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在批次和固定床反应器中用于菜子油酯化K/Al_2O_3催化剂的稳定性(英文)

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催化学报 2014年第7期35卷 1084-1090页

作者： petr Kutálek Libor apek Lucie Smoláková David Kubikb Martin Hájek Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10 PardubiceCzech Republic Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RENTECH-UniCREChempark Litvínov Záluí-Litvínov436 70Czech Republic

Catalytically active, stable, and mechanically durable solid K/Al 2 O 3 catalysts for the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol was studied. In a batch reactor, high catalytic activity was accompanied by leaching of K species, caused by glycerol, and mechanical destruction of the solid catalyst as a result of contact with the stirrer. In a fixed-bed reactor, some leaching of K species into the liquid phases was also observed, but approached 0 during 30 h of time-on-stream; the activity of the K/Al 2 O 3 catalyst (∼83% ester yield) was stable for 100 h of time-on-stream and no mechanical destruction of the catalyst was observed. The populations of K 2 O and K-O-Al species for fresh and used K/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were compared using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that some K 2 O species leached into the liquid phases at the beginning of the reaction.

关键词：固定床反应器固体催化剂 Al2O3 稳定性菜籽油转移反应傅立叶变换红外光谱法酯基

The Effect of Brown Coal Mining on the Environment and Health of the Population in Northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)

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International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy 2017年第1期6卷 1-13页

作者： petr Vrablik Eliska Wildova Jaroslava Vrablikova Faculty of Environment J. E. Purkyne University Usti nad Labem Czech Republic

Coal mining has proven negative impacts on the landscape and health of inhabitants. Solid dust particles and SO2, which are the main polluting substances in coal mining and burning, are the main causes of diseases in areas with intensive coal mining. This contribution deals with areas in the Czech Republic which have the greatest problems in this regard, being North Bohemia (Chomutov, Most, Teplice and ústí nad Labem districts). It is an area with considerable anthropogenic activity, mainly due to the intensive mining of brown coal, which has a direct effect on the health of the inhabitants of the entire ústí nad Labem region. Along with the growing number of inhabitants, energy consumption demands are constantly increasing. Nevertheless, it’s important to focus primarily on renewable energy sources, which will ensure the sustainable development of the environment and society. At the same time, the question arises, which energy sources can potentially be utilized here after mining ends (2052). In terms of geography, wind energy has the greatest potential in this area. This and associated issues are dealt with by the project “Sustainable Forms of Management in an Anthropogenically Burdened Region” at the Faculty of Environment at the University of Jan E. Purkyně in ústí nad Labem.

关键词： Coal Mining Health of Population Sustainable Development Northern Bohemia Air Quality

Dynamic engagement characteristics of wet clutch based on hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission

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Journal of Central South University 2021年第5期28卷 1377-1389页

作者： ZHAO Jing XIAO Mao-hua petr BARTOS Andrea BOHATA College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China Faculty of Agriculture University of South BohemiaStudentska 1668Czech

The effect of the design parameter on the clutch engagement process of the hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission(CVT)was ***,the model of the power train was developed with the software of SimulationX,and the clutch shift experiment was used to validate the correctness of the ***,the friction coefficient function was fitted with the test data to get the friction coefficient model suitable for this ***,based on the evaluating index of the friction torque and the friction power,two groups of design parameters(oil pressure and friction coefficient)were simulated and explained the changing regulation *** to the simulation results,the high oil pressure and friction coefficient can reduce the slipping *** large oil pressure can increase the peak torque but the effect of friction coefficient on the peak torque is not so *** friction power reaches the maximum value at 3.2 s,the peak value increases as the oil pressure and friction coefficient *** effect of the oil pressure on the clutch engagement and thermal performance is greater than the friction coefficient.

