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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim peter A.Zoss Terry L.Powley Hyowon Lee Matthew P.ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the VN.To better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication technologies.Among several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel structures.Previous microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µm.The thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve itself.In this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a rat.We demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAP)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve fibers.Moreover,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

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对英国住宅区域几种新型雨水收集利用系统的初步可持续性评估(英文)

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2014年第2期30卷 135-142页

作者： peter Melville-Shreeve Sarah ward David Butler Centre for Water Systems University of Exeter

由于缺乏对住宅雨水收集利用(RWH)系统类型的创新,在英国日常生活中的雨水收集利用还不是很广泛.介绍了一系列传统和新型的住宅RWH系统的初步研究结果,并对这些RWH系统进行了研究,研究方法包括:专利申请搜索、对行业专家的非正式访问、... 详细信息

由于缺乏对住宅雨水收集利用(RWH)系统类型的创新,在英国日常生活中的雨水收集利用还不是很广泛.介绍了一系列传统和新型的住宅RWH系统的初步研究结果,并对这些RWH系统进行了研究,研究方法包括:专利申请搜索、对行业专家的非正式访问、成本效益分析和简单的多准则分析法(MCA).然后基于社会优先、经济优先和环境优先的标准,研究了这些系统的可持续性.其中,对2种新型的RWH系统进行了更为详细的分析,并与传统的RWH系统进行对比.多准则分析法结果表明,创新型系统在更少的资金消耗下,可持续性绩效要高于传统系统.进一步的研究重点在于模拟这些被鉴定的系统来产生经验性数据库,并应用于WLC/LACs,寻找设备安装中可能出现的挑战和问题.

关键词：创新多准则分析法雨水收集利用住宅区可持续性节水效率

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How should immunomodulators be optimized when used as combination therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in the management of inflammatory bowel disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11331-11342页

作者： Mark G ward peter M Irving Miles P Sparrow Department of Gastroenterology The Alfred Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

In the last 15 years the management of inflammatory bowel disease has evolved greatly,largely through the increased use of immunomodulators and,especially,anti-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF) biologic agents. Within this time period,confidence in the use of anti-TNFs has increased,whilst,especially in recent years,the efficacy and safety of thiopurines has been questioned. Yet despite recent concerns regarding the risk: benefit profile of thiopurines,combination therapy with an immunomodulator and an anti-TNF has emerged as the recommended treatment strategy for the majority of patients with moderate-severe disease,especially those who are recently diagnosed. Concurrently,therapeutic drug monitoring has emerged as a means of optimizing the dosage of both immunomodulators and antiTNFs. However the recommended therapeutic target levels for both drug classes were largely derived from studies of monotherapy with either agent,or studies underpowered to analyze outcomes in combination therapy patients. It has been assumed that these target levels are applicable to patients on combination therapy also,however there are few data to support this. Similarly,the timing and duration of treatment with immunomodulators when used in combination therapy remains unknown. Recent attention,including post hoc analyses of the pivotal registration trials,has focused on the optimization of anti-TNF agents,when used as either monotherapy or combination therapy. This review will instead focus on how best to optimize immunomodulators when used in combination therapy,including an evaluation of recent data addressing unanswered questions regarding the optimal timing,dosage and duration of immunomodulator therapy in combination therapy patients.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Thiopurines Drug monito

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Epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular fractures across 12-mo at a level-1 trauma centre

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第8期13卷 744-752页

作者： Rory Cuthbert Samuel Walters David Ferguson Edward Karam Jonathan ward Homa Arshad Paul Culpan peter Bates Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Royal London HospitalBarts HealthLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Despite motor-vehicle safety advancements and increasingly rigorous workplace safety regulations,trauma/suicide remains the leading cause of death under the age of 45 in the United Kingdom.To promote centralisation of care and optimisation of major trauma outcomes,in 2012 the National Health Service introduced the Trauma Network System.To our knowledge,this is the first study to analyse the epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular trauma over a one-year period at a level-1 trauma centre in the United Kingdom,since nationwide introduction of the Trauma Network System.AIM To characterize the epidemiology of high-energy pelvic and acetabular fractures over a one-year period at a level-1 trauma centre,and explore both resources required to care for these patients and opportunities for future research and injury prevention initiatives.METHODS 227 consecutive patients at a level-1 trauma centre with pelvic and acetabular fractures were analysed between December 2017-December 2018.Paediatric patients(<18 years)and fragility fractures were excluded,leaving 175 patients for inclusion in the study.Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.RESULTS 72%of pelvic and acetabular fractures occurred in male patients at a median age of 45 years.15%were the result of a suicide attempt.48%of patients required pelvic or acetabular surgery,with 38%undergoing further surgery for additional orthopaedic injuries.43%of patients were admitted to intensive care.The median inpatient stay was 13 days,and the 30-day mortality was 5%.Pelvic ring trauma was more commonly associated with abdominal injury(P=0.01)and spine fractures(P<0.001)than acetabular fractures.Vertical shear pelvic ring fractures were associated with falls(P=0.03)while lateral compression fractures were associated with road traffic accidents(P=0.01).CONCLUSION High energy pelvic and acetabular fractures are associated with concomitant orthopaedic fractures(most commonly spine and lower limb),intensive care admission and pro

