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Callus proliferation-induced hypoxic microenvironment decreases shoot regeneration competence in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 395-408页

作者： Dohee Koo Hong Gil Lee Soon Hyung Bae Kyounghee Lee pil Joon Seo Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea research Institute of Basic Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Plants are aerobic organisms that rely on molecular oxygen for respiratory energy production.Hypoxic conditions,with oxygen levels ranging between 1%and 5%,usually limit aerobic respiration and affect plant growth and development.Here,we demonstrate that the hypoxic microenvironment induced by active cell proliferation during the two-step plant regeneration process intrinsically represses the regener-ation competence of the callus in Arabidopsis thaliana.We showed that hypoxia-repressed plant regener-ation is mediated by the rELATED TO APETALA2.12(rAP2.12)protein,a memberof the Ethylene response Factor VIl(ErF-Vll)family.We found that the hypoxia-activated rAP2.12 protein promotes salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis and defense responses,thereby inhibiting pluripotency acquisition and de novo shoot regeneration in calli.Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that rAP2.12 could bind directly to the SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2(SID2)gene promoter and activate SA biosynthesis,repressing plant regeneration possibly via a PLETHOrA(PLT)-dependent pathway.Consistently,the rap2.12 mutant calli exhibits enhanced shoot regeneration,which is impaired by SA treatment.Taken together,these find-ings uncover that the cell proliferation-dependent hypoxic microenvironment reduces cellular pluripotency and plant regeneration through the rAP2.12-SID2 module.

关键词： callus cell proliferation-induced hypoxia SID2 plant regeneration salicylic acid rAP2.12

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 600-613页

作者： Se-Been Jeon pil-Soo Jeong Min Ju Kim Hyo-Gu Kang Bong-Seok Song Sun-Uk Kim Seong-Keun Cho Bo-Woong Sim Futuristic Animal resource&research Center(FArrC) Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)Cheongju 28116Republic of Korea Department of Animal Science College of Natural Resources&Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryang 50463Republic of Korea Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea Department of Animal Science Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute(RICRI)College of Natural Resources&Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryang 50463Republic of Korea

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(rOS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower rOS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

关键词： Luteolin Mitochondrial function Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway Oxidative stress Porcine embryo development

Adiponectin restores the obesity-induced impaired immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stromal cells via glycolytic reprogramming

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 273-291页

作者： Duc-Vinh Pham Thi-Kem Nguyen Bao-Loc Nguyen Jong-Oh Kim Jee-Heon Jeong Inho Choi pil-Hoon Park Department of Pharmacology Hanoi University of PharmacyHanoi 100000Viet Nam College of Pharmacy Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Department of Medical Biotechnology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea research Institute of Cell Culture Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Department of Precision Medicine School of MedicineSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Obesity has been known to negatively modulate the life-span and immunosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSC).However,it remains unclear what drives the compromised potency of obese MSC.In this study,we examined the involvement of adiponectin,an adipose tissuederived hormone,in obesity-induced impaired therapeutic function of MSC.Diet-induced obesity leads to a decrease in serum adiponectin,accompanied by impairment of survival and immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived MSC(ADSC).Interestingly,priming with globular adiponectin(gAcrp)improved the immunomodulatory potential of obese ADSC.Similar effects were also observed in lean ADSC.In addition,gAcrp potentiated the therapeutic effectiveness of ADSC in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis.Mechanistically,while obesity inhibited the glycolytic capacity of MSC,gAcrp treatment induced a metabolic shift toward glycolysis through activation of adiponectin receptor type 1/p38 MAPK/hypoxia inducible factor-1a axis.These findings suggest that activation of adiponectin signaling is a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSC against immune-mediated disorders.

关键词： Adiponectin Adipose-derived stromal cells Colitis Glycolytic induction HIF1a Immunomodulation Mesenchymal stromal cells Obesity

recent trends in the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in South Korea,2010-2018

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1154-1163页

作者： Seulji Kim Hyun Jung Lee Seung Woo Lee Sanghyun Park Seong-Joon Koh Jong pil Im Byeong Gwan Kim Kyung-Do Han Joo Sung Kim Department of Internal Medicine Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812South Korea Department of Internal Medicine and Liver research Institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978South Korea

BACKGrOUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was previously regarded as a Western disease;however,its incidence is increasing in the East.The epidemiology of IBD in Asia differs significantly from the patterns in the West.AIM To comprehensively investigate the epidemiology of IBD in South Korea,inclu-ding its incidence,prevalence,medication trends,and outcomes.METHODS We analyzed claims data from the Health Insurance review and Assessment Service and rare and Intractable Diseases(rIDs),operated by the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea.Patients with IBD were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth revision,and rID diagnostic codes for Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)from 2010 to 2018.rESULTS In total,14498 and 31409 patients were newly diagnosed with CD and UC,respectively,between 2010 and 2018.The annual average incidence of CD was 3.11 cases per 105 person-years,and that of UC was 6.74 cases per 10^(5) person-years.Since 2014,the incidence rate of CD has been stable,while that of UC has steadily increased,shifting the peak age group from 50-year-olds in 2010 to 20-year-olds in 2018.The CD and UC prevalence increased consistently over the study period;the use of 5-aminosali-cylates and corticosteroids gradually decreased,while that of immunomodulators and biologics steadily increased in both CD and UC.The clinical outcomes of IBD,such as hospitalization and surgery,decreased during the study period.CONCLUSION The CD incidence has been stable since 2014,but that of UC has increased with a shift to a younger age at peak incidence between 2010 and 2018.IBD clinical outcomes improved over time,with increased use of immunomodu-lators and biologics.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Incidence Prevalence

Spontaneous splenic rupture associated with scrub typhus: a case report

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 97-97页

作者： Hong pil Hwang Kyoung Min Kim Hyojin Han Jeong-Hwan Hwang Department of Surgery Jeonbuk National University Hospital Jeonbuk National University Medical School Jeonju Republic of Korea research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Korea Biomedical research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital Jeonju Korea Department of Pathology Jeonbuk National University Hospital Jeonbuk National University Medical School Jeonju Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Jeonbuk National University Hospital Jeonbuk National University Medical School Jeonju-Si Republic of Korea

Background Scrub typhus,an acute febrile disease with mild to severe,life-threatening manifestations,potentially presents with a variety of complications,including pneumonia,acute respiratory distress syndrome,cardiac arrhyth-mias(such as atrial fibrillation),myocarditis,shock,peptic ulcer,gastrointestinal bleeding,meningitis,encephalitis,and renal failure.Of the various complications associated with scrub typhus,splenic rupture has rarely been reported,and its mechanisms are unknown.This study reports a case of scrub typhus-related spontaneous splenic rupture and identifies possible mechanisms through the gross and histopathologic findings.Case presentation A 78-year-old man presented to our emergency room with a 5-day history of fever and skin rash.On physical examination,eschar was observed on the left upper abdominal quadrant.The abdomen was not ten-der,and there was no history of trauma.The Orientia tsutsugamushi antibody titer using the indirect immunofluo-rescent antibody test was 1:640.On Day 6 of hospitalization,he complained of sudden-onset left upper abdominal quadrant pain and showed mental changes.His vital signs were a blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg,a heart rate pf 140 beats per min,and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per min,with a temperature of 36.8℃.There were no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding,such as hematemesis,melena,or hematochezia.Grey Turner's sign was suspected during an abdominal examination.Portable ultrasonography showed retroperitoneal bleeding,so an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed,leading to a diagnosis of hemoperitoneum due to splenic rupture and a sple-nectomy.The patient had been taking oral doxycycline(1o0 mg twice daily)for 6 days;after surgery,this was dis-continued,and intravenous azithromycin(500 mg daily)was administered.No arrhythmia associated with azithro-mycin was observed.However,renal failure with hemodialysis,persistent hyperbilirubinemia,and multiorgan failure occurred.The patient did not recover and died on the fifty-sixth day of hospitalization.Co

关键词： Scrub typhus Complication Splenic rupture

Influence of overhanging tool length and vibrator material on electromechanical impedance and amplitude prediction in ultrasonic spindle vibrator

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第4期25卷 292-310页

作者： rendi KUrNIAWAN Moran XU Min Ki CHOO Shuo CHEN Yein KWAK' Jielin CHEN Saood ALI Hanwei TENG pil Wan HAN Gi Soo KIM Tae Jo KO Precision Machining Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsansiGyeongbuk-doRepublic of Korea Korea Electrotechnology research Institute(KErI) ChangwonsiGyeongsangnam-doRepublic of Korea KASWIN Co. LtdChangwon-siGyeongsangnamdoRepublic of Korea

This study presents the development of an ultrasonic transducer with a radius horn for an ultrasonic milling spindle(UMS)system.The ultrasonic transducer was intended to have a working frequency of approximately 30 kHz.Two different materials were considered in the study:stainless steel(SS 316L)and titanium alloy(Ti-6Al-4V).Titanium alloy gave a higher resonance frequency(33 kHz)than stainless steel(30 kHz)under the same preload compression stress.An electromechanical impedance simulation was carried out to predict the impedance resonance frequency for both materials,and the effect of the overhanging toolbar was investigated.According to the electromechanical impedance simulation,the overhanging toolbar length affected the resonance frequency,and the error was less than 3%.Harmonic analysis confirmed that the damping ratio helps determine the resonance amplitude.Therefore,damping ratios of 0.015-0.020 and 0.005-0.020 were selected for stainless steel and titanium alloy,respectively,with an error of less than 1.5%.Experimental machining was also performed to assess the feasibility of ultrasonic-assisted milling;the result was a lesser cutting force and better surface topography of Al 6061.

