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Fish vaccines:current state and future trends

The 14th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition & Feeding

作者： Chhorn Lim phillip h.klesius Christian Luckstadt Aquatic Animal health Research Unit USDA-ARS990 Wire RoadAuburnAlabama 36832

The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal production,including aquaculture,is increasingly under public scrutiny and *** the EU countries,the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock production has been banned since January ***-chain organic acids or their salts have received much attention as *** these,potassium diformate(KDF) has been shown to be an effective growth stimulator in diets of pigs,but its effects on aquaculture species are ***,this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of KDF on growth,feed utilization,hematology,immune response and resistance of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) to Streptococcus iniae challenge.

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Fish vaccines:current state and future trends

Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased Southern flounder(Paralichthys lethostigma)are virulent to channel catfish and Nile tilapia

中国工程院第77场工程科技论坛·2008水产科技论坛——渔业现代化与可持续发展

作者： phillip h.klesius Craig A.Shoemaker Joyce J.Evans Aquatic Animal health Research Laboratory Agricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureAuburnAlabama 36832 and ChestertownMaryland 21620U.S.A.

A vaccine is a preventive tool used in a health management strategy for the control of infectious diseases in *** more than 100 years,vaccines have proved to be an effective tool for preventing infectious disease outbreaks in humans,poultry and other food *** aquaculture, the development and use of vaccines is now making rapid progress to achieve its full potential as effective disease prevention *** objective of vaccination is to provide a strong immune response to an administered antigen able to provide acquired long-term protection against a *** achieve this objective either a killed or modified live vaccine needs to be developed and licensed for use in fresh or marine water *** type of immunity needed,antibody and/or cell-mediated against,a particular pathogen is among the deciding factors in the development of a *** with a killed bacterial vaccine produces an antibody-mediated protection,but not cell-mediated *** and/or antibody-mediated immunity can be provided only by immunization with a modified live ***,antibody-mediated immunity provided by killed vaccines is relatively short lived in terms of protection(3-5 months).Longer protection(≥12 months)is provided by modified live *** duration of protection may be increased by the addition of an adjuvant to the killed *** adjuvant is a substance that increases specific immune responses against the co-inoculated *** vaccines are usually administered by intraperitonal and/or intramuscular injection of individual *** is the least cost effective in terms of labor and time. Modified live vaccines may be administered by bath immersion to large numbers of fish(fry and/or eggs)which is a more cost effective method of mass vaccination in both labor and *** vaccines are considered to be safer than modified live vaccines which may revert to ***, future trends include oral del

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第5期 337-343页

作者： Julia W.Pridgeon phillip h.klesius Gregory A.Lewbart harry V.Daniels Megan Jacob Aquatic Animal health Research Unit USDA-ARS990 Wire RoadAuburnAL 36832United States of America College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University1060 William Moore DriveRaleighNC 27607United States of America Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695United States of America

Objective:To identify bacteria isolated from diseased Southern flounder and determine whether they are virulent to channel catfish and Nile ***:Gram-negative bacteria isolates were recovered from five tissues of diseased Southern flounder(Paralichthys lethostigma).The isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification followed by virulence study in ***:Based on biochemical analysis,the 25 isolates were found to share homologies with either Edwardsiella tarda(***)or Aeromonas hydrophila(***).Based on sequencing results of partial 16S rRNA gene,15 isolates shared 100%identities with the 16S rRNA sequence of previously identified *** strain TX1,whereas the other 10 isolates shared 100%identities with the 16S rRNA sequence of previously identified *** strain *** healthy fish were exposed to flounder isolate by intracoelomic injection,the LD50 values of flounder isolate *** to channel catfish or Nile tilapia[(10±2)g]were 6.1×10^(4)and 1.1×10^(7)CFU/fish,respectively,whereas that of flounder isolate *** to channel catfish and Nile tilapia were 1.4×10^(7)and 5.6×10^(7)CFU/fish,***:This is the first report that *** and *** isolated from diseased Southern flounder are virulent to catfish and tilapia.

关键词： Edwardsiella tarda Aeromonas hydrophila Southern flounder Pathogen Virulence

Prevention of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in fish using vaccination

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Prevention of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in fish using vac...

