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Contribution to the Characterization of Lateritic Soils for the Manufacture of Compressed Stabilized Earth Bricks

Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第4期11卷 411-426页

作者： Cherif Bishweka Marcelline Blanche Manjia François Ngapgue Ursula Joyce Merveilles pettang Nana chrispin pettang Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Sciences and Applied Technologies Free University of the Great Lakes Countries Congo North Kivu Goma Civil and Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Research and Postgraduate Training Unit for Engineering and Applications Science Post Graduate School for Science Technology and Geosciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology Bandjoun University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The aim of this study is to contribute to the mastery of the physical characteristics of lateritic soils in order to improve their use for the manufacture of Compressed Stabilized Earth Bricks (CSEB) in the province of North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study of the physical characteristics of lateritic soils was carried out. Samples were subjected to experimental identification tests on the physical characteristics (water content, density characteristics, particle size distribution and consistency). The results of the laboratory analysis of soil samples show that the water content varies between 5.4% and 36.99%. The density of the solid grains has an arithmetic mean of 2.5 g/cm3. The apparent density varies from 0.83 to 1.35 g/cm3. As for the dry density, it is in the range of 0.61 to 1.25 g/cm3. These relatively low densities indicate that the material studied has a significant degree of deformability. From the particle size analysis, it appears that the material studied contains an important fraction of fine particles. According to the consistency study, the soils studied are plastic clay as Ap class according to the Central Laboratory for Roads and Bridges (CLRB) ge

关键词： Lateritic Soils Identification Tests Characterization Classification Earth Construction

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Recovery of Mining Wastes in Building Materials: A Review

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第4期11卷 379-397页

作者： Alinabiwe Nyamuhanga Ally Manjia Marcelline Blanche Ursula Joyce pettang Nana Masika Muhiwa Grâce Ngapgue François chrispin pettang Laboratory Engineering Civil and Mechanics Doctoral Research Unit for Engineering and Applications University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technologies Free University of Great Lakes Countries Goma DRC Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaoundé University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology University of Dschang Bandjoun Cameroon

The use of materials from waste in buildings compensates for the lack of natural resources, solves the problem of waste management and provides an alternative technique for protection of the environment. There are a large number of industrial wastes that are used for full or partial replacement of raw materials in some construction materials. This review assesses mining waste in concrete as a substitute for aggregates and cement;in fired bricks as a substitute for soil;and in road backfill as a substitute for soil. This paper reviews some mining tailings, mine waste rocks and some slags obtained in the exploitation and/or processing of some ores including iron, gold, lead, phosphate, copper, coal, etc. Different physical properties, mechanical properties, chemical properties, heavy metal content, mineralogic composition, geotechnical properties and environmental properties (leaching test) of the mine wastes were examined. The physical, mechanical and environmental properties of the materials obtained by substitution of raw materials by mine waste were examined and compared to reference materials. Mining waste in cementitious materials offers good compressive strengths, while the porosity of the concrete and/or mortar is a factor influencing its toxicity. As for the waste in fired bricks, fired at a temperature of 900°C or more, it offers convincing compressive and flexural strengths. The few research studies obtained on the use of mining waste in road embankments have shown that mining waste can be used as a sub-base layer and backfill as long as it is not toxic. In addition, several other mining wastes require special attention as substitutes for raw materials in construction materials, such as coltan, cobalt.

关键词： Mining Waste Tailings Waste Rock Slug Fired Brick Backfill Material Cement Materials

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Characterization of Clay Materials and Performance Evaluation of Fired Clay Composites Made for Low-Cost Housing

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第4期10卷 338-359页

作者： Paulette Cathy Mengue Michel Mbessa Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze Adeyemi Adesina chrispin pettang Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Applied Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Windsor Windsor Canada