关键词： Pelvis Acetabulum Orthopedics Multiple trauma Trauma centers

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Cardboard Eco-Bundle as an Alternative for Collation Shrink Film

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 94-108页

作者： Jannes Roman Gilles Verschueren ward Nica peter Slaets Marc Juwet Department of Mechanical Engineering KU Leuven Campus Gent Belgium Department of Mechanical Engineering KU Leuven Campus Leuven Belgium

Due to increasing pressure on brand owners and distributors to avoid single use plastics such as plastic bundle packaging, a new bundle packaging that consists of corrugated board only, has been designed. Obviously this new packaging should equally enable transportability. This study compares the transportability of bundles using corrugated board on the one hand and bundles using plastic collation shrink film on the other. In particular, the resistance to varying horizontal inertial forces is compared experimentally. All tested bundle packagings of corrugated board perform well above expectations and significantly better than shrink film packaging. All additional requirements regarding marketing, durability, consumer convenience, …are met.

关键词： Transportability Collation Shrink Film Corrugated Board Packaging Horizontal Inertial Forces Fast Moving Consumer Goods Transportability

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Archean of Greenland and Fennoscandia

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 13-19页

作者： Pentti Hoelttae Victor Balagansky Adam A. Garde Satu Mertanen Petri Peltonen Alexander Slabunov peter Sorjonen-ward Martin Whitehouse Geological Survey of Finland P.O. Box 96 FI-02151 Espoo Finland. Geological Institute Kola Science Centre RAS Apatity 184209 Russia. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Фster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 Copenhagen K Denmark. Institute of Geology Karelian Research Centre RAS Petrozavodsk 185910 Russia. Geological Survey of Finland P.O. Box 1237 FI-70211 Kuopio Finland. Laboratory for Isotope Geology Swedish Museum of Natural History Box 50 007 SE-104 05 Stockholm Sweden.

The North Atlantic craton in southern West Greenland mainly consists of a tectonic collage of Mesoarchean continental crustal terranes, which were amalgamated at c. 2.7 Ga and are currently exposed at mid-crustal amphibolite to granulite facies levels. Tonalitic orthogneisses predominate, intercalated with slightly older tholeiitic to andesitic metavolcanic rocks and associated gabbro-anorthosite intrusive complexes. The North Atlantic craton also contains enclaves of Eoarchean, c. 3.86-3.6 Ga orthogneisses and supra-crustal rocks including the Isua greenstone (or supracrustal) belt. This is the oldest known assemblage of rocks deposited at the surface of the Earth, comprising mafic pillow lavas, banded iron formations and metasedimentary schists with local disseminated graphite of possible biogenic origin. Eoarchean rocks have not been found in Kola and Karelia in Fennoscandia where most rocks are 2.9-2.7 Ga tonalitic-trond-hjemitic-granodioritic orthogneisses with intercalated coeval greenstone belts and amphibolites. Mesoarchean 3.0-3.2 Ga rocks are found in the eastern and western parts of the Karelian province. Subduction-related rocks like the Iringora supra-subduction type ophiolite and basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite series volcanic rocks in many greenstone belts, as well as eclogites are found in the Archean of Fennoscandia. A clear distinction between Greenland and Fennoscandia is the abundance of 2.75-2.65 Ga igneous rocks in Fennoscandia which indicates that these two cratons had a separate evolution during the Neoarchean.

关键词：太古代地球科学格陵兰岛芬诺斯坎底亚

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Phosphoinositide-3 kinaseαmediates negative inotropy of angiotensin Ⅱ on mouse heart

Phosphoinositide-3 kinaseαmediates negative inotropy of ang...