A Microwave-Irradiated StreptococcusagalactiaeVaccine Provides Partial Protection against Experimental Challenge in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus

中国工程院第77场工程科技论坛·2008水产科技论坛——渔业现代化与可持续发展

作者： phillip h.klesius Craig A Shoemaker USDA Agricultural Research ServiceAquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory 990 Wire RoadAuburnAL 36832-4352USA

Two immunization trials were conducted to evaluate immune responses and host protection of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis(Ich)using live theronts and sonicated *** with live theronts or sonicated trophonts were done by both bath immersion and intraperitoneal(IP)*** and serum anti-Ich antibodies were measured 12 and 21 days post immunization for catfish and serum anti-Ich antibodies 12,25 and 180 days post immunization for *** survivals of catfish and tilapia were determined after theront ***-Ich antibodies titers were significantly higher(Ph and tilapia immunized with live theronts by immersion or IP injection or with sonicated trophonts administed by IP *** contrast,fish immunized with sonicated trophonts by immersion and with bovine serum albumin(control)by IP injection had significantly lower antibody titers. Immunity was noted only in fish immunized with live theronts by immersion or IP injection or with sonicated trophonts by IP *** was a positive correlation between higher levels of antiIch antibodies and host survival in the immunized *** results of this study show the vaccination against Ich is an excellent alternative to chemical treatments.

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World Journal of Vaccines 2014年第4期4卷 184-189页

作者： David J. Pasnik Joyce J. Evans phillip h. klesius Aquatic Animal health Research Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service USA Warm Water Aquaculture Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Stoneville USA

Microwave irradiation, as opposed to formalin exposure, has not routinely been used in the preparation of killed vaccines despite the advantages of decreased chemical toxicity, ability to kill cells quickly, ease of completion requiring only a standard microwave, and potential increased protein conservation during irradiation. We evaluated the potential of microwave irradiation versus formalin fixation of bacteria to improve Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine efficacy in 5 gr fish by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and bath immersion (BI). There was no significant difference in the cumulative percent mortality (CPM) post-challenge between fish administered microwave-killed cells (MKC) or formalin killed cells (FKC) within the BI (p S. agalactiae antibody activity. Thirty days after vaccination and just prior to challenge, the optical density (OD) levels of the FKC and MKC groups in the IP trials were significantly higher (p han that of the TSB group. None of the groups in the BI trial exhibited significantly different OD levels post vaccination. Fourteen days after the challenge, the OD levels of all groups in both trials increased significantly above their pre-challenge levels. Both the FKC and MKC IP groups (p he FKC BI group (p had significantly increased OD level above that of the corresponding post-challenge TSB group. These results indicate that the FKC vaccine provides marginally greater protection and increased antibody concentrations than the MKC vaccine by BI and the MKC vaccine may become a non-chemical alternative to FKC in vaccination.

关键词： Vaccine Streptococcus agalactiae Microwave

Molecular dynamics study of water diffusion in an amphiphilic block copolymer with large difference in the blocks＇ glass transition temperatures

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 440-447页

作者： Yang Zhou phillip Choi Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada

Isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics simu- lation was used to study the diffusion mechanism of water in polyurethane-block-poly（N-isopropyl acrylamide）（PU- block-PNIPAm） with a hydrophobic PU/hydrophilic PNIPAm mass ratio of 1.4 to 1 at 298 K and 450 K. here, the experimental glass transition temperature （Tg） of PU is 243 K while that of PNIPAm is 383 K. Different amounts of water up to 15 wt-% were added to PU-block- PNIPAm. We were able to reproduce the specific volumes and glass transition temperatures （250 K and 390 K） of PU- block-PNIPAm. The computed self-diffusion coefficient of water increased exponentially with increasing water concentration at both temperatures （i.e., following the free volume model of Fujita）. It suggested that water diffusion in PU-block-PNIPAm depends only on its fractional free volume despite the free volume inhomo- geneity. It is noted that at 298 K, PU is rubbery while PNIPAm is glassy. Regardless of temperature, radial distribution functions showed that water formed clusters with sizes in the range of 0.2-0.4 nm in PU-block- PNIPAm. At low water concentrations, more clusters were found in the PU domain but at high water concentrations, more in the PNIPAm domain. It is believed that water molecules diffuse as clusters rather than as individual molecules.