This study deals with the physico-chemical, mineralogical and geotechnical characterization of alluvial clays from Batchenga in Cameroon with a view to their use as building materials for housing. The alluvial clay (***) was collected in the locality of Batchenga at the village Natchigal (4˚20'40''N and 11˚37'40''E at 378 m altitude) and was fired between 900˚C and 1100˚C. Characterization was performed by XRD, XRF, DTA/DTG, and firing tests. XRD, XRF, DTA/DTG infrared analysis methods were performed on these clays. The linear shrinkage, mechanical strengths, water absorption, porosity and density were measured on the fired products. The results obtained show that the major oxides are for the *** SiO2 (72.13%), Al2O3 (14.1%), Fe2O3 (4.45%) and for the ***: SiO2 (48.91%), Al2O3 (23.79%), Fe2O3 (9.54%). The fired products based on alluvial clay, present the flexural strength of 4.45 MPa at 900˚C and 6.80 MPa at 1100˚C. As for those based on lateritic clay, the flexural strength is 0.53 and 0.76 MPa respectively at 900 and 1100˚C. The porosity is 33.69% at 900˚C and 22.93% at 1100˚C for the alluvial clay and 39.55% at 900˚C and 36.01% for the lateritic clay at 1100˚C. Water absorption is 18% to 11.16% for alluvial clay and 22.43% to 21.16% for lateritic clay at 900˚C and 1100˚C respectively. These results suggest that alluvial clay and its firing products have better physico-chemical, geotechnical and mechanical characteristics regardless of the firing temperature of the manufactured products. The addition of degreaser is recommended to improve the mechanical performance of lateritic clay.

关键词： Clays Fired Products Firing Temperature Physical and Mechanical Properties Microstructure

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River Sand Characterization for Its Use in Concrete: A Revue

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第2期13卷 353-366页

作者： Muhindo Wa Muhindo Abdias Manjia Marcelline Blanche Ursula Joyce pettang Nana Henry Fonbeyin Abanda Ngapgue François pettang chrispin Laboratory Engineering Civil and Mechanics Doctoral Research Unit for Engineering and Applications University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Buildings and Publics Works Section Institute of Building and Public Works Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Technology Design and Environment Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK Department of Civil Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology University of Dschang Bandjoun Cameroon

Despite the gradual professionalization of the construction sector as well as the abundance of sand mining sites offered by the North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo Region, ignorance of materials by local builders persists. This is the case of quarries extracting river sand used to make concrete and mortar. However, the dosages of the various constituents are most often chosen on the basis of experience without any prior characterization of this material. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the characterization of river sand for its use in concrete in DRC. The origin and global use of river sand in construction are presented in percentage terms to highlight the importance of river sand as a construction material. The physical properties of river sand, including particle size distribution, bulk density, absolute density, and cleanliness are discussed in detail. The paper examines the effect of variations in river sand properties on concrete behavior, including density and compressive strength. Overall, this paper emphasizes the need to properly characterize river sand before using it in construction to ensure durable, high-quality structures. This will avoid the problems that are observed in particular a bad behavior of the coating on the walls;cracks and crumbling of the beams, lintels, posts and even the ruin of the structures.

关键词： Characterization River Sand Concrete Construction Material Structure

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Substitution of Aggregates in Concrete and Mortar with Coltan Mining Waste: Mechanical, Environmental, and Economic Impact Case Study

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 139-163页

作者： Alinabiwe Nyamuhanga Ally Élodie Ruffine Zang Masika Muhiwa Grâce Manjia Marcelline Blanche Ursula Joyce Merveilles pettang Nana Ngapgue François Bella Nabil chrispin pettang Laboratory Engineering Civil and Mechanics Doctoral Research Unit for Engineering and Applications University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technologies Free University of Great Lakes Countries (ULPGL) Goma DRC Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaoundé University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology University of Dschang Bandjoun Cameroon FIMAS Laboratory Faculty of Technologies Tahri Mohamed University Bechar Algeria

The mining process involves drilling and excavation, resulting in the production of waste rock and tailings. The waste materials are then removed and stored in designated areas. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical strength and the environmental and economic impact of using Coltan Mining Waste (CMW) as a substitute for aggregates in concrete and mortar production. To achieve this, the CMW needs to be characterised. The Dreux Gorisse method was primarily used to produce concrete with a strength of 20 MPa at 28 days. The mortars, on the other hand, were formulated according to the NF P 18-452 standard. The environmental impact of using CMW as substitutes for natural aggregates in the production of concrete and mortar was analysed using SimaPro software. The results showed that mortars and concrete made with CMW have comparable compressive strengths to the reference mortar and concrete;reduce the negative impact on ecosystem quality, human health, resources, and climate change. It has also been shown that the substitution of aggregates by CMW reduces the cost of concrete and mortar as a function of the distance from the aggregate footprint.

