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Risk Factors of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Internal Medicine and Hemodialysis Nephrology Services at the edith Lucie Bongo Ondimba General Hospital

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2021年第1期11卷 9-20页

作者： Gandzali-Ngabe Pierre eric Ngoyi Ontsira Nina Gakosso Odou philippe Loumingou Richard Nephrology Hemodialysis édith Lucie BONGO ONDIMBA General Hospital Oyo Congo Laboratory Hospital and University Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Laboratory édith Lucie BONGO ONDIMBA General Hospital Oyo Brazzaville Congo Nephrology Brazzaville Hospital and University Center Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. It is due to multi-resistant bacteria (MRB). The objective of this study was to determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics in chronic renal failure at the edith Lucie BONGO ONDIMBA general hospital (HGeLBO). Patients, material and method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from January 1 to August 31, 2019 at the HGeLBO. It concerned all patients admitted to the HGeLBO with positive bacteriological samples. After a study of the sensitivity to isolated species, the patients were divided into two (02) groups: those MRB positive (+) and not MRB or negative (-). epi Info software version 3.5.1 was used for the calculation of the rates and the comparison of the variables. The adjusted odds ratio (ORa) with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the specific effect of each risk factor such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes, in order to rule out confounding factors. Multivariate analysis by binomial logistic regression was used. Results: There were 375 bacteriological samples from 258 patients, among them 247 patients with 235 positive samples or 63%. The eleven (11) are healthy patients. The median age was 33 with extremes ranging from 16 to 90. The female sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 0.6. The majority of MRB+ cases were found in internal medicine and nephrology with 12 cases (38.7%) and hemodialysis with 4 cases (12.9%). Urinary samples were in the majority with 74.5%. escherichia coli was predominant in 30.3%. After studying the sensitivity to antibiotics of the 247 species included, 113 were MRB+ and 134 BMR- i.e. a frequency of 45.7%. Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was predominant (51.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factor was antibiotic use (0Ra: 3.2 [1.9 - 5.4];p-value enal failure and diabetes were not risk factors for carriage. The other risk factors identifi

关键词： Risk Factors Bacterial Resistance Antibiotics Chronic Renal Failure General Hospital edith Lucie BONGO ONDIMBA

Relocation of hypocenters from DOMeRAPI and BMKG networks： a preliminary result from DOMeRAPI project

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earthquake Science 2017年第2期30卷 67-79页

作者： Mohamad Ramdhan Sri Widiyantoro Andri Dian Nugraha Jean-philippe Métaxian Asep Saepuloh Said Kristyawan Andry Syaly Sembiring Agus Budi Santoso Antoine Laurin Ahmad Ali Fahmi Study Program of earth Sciences Faculty of Earth Science andTechnology Institute of Technology Bandung Jalan Ganesa No.10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics(BMKG) Jakarta Indonesia Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining andPetroleum Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung JalanGanesa No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Research Center for Disaster Mitigation Institute of TechnologyBandung Jalan Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia ISTerre IRD R219 CNRS Universite de Savoie Mont BlancLe Bourget-du-Lac France Faculty of earth Sciences and Technology Institute of Technology Bandung Jalan Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132Indonesia Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Geological Agency Jalan Diponegoro No. 57 Bandung 40122Indonesia

Merapi volcano located in central Java, Indonesia,is one of the most active stratovolcanoes in the world. Many earth scientists have conducted studies on this volcano using various methods. The geological features around Merapi are very attractive to be investigated because they have been formed by a complex tectonic process and volcanic activities since tens of millions of years ago. The southern mountain range, Kendeng basin and Opak active fault located around the study area resulted from these processes. DOMeRAPI project was conducted to understand deep magma sources of the Merapi volcano comprehensively. The DOMeRAPI network was running from October 2013 to mid-April 2015 by deploying 46 broad-band seismometers around the volcano. Several steps, i.e., earthquake event identification,arrival time picking of P and S waves, hypocenter determination and hypocenter relocation, were carried out in this study. We used Geiger＇s method（Geiger 1912） for hypocenter determination and double-difference method for hypocenter relocation. The relocation result will be used to carry out seismic tomographic imaging of structures beneath the Merapi volcano and its surroundings. For the hypocenter determination, the DOMeRAPI data were processed simultaneously with those from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics（BMKG） seismic network in order to minimize the azimuthal gap. We found that the majority of earthquakes occurred outside the DOMeRAPI network. There are 464 and 399 earthquakes obtained before and after hypocenter relocation, respectively. The hypocenter relocation result successfully detects some tectonic features, such as a nearly vertical cluster of events indicating a subduction-related backthrust to the south of central Java and a cluster of events to the east of Opak fault suggesting that the fault has an eastward dip.