关键词： wet clutch friction heat friction torque friction power

Changes in soil faunal density and microbial community under altered litter input in forests and grasslands

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Fundamental Research 2022年第6期2卷 954-963页

作者： Xinyu Wei Fuzhong Wu petr Heděnec Kai Yue Yan Peng Jing Yang Xiaoyue Zhang Xiangyin Ni Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Agritec Plant Research Ltd. Zemědělská16Šumperk 78701Czech Republic Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development University Malaysia TerengganuKuala NerusTerengganu 21030Malaysia

Root and foliar litter inputs are the primary sources of carbon and nutrients for soil fauna and microorganisms,yet we still lack a quantitative assessment to evaluate the effects of root and foliar litter on various groups of soil organisms across terrestrial ***,we compiled 978 paired observations from 68 experimental sites to assess the directions and magnitudes of adding and removing foliar and root litter on the soil faunal density and microbial biomass that was evaluated by phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)across forests and grasslands *** found that litter addition had only a marginal effect on soil faunal density but significantly increased the soil total microbial-,fungal-and bacterial-PLFAs by 13%,14%,and 10%,respectively,across ecosystems,suggesting that the soil microbial community is more sensitive to carbon source addition than soil fauna,particularly in soils with low carbon to nitrogen *** contrast,removing litter significantly decreased the soil faunal density by 17%but had few effects on soil *** with foliar litter,root litter input had a more positive effect on the development of soil fungal *** effect of both litter addition and removal on soil faunal density and microbial biomass did not differ between humid and arid regions,but a greater influence was observed in grasslands than in forests for soil microbial *** results highlight that the increasing litter production under a global greening scenario would stimulate microbial activity in grasslands more than in forests,and this stimulation would be greater for soil microbes than soil fauna.

关键词： Detritus input and removal treatment Soil fauna Bacteria Fungi Phospholipid fatty acids

The Compound Indexing of Human Self-Similar Behavioural Patterns

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第17期7卷 2212-2228页

作者： petr Kloucek Pavel Zakharov Armin von Gunten CAMPsyN Old Age Psychiatry Service Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Biovotion AG Zurich Switzerland

Applications of a constitutive framework providing compound complexity analysis and indexing of coarse-grained self-similar time series representing behavioural data are presented. A notion of behavioural entropy and hysteresis is introduced as two different forms of compound measures. These measures provide clinically applicable complexity analysis of behavioural patterns yielding scalar characterisation of time-varying behaviours registered over an extended period of time. The behavioural data are obtained using body attached sensors providing non-invasive readings of heart rate, skin blood perfusion, blood oxygenation, skin temperature, movement and steps frequency. The results using compound measures of behavioural patterns of fifteen healthy individuals are presented. The application of the compound measures is shown to correlate with complexity analysis. The correlation is demonstrated using two healthy subjects compared against a control group. This indicates a possibility to use these measures in place of fractional dimensions to provide a finer characterisation of behavioural patterns observed using sensory data acquired over a long period of time.

关键词： Behavioural Complexity Physiological and Behavioural Surrogate Data Behavioural Entropy Behavioural Hysteresis Seld-Similar Normally Distributed Precesses Non-Integer Hausdorff-Besicovitch Dimension Hurst Exponent

Sequence analysis of Erianthus arundinaceus chromosome 1 isolated by flow sorting after genomic in situ hybridization in suspension

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The Crop Journal 2022年第6期10卷 1746-1754页

作者： Shan Yang petr Cápal Jaroslav Dolezel Xueting Li Wang Qian Zhiqiang Wang Kai Zeng Peiting Li Hongkai Zhou Rui Xia Muqing Zhang Zuhu Deng National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane&State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources&Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Center of the Region Hanáfor Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc CZ-77900Czech Republic College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088GuangdongChina State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina

Erianthus arundinaceus is a wild relative of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.)with many desirable agronomic traits for sugarcane genetic ***,limited knowledge of the complex genome of hexaploid *** has impeded the development of required molecular *** complex genomes into single chromosomes can simplify *** flow-cytometric sorting of a single chromosome of *** in a Saccharum-Erianthus introgression line is reported.A novel approach called genomic in situ hybridization in suspension was used to discriminate the alien chromosome from sugarcane chromosomes at the same size.A total of 218,000 *** chromosome 1(EaC1)were sorted to>97%purity and amplified DNA was sequenced using Illumina and Pac Bio *** resulting assembly had a 70.93 Mb contig sequence with an N50 of 19.62 kb.A total of 56.69 Mb repeat sequences were predicted,accounting for 79.1%of the chromosome and 2646 genes having a total length of 1.84 Mb that represented 2.59%of the *** these genes,1877(70.9%)genes were functionally *** phylogenetic relationship of *** with other species using the chromosome1 sequence revealed that *** was distantly related to Oryza sativa and Zea mays,followed by Sorghum bicolor,and was closely related to *** and Saccharum *** study provides the first insights into the characteristics of EaC1,and the results will provide tools to support molecular improvement and alien introgression breeding of sugarcane.

