） can be utilized as an indirect electrochemical probe to investigate the interaction of bio-molecules such as DOPA and Dopamine with Ca（ Ⅱ ） in vitro. The interaction of DOPA and Dopamine with Eu（ Ⅲ ）-Eu（ Ⅱ ） redox pair was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Both the neurotransmitters are structurally related and undergo interaction with Eu （Ⅲ ）. Eu （ Ⅲ ） coordinates with DOPA and Dopamine through five-member chelate tings via carboxylic oxygen and amino nitrogen. The electrode kinetic parameters viz, transfer coefficient （αna）, diffusion coefficient （D）, forward heterogeneous rate constant （ k^0 fh） were evaluated for Eu（ Ⅲ ）-DOPA/Eu（ Ⅲ ）-Dopamine. The results obtained were used to investigate the nature of interaction of Eu （Ⅲ） with muhi-donor biomolecules. The possible mechanism was also proposed.

关键词： electrochemistry of Eu ( Ⅲ ) chrono techniques electrochemistry of Eu ( Ⅲ )-neurotransmitters solutionstudy rare earths

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Euphorbia neriifolia L.:Review on botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第5期10卷 408-417页

作者： prashant Y.Mali Shital S.Panchal Department of Pharmacology Institute of PharmacyNirma UniversityAhmedabadGujaratIndia

The present review is intended to provide information on botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities of various parts of Euphorbia neriifolia(E. neriifolia). E. neriifolia has several ethnomedicinal uses. The latex of E. neriifolia is used as laxative,purgative,rubefacient,carminative and expectorant as well as in treatment of whooping cough,gonorrhea,leprosy,asthma,dyspepsia,jaundice,enlargement of the spleen,tumors,stone in the bladder,abdominal troubles and leucoderma. Leaves are brittle,heating,carminative,and good for improving the appetite and treatment of tumors,pains,inflammations,abdominal swellings and bronchial infections. Roots are used as symptomatic treatment of snake bite,scorpion sting and antispasmodic. Various plant parts or whole E. neriifolia extract and its isolates have been reported scientifically using various in-vivo and in-vitro experimental methods for anaesthetic,analgesic,anti-anxiety,anti-convulsant,anti-psychotic,anti-arthritis,anti-carcinogenic,antidiabetic,anti-diarrhoeal,anti-inflammatory,anti-thrombotic,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiulcer,cytotoxic,death-receptor expression enhancing,dermal irritation,diuretic,hemolytic,immunomodulatory,radioprotective,scorpion venom and wound healing properties. It is reported to have chemical constituents like,neriifolin-S,neriifolin,neriifoliene,euphol,neriifolione,cycloartenol,nerifoliol,lectin,euphonerins A–G,3-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol,taraxerol,antiquorin,etc. Identified chemical constituents are still required to be explored for their advanced isolation techniques and biological activities.

关键词： Euphorbia neriifolia Botany Ethnomedicinal uses Phytochemistry Anti-cancer

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What,why and how to monitor blood glucose in critically ill patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第5期14卷 528-538页

作者： Deven Juneja Desh Deepak prashant Nasa Institute of Critical Care Medicine Max Super Speciality HospitalSaketNew Delhi 110017India Department of Critical Care King's College HospitalDubai 340901United Arab Emirates Department of Critical Care NMC Speciality HospitalDubai 7832United Arab Emirates Department of Critical Care College of Medicine and Health SciencesAl Ain 15551United Arab Emirates

Critically ill patients are prone to high glycemic variations irrespective of their diabetes *** mandates frequent blood glucose(BG)monitoring and regulation of insulin *** though the most commonly employed capillary BG monitoring is convenient and rapid,it is inaccurate and prone to high bias,overestimating BG levels in critically ill *** targets for BG levels have also varied in the past few years ranging from tight glucose control to a more liberal *** of these has its own fallacies,while tight control increases risk of hypoglycemia,liberal BG targets make the patients prone to ***,the recent evidence suggests that BG indices,such as glycemic variability and time in target range,may also affect patient *** this review,we highlight the nuances associated with BG monitoring,including the various indices required to be monitored,BG targets and recent advances in BG monitoring in critically ill patients.

