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Decomposing the drivers of residential space cooling energy consumption in EU-28 countries using a panel data approach

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2020年第4期1卷 432-442页

作者： Andreas Andreou John Barrett peter g.taylor Paul E.Brockway Zia Wadud Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Low Carbon Energy Research group School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Spatial Modelling and Dynamics Research group Institute for Transport StudiesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

While space cooling currently represents less than 1%of final energy use in the residential sector of the Euro-pean Union(EU-28),it was the fastest growing end-use during the 2000-15 period with a mean annual growth rate of 6%per ***,little is known about factors which have driven regional air-conditioning(AC)energy consumption over time,since the literature is limited to cross-sectional studies that lack differentiation between climatic and non-climatic *** projections for the EU’s electricity sector may therefore neglect the potential implications of rapidly growing AC *** develop a novel decomposition framework,which breaks down residential space cooling energy consumption in EU-28 countries into the effect of different components from 2000 to *** is extended to panel data models identifying specific drivers of space cooling’s climate-sensitive ***,we explore scenarios of residential AC energy consumption up to 2050 and evaluate their impact on summer time peak *** diffusion was found to be the key driver of space cooling energy consumption,but this effect was partly counterbalanced by efficiency *** weather influences AC equipment ownership rate in EU-28 households,personal income has a larger marginal *** baseline scenarios,AC diffusion saturates by 2050,while modestly increasing sectoral final energy ***,our range of scenario values for space cooling energy consumption in 2050 exceed the majority of those originat-ing from recently published *** a future renewables-driven electricity system,energy security risks may emerge from a scenario of fast AC up-take in new and renovated buildings,especially for colder European countries where modelled peak cooling electricity demand is shown to outgrow the projected expansion of solar *** findings have important implications for the EU’s strategy to decarbonise energy supply.

关键词： Space cooling AC diffusion Decomposition analysis Panel data model Peak demand

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： peter J.taylor Aluwani NENgOVHELA Christiane DENYS graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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Synthesis of Silsesquioxane Cages from Phenyl-cis-tetrol, 1,3-Divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane and Cyclopentyl Resins

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 433-436页

作者： Alan R. Bassindale peter g. taylor Department of Chemistry Open UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UKWalton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK

The synthesis of T_8, T_ 10 and T_ 12 silsesquioxane cages from a range of starting materials: phenyl-cis-tetrol, 1,3-divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane and cyclopentyl T resins by using tetra n-butylammonium fluoride(TBAF) as the catalyst is described in this paper. The reaction yields obtained viathe current route are better compared to those viathe literature routes. Some of the cage compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

关键词： Synthesis Silsesquioxane cage Phenyl-cis-tetrol 1,3-Divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane Cyclopentyl T resin

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Relationship between thyroid hormones and metabolic syndrome in a normal thyroid function population in Western China:a cross-sectional study based on both epidemiological and genetic analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第3期135卷 350-352页

作者： Shengru Liang Jing Cai Yang Yang Lei Zhang peter taylor Jie Ming Xinwen Yu Ruofan Hu Jie Zhou Colin M.Da-Yan Qiuhe Ji Department of Endocrinology Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710032China College of Basic Medicine Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi 712046China The 986th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Xi'anShaanxi 710054China School of Medicine Cardiff UniversityHeath ParkCardiff CF144XNUK

To the Editor:Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is defined as a set of metabolic disorders including abdominal obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and dyslipidemia.[1]As thyroid hormones are essential for cellular energy homeostasis and regulation,the levels of serum thyroid hormones are considered to be associated with various metabolic *** the past decade,the association between thyroid hormones and MetS has been extensively studied in euthyroid subjects,leading to inconsistent *** studies suggested that a high level of thyrotropin(TSH)contributed to the increased incidence of MetS or unfavorable metabolic parameters,whereas other studies found no such ***,some researches have shown that free thyroxin(FT4)levels were inversely proportional to various unfavorable metabolic parameters or MetS,while other studies suggested that FT4 levels have no such association or even a positive association with some unfavorable metabolic components after *** conflicting results may result from different designs,settings,race,exclusion criteria,adjustments,statistical analyses,and definitions of MetS and population iodine *** on these,our study aimed to evaluate the association and causal relationship between thyroid hormones and MetS in people with normal thyroid function through standard epidemiological and Mendelian randomization analysis.

关键词： homeostasis function sectional

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Mechanism synthesis

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丛书名： The molecular world

2002年

作者： edited by peter taylor.

