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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.F.Li Y.J.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong m.Büscher S.m.Weng m.Chen Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(moE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKEN(Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina peter grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(moE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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modelling soil erodibility in mountain rangelands of southern Kyrgyzstan

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 443-456页

作者： maksim KULIKOV Udo SCHICKHOFF Alexander grONgrOFT peter BORCHARDT Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit(CEN) Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityInstitute of GeographyUniversity of HamburgHamburg D-20146(Germany) Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit(CEN) Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityInstitute of Soil ScienceUniversity of HamburgHamburg D-20146(Germany)

Soil erosion in mountain rangelands in Kyrgyzstan is an emerging problem due to vegetation loss caused by overgrazing. It is further exacerbated by mountain terrain and high precipitation values in Fergana range in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The main objective of this study was to map soil erodibility in the mountainous rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. The results of this effort are expected to contribute to the development of soil erodibility modelling approaches for mountainous areas. In this study, we mapped soil erodibility at two sites, both representing grazing rangelands in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan and having potentially different levels of grazing pressure. We collected a total of 232 soil samples evenly distributed in geographical space and feature space. Then we analyzed the samples in laboratory for grain size distribution and calculated soil erodibility values from these data using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) K-factor formula. After that, we derived different terrain indices and ratios of frequency bands from ASTER GDEm and LANDSAT images to use as auxiliary data because they are among the main soil forming factors and widely used for prediction of various soil properties. Soil erodibility was significantly correlated with channel network base level (geographically extrapolated altitude of water channels), remotely sensed indices of short-wave infrared spectral bands, exposition, and slope degree. We applied multiple regression analysis to predict soil erodibility from spatially explicit terrain and remotely sensed indices. The final soil erodibility model was developed using the spatially explicit predictors and the regression equation and then improved by adding the residuals. The spatial resolution of the model was 30 m, and the estimated mean adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.47. The two sites indicated different estimated and predicted means of soil erodibility values (0.035 and 0.039) with a 0.05 significance level, which i

关键词： channel network base level K-factor LANDSAT RUSLE soil enhancement ratio soil mapping slope terrain

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Visualization Working group at TU Wien Visible Facimus Quod Ceteri Non Possunt

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Visual Informatics 2021年第1期5卷 76-84页

作者： Hsiang-Yun Wu Aleksandr Amirkhanov Nicolas grossmann Tobias Klein David Kouřil Haichao miao Laura R.Luidolt peter mindek Renata G.Raidou Ivan Viola manuela Waldner m.Eduard gröller TU Wien Austria

Building-up and running a university-based research group is a multi-faceted *** visualization working group at TU Wien(vis-group)has been internationally active over more than 25 *** group has been acting in a competitive scientific setting where sometimes contradicting multiple objectives require trade-offs and ***-wise the group has been performing basic and applied research in visualization and visual ***-wise the group has been involved in undergraduate and graduate lecturing in(medical)visualization and computer *** be scientifically competitive requires to constantly expose the group and its members to a strong international competition at the highest *** necessitates to shield the members against the ensuing pressures and demands and provide(emotional)support and ***,the vis-group has developed a unique professional and social interaction culture:work and celebrate,hard and *** has crystallized into a nested,recursive,and triangular organization model,which concretizes what it takes to make a research group *** key elements are the creative and competent vis-group members who collaboratively strive for(scientific)excellence in a socially enjoyable environment.

关键词： Vis-group Visualization Visual analytics Visual modelitics Visual datascience

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Data mining and machine Learning methods Applied to A Numerical Clinching model

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Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第12期117卷 387-423页

作者： marco Gotz Ferenc Leichsenring Thomas Kropp peter müller Tobias Falk Wolfgang graf michael Kaliske Welf-Guntram Drossel Institute for Structural Analysis Technische UniversitatDresdenGermany Fraunhofer Institute for machine Tools and Forming Technology DresdenGermany

Numerical mechanical models used for design of structures and processes are very complex and high-dimensionally *** understanding of the model characteristics is of interest for engineering tasks and subsequently for an efficient *** analysis methods are known and available to gain insight into existing *** this contribution,selected methods from various fields are applied to a real world mechanical engineering example of a currently developed clinching *** selection of introduced methods comprises techniques of machine learning and data mining,in which the utilization is aiming at a decreased numerical *** methods of choice are basically discussed and references are given as well as challenges in the context of meta-modelling and sensitivities are *** incremental knowledge gain is provided by a step-bystep application of the numerical methods,whereas resulting consequences for further applications are ***,a visualisation method aiming at an easy design guideline is *** visual decision maps incorporate the uncertainty coming from the reduction of dimensionality and can be applied in early stage of design.