关键词： Aggregate Coltan Mining Waste Concrete Mortar Mechanical Strength Life Cycle Analysis

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Impact of Earthquake Action on the Design and Sizing of Jointed Masonry Structures in South Kivu, DRC

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第1期14卷 127-153页

作者： Edmond Dawak Fezeu Marcelline Blanche Manjia Chérif Bishweka Biryondeke Patient Kubuya Binwa Élodie Rufine Zang chrispin pettang Laboratory of Engineering Civil and Mechanics Doctoral Research Unit for Engineering and Applications University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technologies Free University of Great Lakes Countries Goma DRC

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of seismic impacts on the design and dimensioning of structures in South Kivu. The starting point is the observation of an ambivalence that can be observed in the province, namely the non-consideration of seismic action in the study of structures by both professionals and researchers. The main objective of the study is to show the importance of dynamic analysis of structures in South Kivu. It adopts a meta-analytical approach referring to previous researches on South Kivu and proposes an efficient and optimal method. To arrive at the results, we use Eurocode 7 and 8. In addition, we conducted static analysis using the Coulomb method and dynamic analysis using the Mononobe-Okabe method and compared the results. At Nyabibwe, the results showed that we have a deviation of 24.47% for slip stability, 12.038% for overturning stability and 9.677% for stability against punching through a weight wall.

关键词： Jointed Masonry Weight-Bearing Structures Seismic Action Eurocode 7 and 8 Static and Dynamic Analysis

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Thermophysical and Mechanical Characterization of Poto-Poto Compressed Blocks for Use as Fill Material

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2021年第10期12卷 437-459页

作者： Kowa K. Eric Jean Claude Damfeu pettang J. Ursulala Joel Ducourneau Paul Woafo Chispin pettang Physics Department University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Energy Water and Environment National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon CNRS LEMTA UMR 7563 Vand&aelig uvre-lès-Nancy F-54500 France

This article is devoted to the thermophysical and mechanical study of an eco-material, poto-poto. The objective is to study the influence of the addition of bamboo fibers on the thermophysical properties of the material, while verifying that it complies with the mechanical standards in Cameroon. A double study is therefore carried out: a mechanical characterization whose objective is to determine the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and Young’s modulus) and a thermophysical characterization whose objective is to determine the thermal conductivity. For the thermophysical characterization, the asymmetric hot plane experimental setup based on 1D quadrupole modelling was developed and simulated for the estimation of thermal effusivity E and volume heat capacity ρCp. The obtained experimental results show that the apparent thermal conductivity of the developed materials decreases with increasing fibers. Although the reference material (0% fibers) has a much higher conductivity than the ordinary sand block (1.15 Wm-1 K-1), the addition of fibers, already at 2%, contributes to decrease this conductivity (0.95 Wm-1 K-1). From the point of view of thermal insulation and energy savings, the thermal conductivity results obtained show that the use of these materials with a maximum fibercontent of 6% would be a better thermal insulator than sand block or compressed earth brick. The compressive strength obtained is such that Rc > 0.6 MPa. All the materials developed meet the design standards when used as infill.

关键词： Thermoméchanical Charactézisation Poto-Poto Thermal Insulation Young’s Modulus

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Numerical Study of the Interaction between a Reinforced Concrete Pile and Soil

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2020年第3期10卷 259-269页

作者： N. M. Nde D. Fokwa M. Mbessa T. T. Tamo C. pettang Department of Civil Engineering University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering University of Bamenda Douala Cameroon

This paper proposes a numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of a reinforced concrete pile foundation under an axial load. In fact, the foundation of a structure represents the essential structural part of it, because it ensures its bearing capacity. Among the types of foundation, deep foundation is the one for which from a mechanical point of view, the justification takes into account the isolated or combined effects of base resistance offered by the soil bed and lateral friction at the soil-pile interface;the latter being the consequence of a large contact surface with the surrounding soil;hence the need to study the interaction between the soil and the pile in service, in order to highlight the characteristics of soil which influence the mechanical behavior of pile and therefore the stability of the structure. In this study, the reinforced concrete pile is supposed to be elastic, and characterized by a young’s modulus (E) and a Poisson’s ratio (ν). The soil obeys to a Camclay model characterized by a cohesion (c), an initial voids ratio (

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