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Routine utilization of machine perfusion in liver transplantation:Ready for prime time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1488-1493页

作者： Alessandro Parente Keyue Sun philipp Dutkowski AM James Shapiro Andrea Schlegel Department of Surgery Division of TransplantationUniversity of Alberta HospitalEdmonton T6G 2B7Canada Immunity and Inflammation Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center Department of Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Immunity and Inflammation Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States

The last decade has been notable for increasing high-quality research and dramatic improvement in outcomes with dynamic liver preservation.Robust evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials has been pooled by meta-analyses,providing the highest available evidence on the protective effect of machine perfusion(MP)over static cold storage in liver transplantation(LT).Based on a protective effect with less complications and improved graft survival,the field has seen a paradigm shift in organ preservation.This editorial focuses on the role of MP in LT and how it could become the new“gold standard”.Strong collaborative efforts are needed to explore its effects on long-term outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation Machine perfusion Viability assessment Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion Normothermic machine perfusion

Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 339-352,I0002页

作者： David Walzik Sergen Belen Karen Wilisch Marie Kupjetz Silvana Kirschke Tobias Esser Niklas Joisten Alexander Schenk Sebastian Proschinger philipp Zimmer Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund UniversityDortmund 44227Germany

Background:B cells represent a crucial component of adaptive immunity that ensures long-term protection from infection by generating pathogen-specific immunoglobulins.Exercise alters B cell counts and immunoglobulin levels,but evidence-based conclusions on potential benefits for adaptive immunity are lacking.This systematic review assessed current literatures on the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on B cells,immunoglobulins,and markers of secretory immunity in human biofluids.Methods:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and Embase were searched on March 8,2023.Non-randomized controlled trials and crossover trials investigating the impact of acute exercise or exercise training on B cell counts and proportions,immunoglobulin levels,salivary flow rate,or secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate were included.Quality and reporting of exercise training studies were assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in Exercise.Study characteristics,outcome measures,and statistically significant changes were summarized tabularly.Results:Of the 67 eligible studies,22 applied acute exercise and 45 applied exercise training.All included outcomes revealed significant alterations over time in acute exercise and exercise training context,but only a few investigations showed significant differences compared to control conditions.Secretory and plasma immunoglobulin A levels were most consistently increased in response to exercise training.Conclusion:B cell-related outcomes are altered by acute exercise and exercise training,but evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn with high confidence due to the large heterogeneity in populations and exercise modalities.Well-designed trials with large sample sizes are needed to clarify how exercise shapes B cell-related immunity.

关键词： Antibody B-lymphocyte Exercise Humoral immunity Immune system

Microfluidic bubble-generator enables digital light processing 3D printing of porous structures

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 280-291页

作者： philipp Weber Ling Cai Francisco Javier Aguilar Rojas Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares Maria Celeste Tirelli Francesco Nalin Jakub Jaroszewicz Wojciech Swi eszkowski Marco Costantini Yu Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences KasprzakaPoland Biomaterials Group Materials Design DivisionFaculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of TechnologyWoloskaPoland

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is an emerging technique that has shown promising success in engineering human tissues in recent years.Further development of vatphotopolymerization printing modalities has significantly enhanced the complexity level for 3D printing of various functional structures and components.Similarly,the development of microfluidic chip systems is an emerging research sector with promising medical applications.This work demonstrates the coupling of a digital light processing(DLP)printing procedure with a microfluidic chip system to produce size-tunable,3D-printable porosities with narrow pore size distributions within a gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel matrix.It is found that the generation of size-tunable gas bubbles trapped within an aqueous GelMA hydrogel-precursor can be controlled with high precision.Furthermore,the porosities are printed in two-dimensional(2D)as well as in 3D using the DLP printer.In addition,the cytocompatibility of the printed porous scaffolds is investigated using fibroblasts,where high cell viabilities as well as cell proliferation,spreading,and migration are confirmed.It is anticipated that the strategy is widely applicable in a range of application areas such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,among others.

关键词： 3D printing biofabrication bubble digital light processing microfluidics porous

Improved training framework in a neural network model for disruption prediction and its application on EXL-50

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 29-39页

作者：蔡剑青梁云峰 Alexander KNIEPS 齐东凯王二辉向皓明廖亮黄杰阳杰黄佳刘建文 philipp DREWS 徐帅顾翔高轶琛罗宇李直 the EXL-50 Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany ENN Science and Technology Development Co. LtdLangfang 065001People’s Republic of China

A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50tokamak to predict impending disruption.However,the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate labeling.To mitigate these issues,an improved training framework has been proposed.In this approach,soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise the further learning process;this has lead to a significant improvement in predictive model performance.Notably,this enhancement is primarily attributed to the coupling effect of the soft labels and correction mechanism.This improved training framework introduces an instance-specific label smoothing method,which reflects a more nuanced model assessment on the likelihood of a disruption.It presents a possible solution to effectively address the challenges associated with accurate labeling across different machines.

关键词： neural network disruption soft label EXL-50 tokamak

Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TEXT tokamak with different plasma configurations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 Alexander KNIEPS philipp DREWS 徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion research.On the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor configurations.The edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,increases.This is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak experiments.However,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate increases.In the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter configuration.These results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.

