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Three-dimensional simulation of liquid injection,film formation and transport,in fluidized beds

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Particuology 2009年第5期7卷 337-346页

作者： Paul Zhao peter j. O'Rourke Dale Snider CPFD Software LLCAlbuquerqueNM 87111USA CFD d'OR Software and Consulting LLCLos AlamosNM 87544USA

Liquid injection, and film formation and transport in dense-phase gas-solids fluidized beds are numerically simulated in three dimensions using a collisional exchange model that is based on the mechanism that collisions cause transfer of liquid mass, momentum, and energy between particles. In the model, each of the particles is represented by a solid core and a liquid film surrounding the core. The model is incorporated in the framework of the commercial code Barracuda developed by CPFD Software. The commercial software is an advanced CFD-based computational tool where the particles are treated as discrete entities, calculated by the mP-PIC method, and tracked using the Lagrangian method. Details of the collisional liquid transfer model have been previously presented in O＇Rourke, Zhao, and Snider （2009）; this paper presents new capabilities and proof-testing of the collision model and a new method to better quantify the penetration length. Example calculations of a fluidized bed without liquid injection show the expected effect of collisions on the reduction of granular temperature （fluctuational kinetic energy） of the bed. When applied to liquid injection into a dense-phase fluidized bed under different conditions, the model predicts liquid penetration lengths comparable to the experiments. In addition, the simulation reveals for the first time the dynamic mixing of the liquid droplets with the bed particles and the transient distribution of the droplets inside the bed.

关键词： mP-PIC Liquid injection Fluidized bed Particle collisions CPFD jet penetration

Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal j.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George jimsheleishvili Patricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander j.P.Goldschmidt Damien D.Pearse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi james D.Guest miller School of medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

Dietary Lectin exclusion: The next big food trend?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第24期25卷 2973-2976页

作者： Kirpal Panacer peter j Whorwell University of manchester medical Student Stopford BuildingUniversity of ManchesterManchester M13 9PGUnited Kingdom Neurogastroenterology Unit Wythenshawe HospitalManchester M23 9LTUnited Kingdom

Until recently,with the exception of coeliac disease,gastroenterologists have not been particularly interested in the role of diet in the management of gastrointestinal ***,patients have always felt that diet must play a part in their symptoms and,in the absence of any medical interest,have turned to alternative dietary practitioners for help,which can often have no evidence ***,with the advent of the FODmAP diet(fermentable oligosaccharides,disaccharides,monosaccharides,and polyols)and the realisation that diet can have a profound effect on the microbiome,medical opinion is now ***,research on the various diets that are now available is often completely *** are carbohydrate binding proteins which are widely distributed in nature and are found in a whole variety of commonly consumed *** seems likely that the exclusion of lectins from the diet could become the next“food fashion”for alternative practitioners to promote,especially as there is some evidence to suggest that certain lectins may be harmful to *** is,therefore,the purpose of this viewpoint to try and stimulate research on the dietary effects of lectins,which is currently minimal,so that we can pre-empt a situation where we are unable to give patients or the public evidence based advice on this topic.

关键词： Dietary lectins Exclusion diets Gastrointestinal system Harm Carbohydrate

The generation and evolution of the Archean continental crust:The granitoid story in southeastern Brazil

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 144-164页

作者： Rodrigo S.marimon Chris j.Hawkesworth Elton L.Dantas Rudolph A.j.Trouw wilson Teixeira peter C.Hackspacher Allen Fetter Ciro A.Ávila Silvia Volante Atlas V.Corrêa Neto Everton m.Bongiolo Rodrigo Vinagre maurício Simon Depto.de Geologia IGEOUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroUFRJRio de JaneiroRJBrazil School of Earth Sciences University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Instituto de Geociências Universidade de BrasíliaUnBBrasíliaDFBrazil Instituto de Geociências Universidade de São PauloUSPSão PauloSPBrazil Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual PaulistaRio ClaroSPBrazil Institute of Geology Mineralogy and GeophysicsRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801 BochumGermany ISOTOPIA Lab School of EarthAtmosphere and EnvironmentMonash UniversityWellington RdClaytonVIC 3800Australia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências IGUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUFRGSPorto AlegreRSBrazil