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2008北京国际生理科学学术大会

作者： PATEl Mikin M ward Michael.E BACKX peter.H Department of Physiology H&S/Richard Lewar CenterUniversity of TorontoKing's College CircleTorontoOntarioCanadaM5S 1A8 Division of Critical Care ST.Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoCanada

The effect of angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ),an important regulator of cardiovascular system,on cardiac contractility is not clear.In Langendorff mouse hearts,perfused at constant pressure,AngⅡ(3 nmol/L)transiently decreased(P0.05,n=5)in hearts from mice lacking PI3Kγ.AngⅡ-induced negative inotropy was not affected(P=0.103,n=4)in hearts from mice with genetic deletion of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47, suggesting a NADPH oxidase-independent pathway.Neither p38 MAP kinase inhibition with 1μmol/L SB-202190 (IC=50 nmol/L for p38αand 100 nmol/L for p38β)nor epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)inhibition with 1μmol/L AG 1478(IC=3 nmol/L)affected(P>0.05,n=5)AngⅡ-induced negative inotropy in hearts.The results suggest that AngⅡhas both coronary artery-dependent and-independent

关键词： angiotensinⅡ phosphoinositide-3 kinases cardiac contraction

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照片中的人与宇宙 2020格林尼治天文台摄影大赛

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科学世界 2021年第4期 98-109页

作者： [法国]Nicolas Lefaudeux(摄影) [美国]Alan Friedman(摄影) [德国]Stefan Liebermann(摄影) [法国]Alain Paillou(摄影) [澳大利亚]Peter Ward(摄影) [美国]Connor Matherne(摄影) [德国]Thomas Kast(摄影) 竹原谅贵徐煜华(翻译) 不详

英国格林尼治皇家天文台主办的天文摄影大赛已迎来第12个年头。本届大赛从全世界收到了超过5000件作品。让我们和天文摄影师藤井旭先生一同欣赏这些获奖作品,从中领略遥远的星云、美丽的星空以及临近天体的震撼景象。

关键词：格林尼治摄影大赛天文台摄影师获奖作品

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Protective effect of ketogenic diet on neuropathology and behavior after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury using CHIMERA in juvenile mice

Protective effect of ketogenic diet on neuropathology and be...

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第十四届中国医师协会神经外科医师年会

作者： Yichao Jin Jie Liu ward *** Tom Whyte Cheryl L.Wellington peter A.Cripton Wolfram Tetzlaff ICORD International Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesUniversity of British Columbia

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury(rmTBI) can cause neuropathological and behavioral changes. Ketogenic diet(KD) has been shown to improve neuropathology and behavior in an age-dependent manner after moderate-severe TBI by cortical impact. However, the effect of KD on rmT BI has not been elucidated. In this study, we used a closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration(CHIMERA) to investigate effect of KD on neuropathological and behavioral consequences of rmTBI. Juvenile mice were given 3 sham or rmTBI with CHIMERA 24 h apart and offered standard diet(SD) or KD starting after the 1 injury. Behavioral outcomes were assessed by Rotarod test, Y-maze, Barnes maze, righting reflex and neurological severity scale(NSS). Neuropathology was evaluated with immunostaining and Western blotting of amyloid precursor protein(APP), ionizing calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1(Iba-1), nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3). rmTBI resulted in increase of righting time, impaired motor function and spatial memory performance at 4, 7 and 10 days after 1 injury, but had no effect on Y-maze and NSS. KD improved motor performance and spatial memory performance at 7 and 10 days after 1 injury. rmTBI resulted in APP accumulation, inflammasome formation and microglial activation as revealed by histology at 4 to 10 days after 1 injury. These parameters were down-regulated in mice consuming KD at 4 days after 1 injury and similar trends were still observed at 7 and 10 days. In conclusion, KD has therapeutic benefits for rmTBI, possibly via decrease of axonal injury and modulation of inflammatory response.

关键词： mild traumatic brain injury ketogenic diet axonal injury neuroinflammation behavior outcome

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电影电视画面镜头的语法

电影电视画面镜头的语法

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2004年

作者：（英）彼得·沃德（Peter Ward）范钟离黄志敏译

本书中心内容介绍了画面构成的差异与惯例。书中讨论了画面构成所涉及的各个方面，包括感知、透视、画面和长宽比例、视觉设计、光、色彩、场景布局、摄影机运动、背景、画面合成等。

关键词：电影摄影艺术学科:摄影构图电视摄影摄影构图

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