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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song tom van der Valk Bin Gao peter Halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming Han Yue-Hua Sun Jacob Hoglund Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany the State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(***).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).these levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-tibetan Plateau ROH tetrastes

Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk in the Beijing-tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and Paralympics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： Changqing Lin peter K.K.Louie Alexis K.H.Lau Jimmy C.H.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shakhaoat Hossain Chengcai Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public Health and Informatics Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) *** the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant *** this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–tianjin–Hebei(BtH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).this mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant *** show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the *** to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the *** the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BtH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the *** results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based *** with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk Carbon neutrality Mega-events

Influence of non-Hermitian mode topology on refractive index sensing with plasmonic waveguides

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Photonics Research 2022年第3期10卷 719-730页

作者： Alessandro tuniz Markus A.schmidt Boris t.Kuhlmey Institute of Photonics and Optical Science(IPOS) School of PhysicsThe University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia the University of Sydney Nano Institute(Sydney Nano) The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Leibniz Institute of Photonic technology(IPHt Jena) 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena07743 JenaGermany

We evaluate the sensing properties of plasmonic waveguide sensors by calculating their resonant transmission spectra in different regions of the non-Hermitian eigenmode *** elucidate the pitfalls of using modal dispersion calculations in isolation to predict plasmonic sensor performance,which we address by using a simple model accounting for eigenmode excitation and *** transmission calculations show that resonant wavelength and spectral width crucially depend on the length of the sensing region,so that no single criterion obtained from modal dispersion calculations alone can be used as a proxy for ***,we find that the optimal detection limits occur where directional coupling is supported,where the narrowest spectra *** narrow spectral features can only be measured by filtering out all higher-order modes at the output,e.g.,via a single-mode *** calculations also confirm a characteristic square root dependence of the eigenmode splitting with respect to the permittivity perturbation at the exceptional point,which we show can be identified through the sensor beat length at *** work provides a convenient framework for designing and characterizing plasmonic waveguide sensors when comparing them with experimental measurements.

关键词： waveguide mode narrow

Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu2O microcavities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 619-627页

作者： Maxim Makhonin Anthonin Delphan Kok Wee Song Paul Walker tommi Isoniemi peter Claronino Konstantinos Orfanakis Sai Kiran Rajendran Hamid Ohadi Julian Heckötter Marc Assmann Manfred Bayer Alexander tartakovskii Maurice Skolnick Oleksandr Kyriienko Dmitry Krizhanovskii Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of ExeterStocker RoadExeter EX44PYUK. SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK. Fakultät Physik TU DortmundAugust-Schmidt-Straße 444227 DortmundGermany

Rydberg excitons(analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems)are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr *** interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity,with applications in sensing and quantum information ***,we achieve strong effective photon–photon interactions(Kerr-like optical nonlinearity)via the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled *** pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton *** analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observed scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as∝n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n=*** high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities,which paves the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic(polaritonic)states in a solid state system.

关键词： density Rydberg polar

the evolution and refinement of vasoepididymostomy techniques

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 49-55页

作者： peter t Chan Department of Urology Royal Victoria Hospital McGill University Health Center Montreal Quebec H3A 1A1 Canada

Obstructive azoospermia secondary to epididymal obstruction can be corrected by microsurgical reconstruction with vasoepididymostomy （VE）. Although alternative management such as epididymal or testicular sperm aspiration in conjunction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is feasible, various studies have established the superior cost-effectiveness of VE as a treatment of choice. Microsurgical VE is considered one of the most technically challenging microsurgeries. Its success rate is highly dependent on the skills and experience of the surgeons. Various techniques have been described in the literature for VE. We have pioneered a technique known as longitudinal intussusception VE （LIVE） in which the epididymal tubule is opened longitudinally to obtain a larger opening to allow its tubular content to pass through the anastomosis. Our preliminary data demonstrated a patency rate of over 90%. this technique has been widely referenced in the recent literature including robotic-assisted microsurgery. the history of the development of different VE approaches, the oreoDerative evaluation along with the techniaues of various VE will be described in this article.

关键词： longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (LIVE) intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) male infertility microsurgery obstructive azoospermia vasoepididymostomy (VE)

Interdigitated terahertz metamaterial sensors:design with the dielectric perturbation theory

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1115-1128页

作者： LEI CAO FANQI MENG ESRAÖZDEMIR YANNIK LOtH MERLE RICHtER ANNA KAtHARINA WIGGER MAIRA BEAtRIZ PÉREZ SOSA ALAA JABBAR JUMAAH SHIHAB AL-DAFFAIE peter HARING BOLÍVAR HARtMUt G.ROSKOS State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Physikalisches Institut Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversitätFrankfurt am MainGermany University of Siegen Institute for High Frequency and Quantum ElectronicsSiegenGermany Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology5612 AE EindhovenThe Netherlands