关键词： ion temperature island divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

Key technologies for wireless network digital twin towards smart railways

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High-Speed Railway

High-Speed Railway 2024年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Ke Guan Xinghai Guo Danping He philipp Svoboda Marion Berbineau Stephen Wang Bo Ai Zhangdui Zhong Markus Rupp State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital Twin Assisted AI for Sustainable Radio Access Networks Institute of TelecommunicationsTU WienVienna 1040Austria UniversitéGustave Eiffel COSYSLEOSTVilleneuve d′Ascq 59650France VIAVI Marconi Labs VIAVI SolutionsStevenage SG12ANUK Institute of Telecommunications TU WienVienna 1040Austria

An emerging railway technology called smart railway promises to deliver higher transportation efficiency,enhanced comfort in services,and greater eco-friendliness.The smart railway is expected to integrate fifth-generation mobile communication(5G),Artificial Intelligence(AI),and other technologies,which poses new problems in the construction,operation and maintenance of railway wireless networks.Wireless Digital Twins(DTs),which have recently emerged as a new paradigm for the design of wireless networks,can address these problems and enable the whole lifecycle management of railway wireless networks.However,there are still many scientific issues and challenges for railway-oriented wireless DT.Relevant key technologies to solve these problems are introduced and described,including characterization of materials'physical-EM properties,autonomous reconstruction of Three-dimensional(3D)environment model,AI-empowered environmental cognition,Ray-Tracing(RT),model-based and AIbased RT acceleration,and generation of multi-spectra sensing data.Moreover,this paper presents our research results for each key technology and describes the wireless network planning and optimization system based on highperformance RT developed by our laboratory.This paper outlines the framework for realizing the wireless DT of smart railways,providing the direction for future research.

关键词： Digital twin Smart railways Ray tracing Channel characterization

Association between heart failure severity and mobility in geriatric patients: an in-clinic study with wearable sensors

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第9期19卷 660-674页

作者： Tobias braun Anna Wiegard Johanna Geritz Clint Hansen Kim Eng Tan Hanna Hildesheim Jennifer Kudelka Corina Maetzler Julius Welzel Robbin Romijnders Walter Maetzler philipp Bergmann Department of Neurology Kiel UniversityArnold-Heller-Straße 324105 KielGermany Department of Internal Medicine I Christian-Albrechts-University of KielArnold-Heller-Straße 324105 KielGermany Department of Applied Health Sciences Division of PhysiotherapyHochschule für Gesundheit(University of Applied Sciences)Gesundheits-campus 6-844801 BochumGermany HSD Hochschule Döpfer(University of Applied Sciences) Waidmarkt 3 und 950676 CologneGermany

BACKGROUND Individuals with heart failure(HF) frequently experience limitations in mobility, but specific aspects of these limitations are not well understood. This study investigated the association of HF severity, based on the New York Heart Association(NYHA) classes, with digital mobility outcomes(DMOs) and handgrip strength in older inpatients with HF.METHODS For this explorative analysis, hospital admission and discharge data from an ongoing, prospective cohort study were used. The sample included older participants with HF and a sub-sample of heart-healthy individuals. Participants were equipped with a wearable inertial measurement unit(IMU) system during mobility performance(balancing, sit-to-stand transfer,walking). We analyzed the association between 17 DMOs and HF severity with multiple linear regression models.RESULTS The total sample included 61 older participants(65–97 years of age, 55.7% female). Of all DMOs, only sway path in a semi-tandem stance position(m/s^(2)) showed a relevant association with NYHA classes(admission: β =-0.28, P = 0.09;discharge:β =-0.39, P = 0.02). Handgrip strength showed a trend towards a significant association(admission: β =-0.15, P = 0.10;discharge:β =-0.15, P = 0.19).CONCLUSIONS This is to our best knowledge the first analysis on the association of HF severity and IMU-based DMOs. Sway path and handgrip strength may be the most promising parameters for monitoring mobility aspects in treatment of HF.

关键词： severity wear limitations

Calibration-free speckle matrix imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第3期11卷 1-3页

作者： philipp del Hougne Univ Rennes CNRSIETR-UMR 616435000RennesFrance

Unknown speckle patterns can be used to image targets embedded in complex scattering media 100 times faster than previous techniques based on carefully calibrated illuminations.

关键词： speckle illumination faster

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论法律获取问题

湖湘法学评论 2024年第2期4卷 142-160页

作者： [德]菲利普·赫克李剑(译) 不详中南林业科技大学政法学院湖南长沙410004

利益法学的出现是德国法学发展中的一道分水岭。在它之前是独领风骚近百年的德国历史法学以及由其发展而来的概念法学,而在它之后则是延宕至今的评价法学。在批判当时处于主流地位的概念法学和反思同时代兴起的自由主义法学的背景下,利... 详细信息

利益法学的出现是德国法学发展中的一道分水岭。在它之前是独领风骚近百年的德国历史法学以及由其发展而来的概念法学,而在它之后则是延宕至今的评价法学。在批判当时处于主流地位的概念法学和反思同时代兴起的自由主义法学的背景下,利益法学应运而生。随之,德国法律人对法律适用的认知也发生了根本性的转变。在一定意义上,我们可以把利益法学看作是介于概念法学与自由主义法学之间的“中间道路”。这三个法学流派之间存在的差异就集中反映在各自的方法论立场上,具体表现为对法律解释或法律获取问题的不同理解。

关键词：法律获取概念法学利益法学自由主义法学