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Electrochemical measurement of serotonin by Au-CNT electrodes fabricated on microporous cell culture membranes

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 494-506页

作者： Ashley A.Chapin pradeep r.rajasekaran David N.Quan Liangbing Hu Jens Herberholz William E.Bentley reza Ghodssi Fischell Department of Bioengineering College ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Systems research College ParkMD 20740USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering College ParkMD 20740USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program College ParkMD 20740USA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology research RockvilleMD 20850USA robert E.Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices RockvilleMD 20850USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College ParkMD 20742USA

Gut–brain axis(GBA)communication relies on serotonin(5-HT)signaling between the gut epithelium and the peripheral nervous system,where 5-HT release patterns from the basolateral(i.e.,bottom)side of the epithelium activate nerve *** have been few quantitative studies of this gut-neuron signaling due to a lack of real-time measurement tools that can access the basolateral gut *** vitro platforms allow quantitative studies of cultured gut tissue,but they mainly employ offline and endpoint assays that cannot resolve dynamic molecular-release ***,we present the modification of a microporous cell culture membrane with carbon nanotube-coated gold(Au-CNT)electrodes capable of continuous,label-free,and direct detection of 5-HT at physiological *** characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)-coated Au electrodes shows increased electroactive surface area,5-HT specificity,sensitivity,and saturation time,which are correlated with the CNT film drop-cast *** microliters of CNT films,with a 10-min saturation time,0.6μA/μM 5-HT sensitivity,and reliable detection within a linear range of 500 nM–10μM 5-HT,can be targeted for high-concentration,high-time-resolution 5-HT *** films(12.5μL)with a 2-h saturation time,4.5μA/μM 5-HT sensitivity,and quantitative detection in the linear range of 100 nM–1μM can target low concentrations with low time *** electrodes achieved continuous detection of dynamic diffusion across the porous membrane,mimicking basolateral 5-HT release from cells,and detection of cell-released 5-HT from separately cultured rIN14B cell ***-integrated cell culture systems such as this can improve in vitro molecular detection mechanisms and aid in quantitative GBA signaling studies.

关键词： release saturation dynamic

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3D-Printed electrochemical sensor-integrated transwell systems

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 357-368页

作者： pradeep ramiah rajasekaran Ashley Augustiny Chapin David N.Quan Jens Herberholz William E.Bentley reza Ghodssi Institute for Systems research University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology research University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA robert E.Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

This work presents a 3D-printed,modular,electrochemical sensor-integrated transwell system for monitoring cellular and molecular events in situ without sample extraction or microfluidics-assisted downstream *** additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing,shadow masking,and molding are used to fabricate this modular system,which is autoclavable,biocompatible,and designed to operate following standard operating protocols(SOPs)of cellular *** to the platform is a flexible porous membrane,which is used as a cell culture substrate similarly to a commercial transwell *** electrochemical sensors fabricated on the membrane allow direct access to cells and their products.A pair of gold electrodes on the top side of the membrane measures impedance over the course of cell attachment and growth,characterized by an exponential decrease(~160%at 10Hz)due to an increase in the double layer capacitance from secreted extracellular matrix(ECM)*** voltammetry(CV)sensor electrodes,fabricated on the bottom side of the membrane,enable sensing of molecular release at the site of cell culture without the need for downstream ***-time detection of ferrocene dimethanol injection across the membrane showed a three order-of-magnitude higher signal at the membrane than in the bulk media after reaching *** modular sensor-integrated transwell system allows unprecedented direct,real-time,and noninvasive access to physical and biochemical information,which cannot be obtained in a conventional transwell system.

关键词： transwell electrochemical culture

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Power Quality Improvement for Grid-connected PV System Based on Distribution Static Compensator with Fuzzy Logic Controller and UVT/ADALINE-based Least Mean Square Controller

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1289-1299页

作者： Amit Kumar pradeep Kumar Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Natioanl Institute of Technology Sikkim