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Chemical Kinetics and Mechanism

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丛书名： The Molecular World

2002年

作者： M Mortimer P g.taylor

ISBN: (数字)9781847557803

ISBN: (纸本)9780854046706

Chemical Kinetics and Mechanism considers the role of rate of reaction. It begins by introducing chemical kinetics and the analysis of reaction mechanism, from basic well-established concepts to leading edge research. Organic reaction mechanisms are then discussed, encompassing curly arrows, nucleophilic substitution and E1 and E2 elimination reactions. The book concludes with a Case Study on Zeolites, which examines their structure and internal dimensions in relation to their behaviour as molecular sieves and catalysts. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the "Kinetics Toolkit", a graph-plotting application designed for manipulation and analysis of kinetic data, which is built into many of the examples, questions and exercises in the text. There are also interactive activities illustrating reaction mechanisms. The Molecular World series provides an integrated introduction to all branches of chemistry for both students wishing to specialise and those wishing to gain a broad understanding of chemistry and its relevance to the everyday world and to other areas of science. The books, with their Case Studies and accompanying multi-media interactive CD-ROMs, will also provide valuable resource material for teachers and lecturers. (The CD-ROMs are designed for use on a PC running Windows 95, 98, ME or 2000.)

关键词： Chemical kinetics.

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Understanding and managing sanitary risks due to rodent zoonoses in an African city: beyond the Boston Model

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 38-50页

作者： peter J.taylor Lorraine ARNTZEN Mel HAYTER Malcolm ILES John FREAN Steven BELMAIN Durban Natural Science Museum eThekwini Libraries and Heritage DepartmentDurbanSouth Africa National Institute for Communicable Diseases National Health Laboratory ServiceSandringhamSouth Africa City Health:Communicable Diseases eThekwini MunicipalityDurbanSouth Africa Natural Resources Institute Chatham MaritimeKentUK

The Boston Model describes a successful rodent management plan that succeeded in a first-world city in the *** third-world cities, which often contain informal shack settlements, it is debatable whether the Boston Modelwould apply. In Durban, a major harbor city of three million people on the east coast of South Africa, we investigatedthe sanitary risks due to rodents in both formal (residential and commercial) and informal (shacks) sectors,and we evaluated the relative merits of different management interventions suggested by the Boston Model. Bloodand tissue samples of six species (Rattus norvegicus, R. tanezumi, R. rattus, Mus musculus, Mastomys natalensis,Tatera brantsi) from 262 live-trapped rodents from 54 localities were tested for antibodies or DNA for plague (n =193: antibody test), leptospirosis (n = 221 for antibody test;n = 69 for polymerase chain reaction test for DNA) andtoxoplasmosis (n = 217: antibody test). We conducted a socioeconomic survey of 90 household to determine environmentaland socioeconomic disease risk factors in the shack settlement of Cato Crest . No rodents wereseropositive for plague, but nine Norway rats, R. norvegicus (4.1% of the sample tested) were seropositive fortoxoplasmosis, and 22 R. norvegicus (10.0% of sample tested) were seropositive for leptospirosis. Disease endemicareas were concentrated in Cato Crest and the commercial district of Durban. Serology tests of humans living inCato Crest (n = 219) showed 0% exposure to plague, 23% to leptospirosis and 35% to toxoplasmosis. Comparedwith shack-dwellers, the residents of brick houses had slightly lower levels of exposure to leptospirosis andtoxoplasmosis. Based on our results, environmental hygiene and rodent-trapping campaigns were launched in CatoCrest. The initiative owes much of its current success to implementation of the principles inherent in the BostonModel, even though certain elements were lacking.

关键词： Durban leptospirosis plague rodent zoonoses toxoplasmosis.

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Measurement and Interpretation of Connectivity of Chinese Cities in World City Network,2010

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Chinese geographical Science 2013年第3期23卷 261-273页

作者： Ben DERUDDER peter J taylor Michael HOYLER NI Pengfei LIU Xingjian ZHAO Miaoxi SHEN Wei Frank WITLOX Department of geography Ghent University School of the Built and Natural Environment Northumbria University Department of geography Loughborough University Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Department of geography University of Cambridge South China University of Technology ESSCA School of Management

This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.