关键词： earthquake Relocation DOMeRAPI BMKG Tectonic feature

Mortality at 9 years in alcohol-dependence: The respective roles of alcohol, tobacco, and vulnerability genes

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第3期2卷 187-193页

作者： Mathias Wohl Laetitia Sirolli Lucia Romo philippe Batel Claudette Boni Philip Gorwood AP-HP CHU Louis Mourier Service de Psychiatrie Colombes France CMMe Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne Paris France INSeRM U894 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience Paris France

Aims: Different vulnerability genes have been proposed in alcohol dependence, but replications are sparse, probably due to 1) phenotypical heterogeneity and 2) difficulties to rely on reliable definition of the correct phenotype. Indeed, specific subgroups of patients may be more directly concerned with some vulnerability genes, the actions of these genes being more directly related to their function. We postulated that three potential vulnerability genes, that were at least twice associated with alcohol dependence, influence the extreme of the severity of alcohol dependence, i.e. mortality, through traits with which they were previously associated, namely impulsivity and antisocial personality disorder and the 5-HT1B gene, suicide attempt and the short allele of 5-HTTLPR, and addictive disorder comorbidity and the DRD2 gene. Methods: We analysed the survival status of a male alcohol-dependent sample (n = 126) recruited 9 years before, and could compare 61 surviving patients to 41 patients who died during this period (representing 81.0% of the initial sample). Results: The main clinical characteristic that was associated with an increased mortality rate was a larger cumulative tobacco use (pack-years). We also found that the C allele of the 5-HT1b was the only one in excess in the non-surviving patients. Contrary to our hypothesis, impulsivity and antisocial personality disorder were not explaining the role of this gene. Conclusions: even if there is a significant involvement of the 5- HT1B C allele, no intermediate phenotype was detected in our sample. The relatively short delay of 9 years and the somewhat old age at baseline of our patients could have limited the influence of psychiatric comorbidity or the specificities of alcohol dependence, explaining why the only detected co-factor was tobacco consumption. Tobacco dependence is therefore the main factor to explain mortality within the first decade, and the effect of this comorbid condition is not explained by t

关键词： Addiction Survival Outcome Serotonin Dopamine Pack Years Genetics

Update of transmission modelling and projections of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in the Mandoul focus, Chad

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 34-46页

作者： Kat S.Rock Ching-I Huang Ronald e.Crump Paul R.Bessell Paul e.Brown Inaki Tirados philippe Solano Marina Antillon Albert Picado Severin Mbainda Justin Darnas emily H.Crowley Steve J.Torr Mallaye Peka Mathematics Institute University of WarwickAcademic Loop RoadCoventryCV47ALUK Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology&Infectious Disease epidemiology Research(SBIDeR) University of WarwickAcademic Loop RoadCoventryCV47ALUK Independent Consultant EdinburghUK Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR INTERTRYP IRD-CIRADUniversitéde Montpellier34398MontpellierFrance Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics(FIND) GenevaSwitzerland Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine(PNLTHA) MoundouChad

Background:In recent years,a programme of vector control,screening and treatment of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis(gHAT)infections led to a rapid decline in cases in the Mandoul focus of *** represent the biology of transmission between humans and tsetse,we previously developed a mechanistic transmission model,fitted to data between 2000 and 2013 which suggested that transmission was interrupted by *** present study outlines refinements to the model to:(1)Assess whether elimination of transmission has already been achieved despite low-level case reporting;(2)quantify the role of intensified interventions in transmission reduction;and(3)predict the trajectory of gHAT in Mandoul for the next decade under different ***:Our previous gHAT transmission model for Mandoul was updated using human case data(2000-2019)and a series of model *** include how diagnostic specificity is incorporated into the model and improvements to the fitting method(increased variance in observed case reporting and how underreporting and improvements to passive screening are captured).A side-by-side comparison of fitting to case data was performed between the ***:We estimated that passive detection rates have increased due to improvements in diagnostic availability in fixed health facilities since 2015,by 2.1-fold for stage 1 detection,and 1.5-fold for stage *** find that whilst the diagnostic algorithm for active screening is estimated to be highly specific(95%credible interval(CI):99.9-100%,Specificity=99.9%),the high screening and low infection levels mean that some recently reported cases with no parasitological confirmation might be false *** also find that the focus-wide tsetse reduction estimated through model fitting(95%CI:96.1-99.6%,Reduction=99.1%)is comparable to the reduction previously measured by the decline in tsetse catches from monitoring *** line with previous results,the model suggests that transmission was