关键词： Blood glucose Continuous glucose monitoring Critical care Glycaemic indices Hypoglycaemia Intensive care unit

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Exploring potentialities of avian genomic research in Nepalese Himalayas

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 727-738页

作者： prashant Ghimire Nishma Dahal Ajit KKarna Surendra Karki Sangeet Lamichhaney Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA Biotechnology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampurHPIndia Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal KathmanduNepal Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases Food&Agricultural Organization of the UNKathmanduNepal School of Bio-medical Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA

Nepal,a small landlocked country in South Asia,holds about 800 km of Himalayan Mountain range including the Earth's highest *** such a mountain range in the north and plain lowlands in the south,Nepal provides a habitat for about 9%of global avian ***,this diversity is underrated because of the lack of enough studies,especially using molecular tools to quantify an-d understand the distribution patterns of *** this study,we reviewed the studies in the last two decades(20002019)that used molecular methods to study the biodiversity in Nepal to examine the ongoing research trend and *** Nepalese Himalaya has many opportunities for cutting-edge molecular research,our results indicated that the rate of genetic/genomic studies is much slower compared to the regional *** found that genetic research in Nepal heavily relies on resources from international institutes and that too is mostly limited to research on species monitoring,distribution,and taxonomic *** infrastructures to carry out cutting-edge genomic research in Nepal are still in their infancy and there is a strong need for support from national/international scientists,universities,and governmental agencies to expand such genomic infrastructures in *** particularly highlight avian fauna as a potential future study system in this region that can be an excellent resource to explore key biological questions such as understanding eco-physiology and molecular basis of organismal persistence to changing environment,evolutionary processes underlying divergence and speciation,or mechanisms of endemism and restrictive distribution of species.

关键词： Avian fauna Evolutionary Process Genomics Himalayas Nepal

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Euphorbia tirucalli L.:Review on morphology,medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacological activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第7期7卷 603-613页

作者： prashant Y. Mali Shital S. Panchal Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmacy Nirma University Ahmedabad Gujarat India

The intention of current review is to make available up-to-date information on morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacolog-ical activities on different parts of Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli). This plant has a number of medicinal uses. Latex of E. tirucalli is vesicant and rubefacient which is used for rheumatism, warts, cough, asthma, ear-ache, tooth-ache and neuralgia. It acts as a purgative in small doses while in big doses it is bitter irritant and emetic. Milky juice is alexiteric, carminative and purgative. It is useful in whooping cough, gonorrhea, asthma, leprosy, dropsy, dyspepsia, enlargement of spleen, colic, jaundice and stone in bladder. The fresh milky juice is good alternative in syphilis and a good application in neuralgia. A decoction of branches is used in gastralgia and colic. Bark is used in treatment of fractures. Poultices prepared from the stem are useful to repair the broken bones. Boiled root liquid acts as an emetic in cases of snake-bite and for infertility in women. The wood is used for rafters, toys and veneering purposes. It is also useful against leprosy and foot paralysis subsequent to childbirth. E. tirucalli is reported to have euphol, β-sitosterol, euphorbol hexacosonate, cycloeuphordenol, cyclotirucanenol, tirucalicine, tri-methyl ellagic acid, gallic acids, terpenic alcohol, isoeuphorol, taraxasterol, tirucallol, euphor-one, euphorcinol, euphorbins, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, 12, 20-dideoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate, glut-5-en-3-β-ol, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid, euphorbin-A (polyphenol), tirucallin-A (7) (tannin), tirucallin-B (11), euphorbin-F (14) (dimers), cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartenol, ingenol triacetate, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, taraxerone, euphorginol, taraxerol, cam-pesterol, stigmasterol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid,β-amyrin, etc. active phytoconstituents. E. tirucalli have possessed activity in human-lymphocy

关键词： Euphorbia tirucalli Morphology Ecological biodiversity Medicinal uses Phytochemistry Anticancer

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Self-assembled vertically aligned gold nanorod super-lattices for ultra-high sensitive detection of molecules