关键词： Design data mining computational intelligence meta-modelling permissible design space sensitivity analysis self-organizing maps inverse problem early stage of design clinching

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Shot-noise limited, supercontinuum-based optical coherence tomography

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第7期10卷 1372-1384页

作者： Shreesha Rao D.S. mikkel Jensen Lars grüner-Nielsen Jesper Toft Olsen peter Heiduschka Björn Kemper Jürgen Schnekenburger martin Glud mette mogensen Niels møller Israelsen Ole Bang DTU Fotonik Dept.of Photonics EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkØrsteds Plads2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark NKT Photonics A/S Blokken 843460 BirkerødDenmark Department of Ophthalmology University of Münster Medical CentreDomagkstr.15D-48149 MünsterGermany Biomedical Technology Center of the medical Faculty University of MünsterMendelstr.17D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Dermatology Bisbebjerg HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenBispebjerg Bakke 232400 Copenhagen NVDenmark

We present the first demonstration of shot-noise limited supercontinuum-based spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)with an axial resolution of 5.9μm at a center wavelength of 1370 *** supercontinuumbased SD-OCT systems cannot be operated in the shot-noise limited detection regime because of severe pulse-topulse relative intensity noise of the supercontinuum *** overcome this disadvantage,we have developed a low-noise supercontinuum source based on an all-normal dispersion(ANDi)fiber,pumped by a femtosecond *** noise performance of our 90 mHz ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source is compared to that of two commercial sources operating at 80 and 320 mHz repetition *** show that the low-noise of the ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source improves the OCT images significantly in terms of both higher contrast,better sensitivity,and improved *** SD-OCT imaging of skin,retina,and multilayer stacks we conclude that supercontinuumbased SD-OCT can enter the domain of shot-noise limited detection.

关键词： fiber optical pumped

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Comparison of adipose particle size on autologous fat graft retention in a rodent model

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2020年第2期7卷 51-63页

作者： Xiaonan Yang Francesco m.Egro Taraneh Jones W.Vincent Nerone michael Yousefpour Jeffrey A.Gusenoff J.peter Rubin Lauren E.Kokai Department of Plastic Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15213USA No.16 Department of Plastic Surgery Plastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Chemical Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA mcGowan Institute for Regenerative medicine PittsburghPA 15219USA

Aim:Unpredictable retention outcomes remain a significant issue in autologous fat grafting *** cannula variation leads to variability in fat particle *** data suggest that the size of fat particles is closely related to graft healing outcomes;however,this remains a point of contention due to potential confounding variables such as tissue trauma with *** aim of this study was to compare autologous fat grafting outcomes with variable fat particle sizes in an animal model which isolated fat particle size as the primary experimental *** overall goal of this work was to determine if reducing fat particle size is an effective method for enhancing graft retention in autologous fat ***:The range of fat particle diameter harvested by four common liposuction cannulas was quantified to define relevant small and large particle target *** determine if particle size impacted nutrient and oxygen permeability,small and large particles were incubated in vitro in a spinner flask with an abundance of culture media and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***,small and large fat grafts were prepared from subcutaneous mouse fat pads and grafted in syngeneic Balb/CJ *** and volume retention were evaluated at 1,4,8,and 12 *** analysis with masson's trichrome and perilipin immunofluorescent staining was ***-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed foradipogenic,inflammatory and apoptotic ***:The range of fat particle diameters harvested with four commonly used cannulas was 2-7 *** vitro studies showed that 5-7-mm particles had significantly increased VEGF secretion normalized to weight,indicating increased tissue hypoxia in these particles compared to 2-4-mm ***,in vivo comparison in two unique studies showed 2-4-mm and 5-7-mm fat particles had comparable graft retention(P=0.5329).

关键词： Fat grafting particle size lipofilling lipoharvesting adipocyte viability clinical translation

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5-HT receptors mediating external carotid vasoconstriction in vagosympathectomized dogs

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中国药理学报 1999年第12期20卷 1057-1067页

作者： Carlos m VILLALóN David CENTURIóN Araceli SóNCHEZ-LóNEZ peter DE VRIES Pramod SAXENA Departamento de Farmacologia CINVESTAV-IPNApdoPostal 2202614000 Mxico DFMxico Department of Pharmacology Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute"COEUR"Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam"EMCR"PO Box 17383000 DR RotterdamThe Netherlands

One specific example reflecting the completity ofcardiovascular responses induced by serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine;5-HT)and the progress achieved inthe pharmacological characterization of the receptorsinvolved can be illustrated by the effects of 5-HT on thecanine external carotid artery *** thisframework,it has been shown that the external carotidvasoconstrictor response to 5-HT in the dog is mediatedby'5-HT_(1)-like'receptors,which being blocked by the5-HT_(1B/1D)receptor antagonist gr127935,resemble 5-HT_(1B/1D)(previously called 5-HT_(1B/1D))*** was proposed that these receptors coilld belong to the 5-HT_(lB),rather than the 5-HT_(lD),subtype on the basis of their resistance to blockade by a high dose of ritanserin(a potential 5-HT_(lD)receptor antagomst and the presence of mRNA for 5-HT_(lB)(5-HT_(lDB))receptors,but not for 5-HT_(lD)(5-HT_(lD))receptors,in vascalar smooth *** the advent of subtype-selective antagonists it was subsequently shown that the external carotid vasocenstriction to 5-HT and surmantriptan is dose-dependently antagonized by the selective 5-HT_(lB)receptor antagonist SB224289[2,3,6.7-telrahydro-I'-methyl-5-[2'-methyl-4(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-y1)biphenyl-4-carbonyl]]furo[2,3-f]indole-3-spiro-4'-piperidine hydrochloride],whereas the selective 5-HT_(lD)receptor antagonist BRL15572[l(3-chloropheny1)-4-[3,3-diphenyl(2-(S,R)hydroxypropany1)piperazine]hydrochloride was *** findings represent the first in vivo evidence showing that vascular constriction induced by 5-HT and sumatriptan is mediated primarily via 5-HT_(lB),but not 5-HT_(lD)*** pharmacological profile of these receptors could be similar(isolated human temporal artery and porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses)to other putative 5-HT_(lB)receptors mediating vasoconstrictor *** view of the putative pathophysiologic role of external carotid(and extracerebral)vasodilation in migraine,the constriction of these blood vessels by s