This paper presents a novel method of power quality enrichment in a grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) system using a distribution static compensator(DSTATCOM). The paper consists of two-step control processes. In the primary step, a fuzzy logic controller(FLC) is employed in the DC-DC converter to extract the peak power point from the PV panel, where the FLC produces a switching signal for the DC-DC *** the secondary step, a unit vector template(UVT)/adaptive linear neuron(ADALINE)-based least mean square(LMS) controller is adopted in the DC-AC converter, i. e., voltage source converter(VSC). The input to this VSC is the boosted DC voltage, which originates from the PV panel as a result of DC-DC conversion. The VSC shunted with the power grid is known as a DSTATCOM, which can maintain the power quality in the distribution system. The UVT controller generates reference source currents from the grid voltages and DC-link *** ADALINE-based LMS controller calculates the online weight according to the previous weights by the sensed load current. The UVT/ADALINE-based LMS controller of a DSTATCOM performs several tasks such as maintaining the sinusoidal source current, achieving a unity power factor, and performing reactive power compensation. The reference current extracted from the UVT/ADALINE-based LMS controller is fed to the hysteresis current controller to obtain the desired switching signal for the VSC. A 100 k W solar PV system integrated into a three-phase four-wire distribution system through a four-leg VSC is designed in MATLAB/Simulink. The performances of the FLC and UVT/ADALINE-based LMS controllers are demonstrated under various irradiances as well as constant temperature and nonlinear loading conditions.

关键词： Adaptive linear neuron least mean square(LMS) fuzzy logic controller(FLC) maximum power point tracking(MPPT) photovoltaic(PV) unit vector template

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Computation of resonant Frequency of Gap-coupled ring Microstrip Antennas

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2014年第6期11卷 671-675页

作者： pradeep Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee University of Information TechnologyWaknaghat- 173234 India

In this paper, an analytical model for computing the resonant frequency of the gap-coupled ring microstrip patch antennas is developed. The analytical model is based upon the cavity model along with circuit theory. Using the field expressions and boundary conditions, the transcendental equation for the structure is developed. The analytically computed results are compared with the simulated results. The simulation work is carried out by using computer simulation technology(CST) microwave studio *** comparison between simulated and computed results shows good agreement.

关键词： ring microstrip antenna gap-coupling resonant frequency analytic model parasitic element

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Herbal anthelmintic agents: a narrative review

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第4期42卷 641-651页

作者： Manjusa Adak pradeep Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathindaPunjab 151401India

Helminths or Parasitic worms of humans may cause chronic and sometimes deadly diseases,considered as neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)that infect around two billion people *** have been used as anthelmintics from ancient *** review is a compilation of plants as source of anthelmintic *** information presented in this review article regarding the anthelmintic activities of plants from 2005 and has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases,including Scopus,Google scholar,Web of science and *** was surveyed for anthelmintic activity of plants which showed that secondary metabolites of plants like terpenes,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,tannins and alkaloids were having anthelmintic *** this review is a compilation of anthelmintic activity of plants from the year 2005,it will definitely be a fruitful study for researchers working in this field.

关键词： helminths helminthiasis anthelmintics biological products

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Adelfa:a futuristic biodiesel fuel for DI diesel engines:a comparative experimental investigation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第9期59卷 924-930页

作者： A.r.pradeep Kumar K.Annamalai S.r.Premkartikkumar Department of Automobile Engineering Anna University MIT Campus Chennai India

Biodiesel fuel is found to be a promising alternative for the petroleum diesel based on the results published by the researchers for a *** fuel is renewable and non degradable *** countries use biodiesel fuel for automotives to meet the crisis due to the depletion of the petroleum fuel and to meet the stringent emission norms Various researches have been carried out with different biodiesel fuels with vegetable oil as the source and appreciable results were *** biodiesel fuels which have been already tested are Jatropha,Pongamia,Mahua,neem,cotton seed,*** this experimental work,Adelfa biodiesel blend is used as the test *** emission and performance characteristics were compared with three other different biodiesel fuel *** results imply that Adelfa biodiesel(Nerium oil methyl ester)can be a futuristic biodiesel fuel,which has a good compatibility with the direct injection(DI)diesel engine without any major ***,Adelfa can be cultivated in a non agricultural land with fewer sources of *** is widely spread over all major countries of *** investigations have been carried out on a single cylinder DI diesel engine with standard engine *** this experimental work,various Adelfa biodiesel blends is compared with reference fuel(diesel)to choose the best blend which gives a closer performance to *** comparative analysis with other biodiesel fuels has also been done and results have been discussed.