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 907-919页

作者： Amey Apte prashant Bhaskar Raja Das Smita Chaturvedi PankajPoddar Sulabha Kulkarni Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune - 411008 India Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pashan Pune - 411008 India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Anusandhan Bhavan 2 Raft Marg New Delhi - 10000 I India

We show that self-assembled vertically aligned gold nanorod （VA-GNRs） superlattices can serve as probes or substrates for ultra-high sensitive detection of various molecules. D-glucose and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene （TNT） have been chosen as model systems due to their very low Raman cross-sections （5.6× 10-30 ***-1 for D-glucose and 4.9 × 10-31 ***-1 for TNT） to show that the VA-GNR superlattice assembly offers as low as yoctomole sensitivity. Our experiment on mixed samples of bovine serum albumin （BSA） and D-glucose solutions demonstrate sensitivity for the latter, and the possible extension to real samples. Self-assembled superlattices of VA-GNRs were achieved on a silicon wafer by depositing a drop of solvent containing the GNRs and subsequent solvent evaporation in ambient conditions. An additional advantage of the VA-GNR monolayers is their extremely high reproducible morphology accompanied by ultrahigh sensitivity which will be useful in many fields where a very small amount of analyte is available. Moreover the assembly can be reused a number of times after removing the already present molecules. The method of obtaining VA-GNRs is simple, inexpensive and reproducible. With the help of simulations of monolayers and multilayers it has been shown that superlattices can achieve better sensitivity than monolaver assembly of VA-GNRs.

关键词： nanostructures self-assemblies superlattices Raman spectroscopy sensors

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Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) Absorption Spectroscopic Probe to Investigate Interaction with Lysozyme (HEW)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 648-652页

作者： Jignasu P.Mehta prashant N.Bhatt Sudhindra N. Misra Department of Chemistry Bhavnagar UniversityBhavnagar-364002India

Pr（ Ⅲ ） and Nd（ Ⅲ ） can be utilized as absorption spectroscopic probes to investigate the interaction of biomolecules like Lysozyme （HEW） with Ca（ Ⅱ ） in-vitro ; the most abundant metal ion in the human body system. The spectroscopic techniques involving comparative absorption, absorption difference, and quantitative intensity analysis using 4f-4f transitions are utilized for changes in the inner sphere coordination pattern of Pr（ Ⅲ ） and Nd（Ⅲ ） in solution as well as in solid state. The present study deals with an important biomolecule in human metabolism, that is, Lysozyme （HEW）. The absorption er-Condon the probab spectral parameters such as the oscillator strength （P）, the Judd-Ofelt （Tλ） intensity parameters, and the Slatinter electronic parameters are calculated using chi square methods. The obtained results are used to determine le geometry of the complex in the solution, the nature of the bond between Pr（Ⅲ）/Nd（Ⅲ） with lysozyme, and the inner sphere coordination environment of f-f transitions. The results obtained from various experimental conditions are utilized to investigate the coordination changes in the Pr（Ⅲ）/Nd（Ⅲ） complexes caused by different coordinating sites of lysozyme, normalized bite, denticity, the solvent nature, the coordination number, the nature of bond and other parameters to mimic the interaction of the Ca（ Ⅱ ） ion with such biomolecule.

关键词： absorption spectra Pr(Ⅲ), Nd(Ⅲ) Lysozyme (HEW) spectral parameters rare earths

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Finding chemopreventatives to reduce amyloid beta in yeast

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第2期11卷 244-245页

作者： Ian G.Macreadie Costa Arvanitis prashant Bharadwaj School of Science and Health Innovations Research Institute RMIT University Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct School of Biomedical Sciences Curtin University

Alzheimer’s disease（AD）is the most common form of age-related dementia with the latest report（World Alzheimer Report,2015）showing 46.8 million people are currently affected by *** number is expected to double every 20 years unless there is effective therapeutic *** 42 amino acid peptide known as amyloid beta（or Aβ）has been implicated as one of the main causative agents of AD after its discovery in plaques in 1985（Masters et al.,1985）.

关键词： Finding chemopreventatives to reduce amyloid beta in yeast AD

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