关键词： serotonin receptors BRL15572 external carotid artery gr127935 SB224289 sumatriptan vasoconstriction ritanserin ketanserin migraine

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Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva max Planck Institute for meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

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Tolpyralate + Atrazine Applied Preemergence Provides Residual gr Canada Fleabane [<i>Conyza canadensis</i>(L.) Cronq.] Control Similar to Current Industry Standards

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第4期11卷 417-424页

作者： Nicole m. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar David C. Hooker Darren E. Robinson peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada ISK Biosciences Inc. Concord OH USA

Tolpyralate is a benzoylpyrazole, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, and a herbicide registered for use in corn. The efficacy of tolpyralate plus atrazine to provide full-season residual control of glyphosate-resistant (gr) Canada fleabane in corn is not known under Ontario environmental conditions. Five field trials were completed over a two-year period (2018-19) in south-western Ontario on farms with confirmed gr Canada fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] populations to determine if tolpyralate + atrazine provides full-season residual control of gr Canada fleabane in corn. Corn injury was less than 10% with all treatments. At 4 weeks after application (WAA), tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1), and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled gr Canada fleabane 64, 78 and 72%, respectively. A tank mix of tolpyralate + atrazine at both rates improved gr Canada fleabane control to 94%. Saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine, and dicamba/atrazine controlled gr Canada fleabane 99, 95 and 92%, respectively. At 8 WAA, tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled gr Canada fleabane 83, 88, and 83%, respectively (Table 2). The tank mixes of tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) and tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled gr Canada fleabane 94, and 97%, respectively, 8 WAA which was similar to saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine and dicamba/atrazine. There was no treatment difference for corn yield. Based on these results, tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1), tolpyralate (30 g·ha−1) + atrazine and tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1) + atrazine, applied PRE, provided similar control of gr Canada fleabane as current indu

关键词： Crop Injury Density Efficacy Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed marestail Residual Weed Control Sensitivity Weed Control g·ai·ha-1

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Losartan to prevent hyperenzymemia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography: A randomized clinical trial

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2012年第11期4卷 506-512页

作者： Tomas Sjberg Bexelius John Blomberg Hans-Olof Hkansson peter mller Carl-Eric Nordgren Urban Arnelo Jesper Lagergren mats Lindblad Upper Gastrointestinal Research Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet 176 70 Stockholm Sweden Department of Surgery Gastro Center Karolinska University Hospital Department of Surgery Kalmar County Hospital Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet 176 70 Stockholm Sweden

AIm: To study if the angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) losartan counteracts pancreatic hyperenzymemia as measured 24 h after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). mETHODS: A triple-blind and placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was performed at two Swedish hospitals in 2006-2008. Patients over 18 years of age undergoing ERCP, excluding those with current pancreatitis, current use of ARB, and severe disease, such as sepsis, liver and renal failure. One oral dose of 50 mg losartan or placebo was given one hour before ERCP. The relative risk of hyperenzymemia 24 h after ERCP was estimated using multivariable logistic regression, and expressed as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), including adjustment for potential remaining confounding. RESULTS: Among 76 participating patients, 38 were randomized to the losartan and the placebo group, respectively. The incidence rates of hyperenzymemia and acute pancreatitis among all 76 participating patients were 21% and 12%, respectively. Hyperenzymemia was detected in 9 and 7 patients in the losartan and placebo group, respectively. There were no major differences between the comparison groups regarding cannulation difficulty, findings, or proportion of patients requiring drainage of the bile ducts. There were, however, more pancreatic duct injections, a greater extent of pancreatography, and more biliary sphincterotomies in the losartan group than in the placebo group. Losartan was not associated with risk of hyperenzymemia compared to the placebo group after multi-varible logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 1.6, 95%CI 0.3-7.8). CONCLUSION: In this randomized trial 50 mg losartan given orally had no prophylactic effect on development of hyperenzymemia after ERCP.

关键词： Renin-angiotensin system Pancreatitis Prophylaxis Placebo-controlled trial

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