Fish vaccines:current state and future trends
作者单位：Aquatic Animal Health Research LaboratoryAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureAuburnAlabama 36832 and ChestertownMaryland 21620U.S.A.
会议名称：《中国工程院第77场工程科技论坛·2008水产科技论坛—...》
会议日期：2009年
摘 要：正A vaccine is a preventive tool used in a health management strategy for the control of infectious diseases in *** more than 100 years,vaccines have proved to be an effective tool for preventing infectious disease outbreaks in humans,poultry and other food *** aquaculture, the development and use of vaccines is now making rapid progress to achieve its full potential as effective disease prevention *** objective of vaccination is to provide a strong immune response to an administered antigen able to provide acquired long-term protection against a *** achieve this objective either a killed or modified live vaccine needs to be developed and licensed for use in fresh or marine water *** type of immunity needed,antibody and/or cell-mediated against,a particular pathogen is among the deciding factors in the development of a *** with a killed bacterial vaccine produces an antibody-mediated protection,but not cell-mediated *** and/or antibody-mediated immunity can be provided only by immunization with a modified live ***,antibody-mediated immunity provided by killed vaccines is relatively short lived in terms of protection（3-5 months）.Longer protection（≥12 months）is provided by modified live *** duration of protection may be increased by the addition of an adjuvant to the killed *** adjuvant is a substance that increases specific immune responses against the co-inoculated *** vaccines are usually administered by intraperitonal and/or intramuscular injection of individual *** is the least cost effective in terms of labor and time. Modified live vaccines may be administered by bath immersion to large numbers of fish（fry and/or eggs）which is a more cost effective method of mass vaccination in both labor and *** vaccines are considered to be safer than modified live vaccines which may revert to ***, future trends include oral