关键词： Ultrasonic spindle Ultrasonic vibration assisted-milling(UVAM) 1-degree of freedom(DOF) Frequency Amplitude Milling

Analysis and Optimization of Operational and Pollutant Attributes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： ranjeet rAI r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineering Department GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineering Department IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental well-being.Both conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant parameters.The L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 software.The experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four levels.The operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(BTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently examined.The utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing emissions.The engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of BTE and BSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,respectively.At 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the lowest.Engine load affects emissions the most.Engine BSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel fuel.This study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant attributes.The outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in an environmentally friendly way.This alternative

关键词： Taguchi-Grey method OPB20CNT100 transesterification S/N ratio GrG HC CO and NO

Treat to target in Crohn’s disease:A practical guide for clinicians

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 50-69页

作者： Ashish r Srinivasan Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthVictoriaMelbourne 3083Australia Department of Gastroenterology Eastern HealthVictoriaMelbourne 3128Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneVictoriaMelbourne 3052Australia

A treat-to-target(T2T)approach applies the principles of early intervention and tight disease control to optimise long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease.The Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease(STrIDE)-II guidelines specify short,intermediate,and long-term treatment goals,documenting specific treatment targets to be achieved at each of these timepoints.Scheduled appraisal of Crohn’s disease activity against pre-defined treatment targets at these timepoints remains central to determining whether current therapy should be continued or modified.Consensus treatment targets in Crohn’s disease comprise combination clinical and patient-reported outcome remission,in conjunction with biomarker normalisation and endoscopic healing.Although the STrIDE-II guidelines endorse the pursuit of endoscopic healing,clinicians must consider that this may not always be appropriate,acceptable,or achievable in all patients.This underscores the need to engage patients at the outset in an effort to personalise care and individualise treatment targets.The use of non-invasive biomarkers such as faecal calprotectin in conjunction with cross-sectional imaging techniques,particularly intestinal ultrasound,holds great promise;as do emerging treatment targets such as transmural healing.Two randomised clinical trials,namely,CALM and STArDUST,have evaluated the efficacy of a T2T approach in achieving endoscopic endpoints in patients with Crohn’s disease.Findings from these studies reflect that patient subgroups and Crohn’s disease characteristics likely to benefit most from a T2T approach,remain to be clarified.Moreover,outside of clinical trials,data pertaining to the real-world effectiveness of a T2T approach remains scare,highlighting the need for pragmatic real-world studies.Despite the obvious promise of a T2T approach,a lack of guidance to support its integration into real-world clinical practice has the potential to limit its uptake.This highlights the need to describe strategies,processes,and models of care capable of

关键词： Treat to target Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Treatment targets Endoscopic remission Transmural healing Time to response Intestinal ultrasound

Kinematic analysis of flexible bipedal robotic systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 795-818页

作者： r.FAZEL A.M.SHAFEI S.r.NEKOO Department of Mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Departamento de Ingenieria de Sistemas y Automatica Escuela Técnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaSeville 41092Spain

In spite of its intrinsic complexities,the passive gait of bipedal robots on a sloping ramp is a subject of interest for numerous researchers.What distinguishes the present research from similar works is the consideration of flexibility in the constituent links of this type of robotic systems.This is not a far-fetched assumption because in the transient(impact)phase,due to the impulsive forces which are applied to the system,the likelihood of exciting the vibration modes increases considerably.Moreover,the human leg bones that are involved in walking are supported by viscoelastic muscles and ligaments.Therefore,for achieving more exact results,it is essential to model the robot links with viscoelastic properties.To this end,the Gibbs-Appell formulation and Newton's kinematic impact law are used to derive the most general form of the system's dynamic equations in the swing and transient phases of motion.The most important issue in the passive walking motion of bipedal robots is the determination of the initial robot configuration with which the system could accomplish a periodic and stable gait solely under the effect of gravitational force.The extremely unstable nature of the system studied in this paper and the vibrations caused by the impulsive forces induced by the impact of robot feet with the inclined surface are some of the very serious challenges encountered for achieving the above-mentioned goal.To overcome such challenges,an innovative method that uses a combination of the linearized equations of motion in the swing phase and the algebraic motion equations in the transition phase is presented in this paper to obtain an eigenvalue problem.By solving this problem,the suitable initial conditions that are necessary for the passive gait of this bipedal robot on a sloping surface are determined.The effects of the characteristic parameters of elastic links including the modulus of elasticity and the Kelvin-Voigt coefficient on the walking stability of this type of robotic systems are also studied.The findings o

关键词： bipedal robot flexible link swing phase transient phase eigenvalue problem Kelvin-Voigt coefficient