关键词：城市网络中国城市测量世界连接服务企业服务公司信息收集

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Using potential distributions to explore environmental correlates of bat species richness in southern Africa： Effects of model selection and taxonomy

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 279-293页

作者： M. Corrie SCHOEMAN F. P. D. (Woody) COTTERILL peter J. taylor Ara MONADJEM School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa Africa Earth Observatory Network (AEON) Geoecodynamics Research Hub c/o Department of Botany and Zoology University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa Department of Ecology and Resource Management School of Environmental Sciences University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa All Out Africa Research Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni Swaziland Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Private Bag 20 Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa

We tested the prediction that at coarse spatial scales, variables associated with climate, energy, and productivity hypotheses should be better predictor(s) of bat species richness than those associated with environmental heterogeneity. Distribution ranges of 64 bat species were estimated with niche-based models informed by 3629 verified museum specimens. The influence of environmental correlates on bat richness was assessed using ordinary least squares regression (OLS), simultaneous autoregressive models (SAR), conditional autoregressive models (CAR), spatial eigenvector-based filtering models (SEVM), and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). To test the assumption of stationarity, geographically Weighted Regression (gWR) was used. Bat species richness was highest in the eastern parts of southern Africa, particularly in central Zimbabwe and along the western border of Mozambique. We found support for the predictions of both the habitat heterogeneity and climate/productivity/energy hypotheses, and as we expected, support varied among bat families and model selection. Richness patterns and predictors of Miniopteridae and Pteropodidae clearly differed from those of other bat families. Altitude range was the only independent variable that was significant in all models and it was most often the best predictor of bat richness. Standard coefficients of SAR and CAR models were similar to those of OLS models, while those of SEVM models differed. Although gWR indicated that the assumption of stationarity was violated, the CART analysis corroborated the findings of the curve-fitting models. Our results identify where additional data on current species ranges, and future conservation action and ecological work are needed.

关键词：分类与回归树物种丰富度模型选择环境因子南部非洲蝙蝠电位分布自回归模型

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Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第1期1卷 81-99页

作者： William M.Twardek Ian g.Cowx Nicolas W.R.Lapointe Craig Paukert T.Douglas Beard Elena M.Bennett David Browne Andrew K.Carlson Keith D.Clarke Zeb Hogan Kai Lorenzen Abigail J.Lynch peter B.McIntyre Paulo Pompeu Mark Rogers Alexis Sakas William W.taylor taylor D.Ward Zeenatul Basher Steven J.Cooke Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental StudiesCarleton University1125 Colonel By DrOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Fisheries Institute at the University of Hull Cottingham RdHullHU67RXUnited Kingdom Canadian Wildlife Federation 350 Michael Cowpland DrKanataONK2M 2W1Canada U.S.geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211United States U.S.geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center12201 Sunrise Valley DriveMS-516RestonVA20192United States Mcgill School of Environment McGill University845 Sherbrooke St WMontrealQuebec H3A 0G4Canada Princeton Environmental Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityM30 Guyot HallPrincetonNJ08544United States Ecological Sciences Section Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans CanadaCanadaPO Box/CP 5667St.John'sNewfoundland and LabradorA1C 5X1Canada University of Nevada Reno.4505 S Maryland PkwyLas VegasNV89154United States Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of Florida7922 NW 71st StreetGainesvilleFL32653United States Department of Natural Resources Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853United States Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de LavrasAquenta SolLavrasState of Minas Gerais37200-900Brazil U.S.geological Survey Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research UnitTennessee tech UniversityCookevilleTN38505United States The Nature Conservancy 6375 Riverside DriveSuite 100DublinOH43017United States Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and WildlifeEast LansingMI48823United States

Hydropower production is one of the greatest threats to fluvial ecosystems and freshwater *** that we have entered the Anthropocene,there is an opportunity to reflect on what might constitute a‘sustainable’Anthropocene in the context of hydropower and riverine fish *** elements of existing practices that promote favorable social-ecological outcomes(i.e.,‘bright spots’)is timely given that there are plans to expand hydropower capacity in previously undammed rivers,intensify dam development in some of the world's largest river systems,and re-license existing *** approach this from a pragmatic perspective:for the foreseeable future,hydropower will likely remain an important source of renewable *** offer support for moving toward a more‘sustainable’Anthropocene,we provide syntheses of best practices during the siting,design,construction,operation,and compensation phases of hydropower development to minimize impacts on inland *** each phase,we offer positive examples(or what might be considered‘bright spots’)pertaining to some of the approaches described within our syntheses,acknowledging that these projects may not be viewed as without ecological and(or)societal detriment by all *** findings underscore the importance of protecting critical habitat and free-flowing river reaches through careful site selection and basinscale planning,infrastructure designs that minimize reservoir effects and facilitate safe passage of fish,construction of hydropower plants using best practices that minimize long-term damage,operating guidelines that mimic natural flow conditions,and compensation that is lasting,effective,inclusive,and locally *** from these‘bright spots’may require engagement of diverse stakeholders,professionals,and governments at scales that extend well beyond a given site,river,or even ***,environmental planning that integrates hydropower development into broader discussions

关键词： Migration Dams Salmon Hydroelectric Flow Socioecological Fish passage Barriers Ecosystems

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