关键词： Flow cytometry GISHIS Chromosome sorting Genome analysis Sugarcane

Resveratrol modifies biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in sham-operated and cholestatic rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第43期23卷 7678-7692页

作者： Eva Dolezelova Alena Prasnicka Jolana Cermanova Alejandro Carazo Lucie Hyrsova Milos Hroch Jaroslav Mokry Michaela Adamcova Alena Mrkvicova petr Pavek Stanislav Micuda Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Charles UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Charles UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Medical Biochemistry Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Department of Histology and Embryology Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Department of Physiology Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove

AIM To investigate the effect of resveratrol on biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in healthy and bile duct-obstructed rats. METHODS Resveratrol(RSV) or saline were administered to rats by daily oral gavage for 28 d after sham operation or reversible bile duct obstruction(BDO). Bile was collected 24 h after the last gavage during an intravenous bolus dose of the Mdr1/Mrp2 substrate azithromycin. Bile acids,glutathione and azithromycin were measured in bile to quantify their level of biliary secretion. Liver expression of enzymes and transporters relevant for bile production and biliary secretion of major bile constituents and drugs were analyzed at the m RNA and protein levels using q RT-PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively. The TR-FRET PXR Competitive Binding Assay kit was used to determine the agonism of RSV at the pregnane X receptor. RESULTS RSV increased bile flow in sham-operated rats due to increased biliary secretion of bile acids(BA) and glutathione. This effect was accompanied by the induction of the hepatic rate-limiting transporters for bile acids and glutathione,Bsep and Mrp2,respectively. RSV also induced Cyp7 a1,an enzyme that is crucial for bile acid synthesis; Mrp4,a transporter important for BA secretion from hepatocytes to blood; and Mdr1,the major apical transporter for xenobiotics. The findings were supported by increased biliary secretion of azithromycin. The TR-FRET PXR competitive binding assay confirmed RSV as a weak agonist of the human nuclear receptor PXR,which is a transcriptional regulator of Mdr1/Mrp2. RSV demonstrated significant hepatoprotective properties against BDO-induced cirrhosis. RSV also reduced bile flow in BDO rats without any corresponding change in the levels of the transporters and enzymes involved in RSV-mediated hepatoprotection. CONCLUSION Resveratrol administration for 28 d has a distinct effect on bile flow and biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in healthy and bile duct-obstructed rats.

关键词： Resveratrol Bile production Bile acids Pregnane X receptor Azithromycin

欧洲被动式住房理念及其技术的发展与应用研究

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建筑学报 2011年第9期 38-43页

作者：陈翚 petr Herman 湖南大学建筑学院长沙410082 捷克技术大学建筑学院

通过对两个实例的分析介绍了近年来欧洲被动式住房的概念及其技术的发展,并对被动式住房的基本要素、标准、经济指标和国内的应用前景进行了初步探索。

关键词：被动式住房供暖系统废热回收隔热气密层

Diode-pumped,electro-optically Q-switched,cryogenic Tm:YAG laser operating at 1.88 μm

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第1期9卷 103-108页

作者： Jörg Körner Venkatesan Jambunathan Fangxin Yue Jürgen Reiter Ondrej Slezák petr Navrátil Samuel Paul David Antonio Lucianetti Joachim Hein TomášMocek Malte CKaluza HiLASE Centre Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany Helmholz Institute Jena JenaGermany

We present a diode-pumped, electro-optically Q-switched Tm:YAG laser with a cryogenically cooled laser crystal at120 K. Output pulses of up to 2.55 mJ and 650 ns duration were demonstrated in an actively Q-switched configuration with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. By using cavity dumping the pulse duration was shortened to 18 ns with only a slightly lower output energy of 2.22 mJ. Furthermore, using a simplified rate equation model, we discuss design constraints on the pump fluence in a pulse pump approach for Tm:YAG to maximize the energy storage capability at a given pump power.

关键词： cryogenic condition laser Q-switch short-wave infrared Tm:YAG