关键词：直喷式柴油机生物柴油柴油燃料对比实验混合燃料排放标准石油燃料实验工作

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Aerodynamics of a Tandem-Bladed Axial Compressor rotor under Circumferential Distortion at Different rotational Speeds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUMAr Jerry T.JOHN A.M.pradeep r.A.DAKKErMANS Dragan KOZULOVIC Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences20099HamburgGermany Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich85577NeubibergGermany

For most aircraft engines,inflow distortion is *** distortion is known to degrade the aerodynamic performance and stable operating limits of a *** rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the ***,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved through this unconventional design approach involving the splitting of the blade into forward and aft *** is expected that the effect of inlet flow distortion would be more severe for a tandem-rotor design due to the greater flow turning inherent in such ***,this aspect needs to be thoroughly *** present study discusses the effect of circumferential distortion on the tandem-rotor at different rotational ***-annulus rANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used in the present *** performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and different rotational speeds is *** total pressure and efficiency are observed to drop at lower mass flow rates under the influence of circumferential *** loss region in each blade passage is mainly associated with the blade wake,tip leakage vortex,secondary flow,and boundary ***,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the distorted *** the lower span,the wake width is found to be higher than that at a higher *** to the redistribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent reduces at a higher *** the undistorted sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the design rotational speed than at lower *** distortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakdown even at the design operating *** adversely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and stall *** clean flow conditions,this phenomenon is only observed near the stall *** the design operating condition,the breakdown of the forward rotor tip l

关键词： tandem rotor circumferential distortion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakdown diffusion factor aerodynamics of compressor blade

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CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS,SPECTrAL CHArACTErIZATION AND STABILITY OF SOME ELECTrICALLY CONDUCTING POLYMErS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2010年第2期28卷 191-197页

作者： pradeep Kumar Upadhyay Afaq Ahmad Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University

The synthesis, characterization, thermal degradation and stability of polyaniline （PANI）, poly（m-nitroaniline）, poly（m-chloroaniline） and poly（o-methylaniline） were reported. Different properties were measured and compared with PANI to find out the effect of electron donating groups （-CH3） and electron withdrawing groups （-Cl, -NO2）. It was found that the presence of any type of substitution in the benzene ring of aniline increased the solubility but reduced the yield, thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Two probe methods were used to measure the electrical conductivity of these polymers. The structural properties of these polymers were characterized by using FTIr and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods. Thermal degradation and stability of these polymers were explained by using thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） and conductivity measurements.

关键词： Polyaniline Electrical conductivity Yield Thermal degradation Stability.

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Loadability Assessment and Enhancement in Unbalanced Distribution Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2018年第4期4卷 524-532页

作者： Arjun Tyagi Ashu Verma pradeep r.Bijwe Center for Energy Studies.IIT Delhi New DelhiIndia Department of Electrical Engineering IIT DelhiNew DelhiIndia

Voltage stability is a major concern in heavily loaded distribution *** determination of control parameters for loadability enhancement may maximize the utilization of distribution *** applicable studies,most of the approaches optimize real/reactive power losses for the current operating conditions of the distribution ***,these types of approaches increase the stability margin,such an increase may not be *** most important factor in loadability enhancement is representation of future load scenarios in addressing the optimization *** this paper a look ahead approach is developed for loadability enhancement of an unbalanced distribution *** determination of the critical loading point is conventionally done using continuation power flow,which is computationally very demanding,and also complex for implementation in unbalanced distribution ***,a new,computationally very efficient voltage stability indicator is developed here for determination of the loadability *** proposed methodology is demonstrated on IEEE 4 bus and 25 bus unbalanced distribution systems with different transformer connections.

关键词： loading stability margin voltage stability indicator unbalanced power flow

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Mesoflowers:A New Class of Highly Effi cient Surface-Enhanced raman Active and Infrared-Absorbing Materials

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Nano research 2009年第4期2卷 306-320页

作者： Panikkanvalappil ravindranathan Sajanlal Thalappil pradeep DST Unit on Nanoscience(DST UNS) Department of Chemistry and Sophisticated Analytical Instrument FacilityIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

A method for the synthesis of a new class of anisotropic mesostructured gold material,which we call“mesoflowers”,is *** mesoflowers,unsymmetrical at the single particle level,resemble several natural objects and are made up of a large number of stems with unusual pentagonal *** mesostructured material has a high degree of structural purity with star-shaped,nano-structured *** mesoflowers were obtained in high yield,without any contaminating structures and their size could be tuned from nano-to *** dependence of various properties of the mesoflowers on their conditions of formation was *** near-infrared infrared(NIr Ir)absorption exhibited by the mesoflowers has been used for the development of infrared *** a prototypical device,we demonstrated the utility of the gold mesoflowers in reducing the temperature rise in an enclosure exposed to daylight in peak *** structures showed a high degree of surface-enhanced raman scattering(SErS)activity compared to spherical ***-based imaging of a single mesoflower is *** high SErS activity and NIr Ir absorption property open up a number of exciting applications in diverse areas.

关键词： Mesoflowers gold nanoparticles seed-mediated growth Ir absorption surface-enhanced raman scattering(SErS)

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