关键词： Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) Modelling elimination of transmission Validation Tsetse Vector control Glossina Diagnostics

Transdifferentiation of pancreatic α-cells into insulinsecreting cells: From experimental models to underlying mechanisms

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第6期5卷 847-853页

作者： Jieli Lu Rami Jaafer Rémy Bonnavion philippe Bertolino Chang-Xian Zhang Sino-French Life Science and Genomic Center the E-Institute of ShanghaiShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShang-hai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Clinical Center for endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Inserm U1052 Cancer Research Centre of Lyon CNRS UMR5286 Cancer Research Centre of Lyon Cancer Research Centre of Lyon Université de Lyon

Pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells are essential regulators of glucose metabolism. New strategies are cur-rently being investigated to create insulin-producing β cells to replace deficient β cells, including the differentiation of either stem or progenitor cells, and the newly uncovered transdifferentiation of mature non-β islet cell types. However, in order to correctly drive any cell to adopt a new β-cell fate, a better understanding of the in vivo mechanisms involved in the plasticity and biology of islet cells is urgently required. Here, we review the recent studies reporting the phenomenon of transdifferentiation of α cells into β cells by focusing on the major candidates and contexts revealed to be involved in adult β-cell regeneration through this process. The possible underlying mechanisms of transdifferentiation and the interactions between several key factors involved in the process are also addressed. We propose that it is of importance to further study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying α- to β-cell transdifferentiation, in order to make β-cell regeneration from α cells a relevant and realizable strategy for developing cell-replacement therapy.

关键词： α-cell β-cell Transdifferentiation Diabetes mellitus Cell-replacement therapy

Study of Gas Heating by a Microwave Plasma Torch

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第10期3卷 1603-1615页

作者： Katell Gadonna Oliviez Leroy philippe Leprince Luis Lemos Alves Cazoline Boisse-Laporte Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas UMR 8578 CNRS Université Paris-Sud OzsayFrance

Among the different types of microwave plasma torches, the axial injection torch (TIA) has been used for several years to create chemically active species, in applications such as gas analysis, surface processing and gaseous waste treatments. The TIA allows the coupling of microwave energy (2.45 GHz) to a gas injected axially at the nozzle’s exit. The TIA produces non-local thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas with a high luminosity and a maximum density of charged particles at the nozzle’s exit. The present work is dedicated to study the plasma created by a TIA, running at atmospheric pressure. The study involves both experiment and modeling of this torch, in order to maximize the coupling between the microwave power and the plasma and to define the optimum plasma and flow operating conditions for plasma-to-gas heat transfer.

关键词： Microwave Plasma Torch Non-equilibrium Plasma Atmospheric Pressure Thermal Transfer Flow Modeling

Natural history of uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2015年第11期7卷 313-318页

作者： Nicolas C Buchs Neil J Mortensen Frederic Ris philippe Morel Pascal Gervaz Department of Colorectal Surgery Oxford University Hospitals Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University Hospitals of Geneva

While diverticular disease is extremely common, the natural history(NH) of its most frequent presentation(i.e., sigmoid diverticulitis) is poorly investigated. Relevant information is mostly restricted to populationbased or retrospective studies. This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the NH of simple sigmoid diverticulitis. While there is a clear lack of uniformity in terminology, which results in difficulties interpreting and comparing findings between studies, this review demonstrates the benign nature of simple sigmoid diverticulitis. The overall recurrence rate is relatively low, ranging from 13% to 47%, depending on the definition used by the authors. Among different risk factors for recurrence, patients with C-reactive protein > 240 mg/L are three times more likely to recur. Other risk factors include: Young age, a history of several episodes of acute diverticulitis, medical vs surgical management, male patients, radiological signs of complicated first episode, higher comorbidity index, family history of diverticulitis, and length of involved colon > 5 cm. The risk of developing a complicated second episode(and its corollary to require an emergency operation) is less than 2%-5%. In fact, the old rationale for elective surgery as a preventive treatment, based mainly on concerns that recurrence would result in a progressively increased risk of sepsis or the need for a colostomy, is not upheld by the current evidence.