Designing terahertz sensors for highly sensitive detection of nanoscale thin films and a few biomolecules poses a substantial challenge but is crucial for unlocking their full potential in scientific research and advanced *** work presents a strategy for optimizing metamaterial sensors in detecting small quantities of dielectric *** amount of frequency shift depends on intrinsic properties(electric field distribution,Q-factor,and mode volume)of the bare cavity as well as the overlap volume of its high-electric-field zone(s)and the *** by the simplified dielectric perturbation theory,interdigitated electric split-ring resonators(ID-eSRRs)are devised to significantly enhance the detection sensitivity compared with eSRRs without interdigitated ***-eSRR’s fin-gers redistribute the electric field,creating strongly localized enhancements,which boost analyte *** periodic change of the inherent antiphase electric field reduces radiation loss,leading to a higher *** with ID-eSRR sensors operating at around 300 GHz demonstrate a remarkable 33.5 GHz frequency shift upon depositing a 150 nm SiO_(2)layer as an analyte simulant,with a figure of merit improvement of over 50 times compared with structures without interdigitated *** rational design offers a promising avenue for highly sensitive detection of thin films and trace biomolecules.

关键词： dielectric perturbation theory

Additive manufacturing of prototype elements with process interfaces for continuously operating manufacturing lines

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第6期13卷 575-583页

作者： Cosima Hirschberg Mikkel schmidt Larsen Johan peter Botker Jukka Rantanen Department of Pharmacy University of Copenhagen

Rapid prototyping based on in silico design and 3D printing enables fast customization of complex geometries to multiple needs. this study utilizes, additive manufacturing for rapid prototyping of elements for continuously operating mixing geometries including interfaces with process analytical technology(PAt) tools, to show that 3D printing can be used for prototyping of both parts of production line and PAt interfacing solution. An additional setup was designed for measuring the dynamic calibration samples for a semi-quantitative near infrared(NIR) spectroscopic model. the powder was filled in a small calibration chamber and in-line NIR spectra of calibration samples were collected from moving material while mimicking the powder flow dynamics in a typical continuous mixer. this dynamic powder mixing system was compared with a static powder calibration model where the NIR probe was placed at different positions on a static sample. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the 3D printed device with dynamic measurement of the NIR spectra had more potential for quantitative analysis. With the prototype continuous mixer, two differently placed process interfaces for NIR spectroscopic monitoring of the powder mixing were evaluated. With this approach, the importance of positioning the process analytical tools to assess the blend uniformity could be demonstrated. It was also observed that with the longer mixing geometry, a better mixing result was achieved due to a larger hold up volume and increased residence time.

关键词： 3D printing Continuous mixing Near-infrared spectroscopy Additive manufacturing

NUMERICAL CALCULAtION OF LONDON-VAN DER WAALS ADHESION FORCE DIStRIBUtIONS FOR DIFFERENt SHAPED PARtICLES

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China Particuology 2005年第1期3卷 19-22页

作者： Jost-peter Sonnenberg Eberhard schmidt Safety technology/Environmental Protection Department D University of Wuppertal 42097 Wuppertal Germany

A basic method to calculate van der Waals dispersion force distributions for submicron superquadric particles in particle-wall systems is presented. the force distribution is achieved by rotating particles through a large number of arbitrary spatial orientations, each time keeping constant the contact distance to the wall surface while calculating the dispersion force. to accomplish this, the use of 2D particle shape suffices, that is, through using an inter-dimensional function, which has been determined previously. A further development of the method within digital image analysis may lead to possible applications to forecasting the macroscopic properties of particle systems, for example, flowability, agglomeration behavior or dispersibility. For small ranges of superquadric particle shapes, each with a different size, the way from determining the inter-dimensional function up to applying image analysis is shown in an example.

关键词： dispersion force distributions image analysis superquadratic particle shapes

Superconductivity in antiperovskites

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1424-1433页

作者： Noah Hoffmann tiago F.t.Cerqueira Jonathan schmidt Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099HalleGermany CFisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraRua Larga3004-516CoimbraPortugal

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of conventional superconductivity in cubic antiperovskites materials with composition XYZ_(3) where X and Z are metals,and Y is H,B,C,N,O,and *** starting point are electron–phonon calculations for 397 materials performed with density-functional perturbation *** 43%of the materials are dynamically unstable,we discovered 16 compounds close to thermodynamic stability and with t_(c) higher than 5 *** these results to train interpretable machine-learning models,leads us to predict a further 57(thermodynamically unstable)materials with superconducting transition temperatures above 5 K,reaching a maximum of 17.8 K for ***,the models give us an understanding of the mechanism of superconductivity in *** combination of traditional approaches with interpretable machine learning turns out to be a very efficient methodology to study and systematize whole classes of materials and is easily extendable to other families of compounds or physical properties.

关键词： properties theory perovskite