The Archean Eon was a time of geodynamic *** evidence of these transitions come from igneous/metaigneous rocks,which dominate cratonic segments *** data for granitoids from an Archean basement inlier related to the Southern S?o Francisco Craton(SSFC),are integrated with geochronological,isotopic and geochemical data on Archean granitoids from the *** rocks are divided into three main geochemical groups with different ages:(1)TTG(3.02–2.77 Ga);(2)mediumto high-K granitoids(2.85–2.72 Ga);and(3)A-type granites(2.7–2.6 Ga).The juvenile to chondritic(Hf-Nd isotopes)TTG were divided into two sub-groups,TTG 1(low-HREE)and 2(high-HREE),derived from partial melting of metamafic rocks similar to those from adjacent greenstone *** compositional diversity within the TTG is attributed to different pressures during partial melting,supported by a positive correlation of Dy/Yb and Sr/Zr,and batch melting *** proposed TTG sources are geochemically similar to basaltic rocks from modern island-arcs,indicating the presence of subduction processes concomitant with TTG ***~2.85 Ga to 2.70 Ga,the dominant rocks were K-rich *** are modeled as crustal melts of TTG,during regional metamorphism indicative of crustal *** compositional diversity is linked to:(i)differences in source composition;(ii)distinct melt fractions during partial melting;and(iii)different residual mineralogies reflecting varying P–T ***-collisional(~2.7–2.6 Ga)A-type granites reflect rifting in that they were closely followed by extension-related dyke swarms,and they are interpreted as differentiation or partial melting products of magmas derived from subduction-modified *** sequence of granitoid emplacement indicates subduction-related magmatism was followed by crustal thickening,regional metamorphism and crustal melting,and post-collisional extension,similar to that seen in younger wilson *** is compelling evide

关键词： Granitoid petrogenesis Archean geodynamics Crustal evolution TTGs A-types Batch melting calculations

Thermoelastic damping in mEmS gyroscopes at high frequencies

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第1期9卷 137-148页

作者： Daniel Schiwietz Eva m.Weig peter Degenfeld-Schonburg Robert Bosch GmbH Corporate Research71272RenningenGermany Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology(mCQST) 80799MunichGermany TUm Center for Quantum Engineering(ZQE) 85748GarchingGermany

microelectromechanical systems(mEmS)gyroscopes are widely used,e.g.,in modern automotive and consumer applications,and require signal stability and accuracy in rather harsh environmental *** many use cases,device reliability must be guaranteed under large external loads at high *** sensitivity of the sensor to such external loads depends strongly on the damping,or rather quality factor,of the high-frequency mechanical modes of the *** this paper,we investigate the influence of thermoelastic damping on several high-frequency modes by comparing finite element simulations with measurements of the quality factor in an application-relevant temperature *** measure the quality factors over different temperatures in vacuum,to extract the relevant thermoelastic material parameters of the polycrystalline mEmS *** simulation results show a good agreement with the measured quantities,therefore proving the applicability of our method for predictive purposes in the mEmS design ***,we are able to uniquely identify the thermoelastic effects and show their significance for the damping of the high-frequency modes of an industrial mEmS *** approach is generic and therefore easily applicable to any mechanical structure with many possible applications in nano-and micromechanical systems.

关键词： uniquely generic quantities

HOTSPOTS OF NUTRIENT LOSSES TO AIR AND WATER:AN INTEGRATED mODELING APPROACH FOR EUROPEAN RIVER BASINS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 579-592页

作者： Aslihan URAL-jANSSEN Carolien KROEZE jan peter LESSCHEN Erik mEERS peter j.T.m.VANPUIjENBROEK maryna STROKAL Water Systems and Global Change Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Wageningen Environmental Research PO Box 476700AA Wageningenthe Netherlands. Laboratory of Bioresource Recovery(RE-soURCE LAB) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000 GhentBelgium. PBL The Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyPO Box 303142500GH The Haguethe Netherlands.