关键词： molecular dynamics simulation amphiphilic block copolymer free volume water diffusivity fujita model

Enhancing sintering resistance of atomically dispersed catalysts in reducing environments with organic monolayers

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第6期7卷 1263-1269页

作者： Jing Zhang Chithra Asokan Gregory Zakem phillip Christopher J.Will Medlin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Atomically dispersed precious metal catalysts maximize atom efficiency and exhibit unique ***,they are susceptible to *** reactions occurring in reducing environments tend to result in atomically dispersed metals sintering at lower temperatures than in oxidative or inert atmospheres due to the formation of mobile metal-h or metal-CO ***,we develop a new approach to mitigate sintering of oxide supported atomically dispersed metals in a reducing atmosphere using organophosphonate self-assembled monolayers(SAMs).We demonstrate this for the case of atomically dispersed Rh on Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) using a combination of CO probe molecule FTIR,temperature programmed desorption,and alkene hydrogenation rate *** suggests that SAM functionalization of the oxide provides physical diffusion barriers for the metal and weakens the interactions between the reducing gas and metal,thereby discouraging the adsorbate-promoted diffusion of metal atoms on oxide *** results show that support functionalization by organic species can provide improved resistance to sintering of atomically dispersed metals with maintained catalytic reactivity.

关键词： Atomically dispersed catalysts Organic monolayers Rh Single atom catalysis Sintering

Mouse models of colorectal cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第7期30卷 450-462页

作者： Yunguang Tong Wancai Yang h. phillip Koeffler Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA 90048 USA Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 62269 USA National Cancer Institute and Cancer Institute of Singapore Singapore 119074 Singapore.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Many mouse models have been developed to evaluate features of colorectal cancer in humans. These can be grouped into genetically-engineered, chemically-induced, and inoculated models. however, none recapitulates all of the characteristics of human colorectal cancer. It is critical to use a specific mouse model to address a particular research question. here, we review commonly used mouse models for human colorectal cancer.

关键词：小鼠模型大肠癌恶性肿瘤基因工程化学诱导人类

Colonoscopic management of diverticular disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第2期12卷 53-59页

作者： M phillip Fejleh James h Tabibian UCLA Gastroenterology Fellowship Program Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States

Diverticula are the most common incidental finding during routine colonoscopy,and their prevalence increases with patient *** term“diverticular disease”encompasses the range of clinical manifestations and complications that can occur with colonic diverticula,including diverticular bleeding,diverticulitisassociated strictures,and acute *** is a vital tool in the diagnosis and management of diverticular disease and can be useful in a variety of *** this editorial,we concisely delineate the current approach to and practices in colonoscopic management of diverticular *** particular,we discuss treatment options for diverticular bleeding,propose consideration of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery in patients with diverticulitis-associated strictures,and the need for diagnostic colonoscopy following an episode of acute diverticulitis in order to rule out underlying conditions such as colonic malignancy or inflammatory bowel *** addition,we offer practical tips for performing safe and successful colonoscopy in patients with dense diverticulosis coli.

关键词： Acute diverticulitis Diverticular bleeding Colon stricture

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如何建立合理有效的重症监护病房

中华结核和呼吸杂志 2013年第6期36卷 469-471页

作者：乔人立 phillip h Factor Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California Columbia University New York NYUSA

ICU正迅速成为现代医院运行的核心。在美国，ICU床位虽然只占医院病床的5％左右，但ICU患者的住院费用却占医院总医疗消费的30％以上，而且ICU平均病死率为30％，是所有住院患者的10倍。随着人口老龄化与住院患者结构越来越偏向病情较... 详细信息

ICU正迅速成为现代医院运行的核心。在美国，ICU床位虽然只占医院病床的5％左右，但ICU患者的住院费用却占医院总医疗消费的30％以上，而且ICU平均病死率为30％，是所有住院患者的10倍。随着人口老龄化与住院患者结构越来越偏向病情较严重者，未来ICU床位需求势必进一步增加。因此，ICU的建设与管理无论从医疗还是经营角度上讲都非常重要。目前世界各地ICU组织管理模式差异很大，本文从多个方面系统地介绍美国ICU系统，期望为国内同行开展ICU工作提供借鉴。

关键词：重症监护病房 ICU患者组织管理模式医院运行医疗消费住院患者人口老龄化医院病床