关键词： Diverticulitis Colon Cohort Recurrence Natural his

i-Tree eco Analysis of Landscape Vegetation on Remediated Areas of Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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Open Journal of Forestry 2020年第4期10卷 412-427页

作者： Sally Ross Sharon Jean-philippe Wayne Clatterbuck Neil Giffen Jamie Herold John Zobel School of environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Department of Forestry Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is the largest and most diverse energy, research, and development institution within the Department of energy (DOe) system in the United States. As such, the site endures constant land development that creates rigorous growing conditions for urban vegetation. Natural resource managers at ORNL recognize that trees are an integral component of the landscape and are interested in characterizing the urban forest and their associated ecosystem services benefits. We evaluated the urban forest structure, quantified ecosystem services and benefits, and estimated economic value of resources using i-Tree eco at ORNL. While this assessment captured over 1100 landscape trees, the ORNL Natural Resources Management for landscape vegetation can be expanded to include unmanaged landscapes, e.g. riparian areas, greenspace, and other vegetative attributes to increase ecosystem services benefits. Assigning a monetary value to urban forest benefits help to inform decisions about urban forest management, ideally on cost-benefit analysis.

关键词： Urban Tree(s) Urban Forest Urban Vegetation Landscape Vegetation Tree Inventory Tree Assessment ecosystem Service(s) ecological Function i-Tree eco economic Valuation

Synergistic effect between few layer graphene and carbon nanotube supports for palladium catalyzing electrochemical oxidation of alcohols

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2013年第2期22卷 296-304页

作者： Bruno F. Machado Andrea Marchionni Revathi R. Bacsa Marco Bellini Julien Beausoleil Werner Oberhauser Francesco Vizza philippe Serp Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR CNRS 8241 Composante ENSIACET Universit de Toulouse UPS-INP-LCC 4 alle Emile Monso BP 44362 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4 France Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy Arkema Groupement de Recherches de Lacq BP 34 RD 817 64170 Lacq France

Few layer graphene （FLG）, multi-walled carbon nanotubes （CNTs） and a nanotube-graphene composite （CNT-FLG） were used as supports for palladium nanoparticles. The catalysts, which were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, were used as anodes in the electrooxidation of ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol in half cells and in passive direct ethanol fuel cells. Upon Pd deposition, a stronger interaction was found to occur between the metal and the nanotube-graphene composite and the particle size was significantly smaller in this material （6.3 nm）, comparing with nanotubes and graphene alone （8 and 8.4 nm, respectively）. Cyclic voltammetry experiments conducted with Pd/CNT, Pd/FLG and Pd/CNT-FLG in 10 wt% ethanol and 2 M KOH solution, showed high specific currents of 1.48, 2.29 and 2.51 mA-/zgp-d, respectively. Moreover, the results obtained for ethylene glycol and glycerol oxidation highlighted the excellent electrocatalytic activity of Pd/CNT-FLG in terms of peak current density （up to 3.70 mAgd for ethylene glycol and 1.84 mAfor glycerol, respectively）. Accordingly, Pd/CNT-FLG can be considered as the best performing one among the electrocatalysts ever reported for ethylene glycol oxidation, especially considering the low metal loading used in this work. Direct ethanol fuel cells at room temperature were studied by obtaining power density curves and undertaking galvanostatic experiments. The power density outputs using Pd/CNT, Pd/FLG and Pd/CNT-FLG were 12.1, 16.3 and 18.4 ***-2, respectively. A remarkable activity for ethanol electrooxidation was shown by Pd/CNT-FLG anode catalyst. In a constant current experiment, the direct ethanol fuel cell containing Pd/CNT-FLG could continuously deliver 20 ***-2 for 9.5 h during the conversion of ethanol into acetate of 30%, and the energy released from the cell was about 574 J.

关键词： electrooxidation alcohols fuel cells palladium graphene nanotube-graphene composites