Nutrient pollution of air and water is a persistent problem in ***,the pollution sources are often analyzed separately,preventingthe formulation of integrative *** study aimed to quantify the contribution of agriculture to air,river and coastal water pollution by nutrients.A new mARINA-Nutrients model was developed for Europe to calculate inputs of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to land and rivers,N emissions to air,and nutrient export to seas by river *** current practice,inputs of N and P to land were 34.4 and 1.8 ***^(-1),***,only 12%of N and 3%of P reached the *** was responsible for 55%of N and sewage for 67%of P in *** N emissions to air from agriculture were calculated at 4.0 ***^(-1).Almost twofifths of N emissions to air were from animal housing and *** a third of the basin area was considered as pollution hotspots and generated over half of N emissions to air and nutrient pollution in *** 25%of river export of N ended up in the Atlantic Ocean and of P in the mediterranean *** results could support environmental policies to reduce both air and water pollution simultaneously,and avoid pollution swapping.

关键词： agriculture air-water modeling European rivers nutrient pollution sewage systems source attribution

metallacycles,metallacages,and their aggregate/optical behavior

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2021年第5期2卷 1-21页

作者： Yan Sun peter j.Stang Department of Chemistry University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA

Since the first metallacycle was prepared by Verkade in 1983,various metallacycles and metallacages with controllable nanoscale shapes and sizes have been created by modular design and synthesis,showing unique properties that enable applications in catalysis,sensors,and *** from their photophysical properties to their antitumor activities and catalysis was found to be influenced by their ***,it is necessary and helpful to develop a systematic understanding of the relationships among the micro/nanostructures,the resultant photophysical/chemical properties,and the corresponding *** this review,we summarized the latest progress in this area in approximately the past 5 years.

关键词： aggregation coordination-driven assembly emission

Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass in the tropical woodlands of Ghana, West Africa

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 539-561页

作者： Raymond Aabeyir Stephen Adu-Bredu wilson Agyei Agyare michael j.C.Weir Department of Environment and Resource Studies UDS-Wa CampusWaGhana WASCAL Graduate Research Programme on Climate Change and Land Use KNUSTKumasiGhana Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Division CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of GhanaKumasiGhana Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering KNUSTKumasiGhana Department of Natural Resources Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation(ITC)University of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands

Background: modelling aboveground biomass(AGB) in forest and woodland ecosystems is critical for accurate estimation of carbon stocks. However, scarcity of allometric models for predicting AGB remains an issue that has not been adequately addressed in Africa. In particular, locally developed models for estimating AGB in the tropical woodlands of Ghana have received little attention. In the absence of locally developed allometric models, Ghana will continue to use Tier 1 biomass data through the application of pantropic models. Without local allometric models it is not certain how Ghana would achieve Tier 2 and 3 levels under the United Nations programme for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The objective of this study is to develop a mixedspecies allometric model for use in estimating AGB for the tropical woodlands in Ghana. Destructive sampling was carried out on 745 trees(as part of charcoal production) for the development of allometric equations. Diameter at breast height(dbh, i.e. 1.3 m above ground level), total tree height(H) and wood density(ρ) were used as predictors for the models. Seven models were compared and the best model selected based on model efficiency,bias(%) and corrected Akaike Information Criterion. The best model was validated by comparing its results with those of the pantropic model developed by Chave et al.(Glob Chang Biol 20:3177–3190, 2014) using equivalence test and conventional paired ***: The results revealed that the best model for estimating AGB in the tropical woodlands is AGB =0.0580ρ((dbh)2 H)0.999. The equivalence test showed that this model and the pantropic model developed by Chave et al.(Glob Chang Biol 20:3177–3190, 2014) were equivalent within ±10% of their mean predictions(p-values mean(181.44 ± 18.25 kg) of the model predictions of the best model of this s

关键词： Charcoal Diameter at breast height Tree height Wood density Savannah woodland