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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2013年第3期3卷 89-99页

作者： Winston JT Tan peter r thorne Srdjan M Vlajkovic Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain research Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland 1142New Zealand Department of Physiology Centre for Brain Research and Section of Audiology Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland 1142New Zealand

Hearing loss is the most common sensory disability with considerable social and economic implications. According to recent World Health Organization estimates,360 million people worldwide suffer from moderate to profound hearing loss. Exposure to excessive noise is one of the major causes of sensorineural hearing loss,secondary only to age-related hearing loss(presbyacusis). Since cochlear tissues have limited abilities of repair and regeneration, this damage can be irreversible, leading to cochlear dysfunction and permanent hearing loss. recent studies have shown that cochlear inflammation can be induced by noise exposure and contribute to the overall pathogenesis of cochlear injury and hearing loss. The cochlea is separated from the systemic circulation by the blood-labyrinth barrier,which is physiologically similar to the blood-brain barrier of the central nervous system. Because of this feature, the cochlea was originally considered an immunologically privileged organ. However, this postulate has been challenged by the evidence of an inflammatory response in the cochlea in the presence of bacterial or viral pathogens or antigens that can cause labyrinthitis. Although the main purpose of the inflammatory reaction is to protect against invading pathogens, the inflammatory response can also cause significant bystander injury to the delicate structures of the cochlea. The cochlear inflammatory response is characterised by the generation of proinflammatory mediators(cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules), and the recruitment of inflammatory cells(leukocytes). Here, we present an overview of the current research on cochlear inflammation, with particular emphasis on noise-induced cochlear inflammation. We also discuss treatment strategies aimed at the suppression of inflammation, which may potentially lead to mitigation of hearing loss.

关键词： Cochlea Inflammation Noise Hearing loss Otoprotection

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Adenosine amine congener ameliorates cisplatin-induced hearing loss

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2013年第3期3卷 100-107页

作者： Niliksha Gunewardene Cindy X Guo Ann CY Wong peter r thorne Srdjan M Vlajkovic Department of Physiology the University of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand Department of Otolaryngology the University of Melbourne Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Translational Neuroscience Facility School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Department of Physiology Section of Audiology and Centre for Brain ResearchFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences the University of AucklandAuckland 1010 New Zealand

AIM: To investigate a novel pharmacological intervention to mitigate cisplatin ototoxicity using a selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist adenosine amine congener(ADAC).METHODS: Male Wistar rats(8-10 wk) were exposed to a two-cycle cisplatin treatment similar to clinical course of cancer chemotherapy. Each cycle comprised 4 d of intraperitoneal cisplatin injections(1 mg/kg twice daily) separated by 10 d of rest. ADAC(100 μg/kg) or drug vehicle solution(control) was administered intraperitoneally for 5 d at 24 h intervals during the second cisplatin cycle(regime 1), or upon completion of the cisplatin treatment(regime 2). Hearing thresholds were measured using auditory brainstem responses(ABr) before cisplatin administration(baseline) and 7 d after the end of cisplatin treatment. Histological analysis of cochlear tissues included hair cell counting and qualitative assessment of apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d UTP nick end labelling(TUNEL) ***: ABr threshold shifts in cisplatin-treated Wistar rats ranged from 5-29 d B across the frequency range used in the study(4-24 k Hz). Higher frequencies(16-24 k Hz) were mostly affected by cisplatin ototoxicity(mean threshold shift 25-29 d B). ADAC treatment during the second cisplatin cycle reduced cisplatininduced threshold shifts by 12-16 d B(P r frequencies compared to control vehicle-treated rats. However, the treatment was ineffective if ADAC administration was delayed until after the completion of the cisplatin regime. Functional recovery was supported by increased survival of hair cells in the cochlea. Qualitative analysis using TUNEL staining demonstrated reduced apoptosis of the outer hair cells and marginal cells in the stria vascularis in animals treated with ADAC during the second cisplatin ***: A1 adenosine receptor agonist ADAC mitigates cisplatin-induced cochlear injury and hearing loss, however its potential interference with antineoplast

关键词： Cisplatin Cochlea Ototoxicity Hearing loss Adenosine receptors Adenosine amine congener Otoprotection

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Macroscopic Traversable Wormholes: Minimum requirements

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 230-243页

作者： peter K. F. Kuhfittig Department of Mathematics Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee USA

While wormholes are just as good a prediction of Einstein’s theory as black holes, they are subject to severe restrictions from quantum field theory. To allow for the possibility of interstellar travel, a macroscopic wormhole would need to maintain sufficiently low radial tidal forces. It is proposed in this paper that the assumption of zero tidal forces, i.e., the limiting case, is sufficient for overcoming the restrictions from quantum field theory. The feasibility of this approach is subsequently discussed by 1) introducing the additional conditions needed to ensure that the radial tidal forces can indeed be sufficiently low and 2) by viewing traversable wormholes as emergent phenomena, thereby increasing the likelihood of their existence.

关键词： Morris-thorne Wormholes Traversability Minimum requirements Stability Compatibility with Quantum Field Theory

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Thin-Shell Wormholes Admitting Conformal Motions in Spacetimes of Embedding Class One

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 162-171页

作者： peter K. F. Kuhfittig Department of Mathematics Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee USA

This paper discusses the feasibility of thin-shell wormholes in spacetimes of embedding class one admitting a one-parameter group of conformal motions. It is shown that the surface energy density σis positive, while the surface pressure is negative, resulting in , thereby signaling a violation of the null energy condition, a necessary condition for holding a wormhole open. For a Morris-thorne wormhole, matter that violates the null energy condition is referred to as “exotic”. For the thin-shell wormholes in this paper, however, the violation has a physical explanation since it is a direct consequence of the embedding theory in conjunction with the assumption of conformal symmetry. These properties avoid the need to hypothesize the existence of the highly problematical exotic matter.

关键词： Thin-Shell Wormholes Conformal Symmetry Embedding Class One Exotic Matter

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Competition for land resources:driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 333-347页

作者： Wuletaw Mekuria Kindu Mekonnen peter thorne Melkamu Bezabih Lulseged Tamene Wuletawu Abera Centre for rural Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock research Institute(ILrI) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 5689 Addis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:Ethiopia has made efforts to tackle the challenges of low crop and livestock productivity and degradation of land resources through various rural development ***,increasing demands for food,animal feed,fuel,and income-generating activities are putting pressure on the *** this paper,we describe the production pressure and competition between crop and livestock production,quantify rates of land-use/cover(LULC)changes,and examine driving forces and consequences of land ***:The study was conducted in Gudo Beret watershed,North Shewa Zone of Amhara region,*** used a combination of methods including remote sensing,household interviews,field observations,focus group discussions,and key informant *** and unsupervised image classification methods were employed to map LULC classes for 31 years(1984–2016).results:The results of satellite remote sensing revealed that 51%of the land in the study area was subject to accelerated land *** household survey results indicated that feed resources and grain production pressures were 1.43 and 1.34 t ha^(−1) *** observed annual changes in plantation and settlement areas were 2.6%and 2.9%.This was mainly at the expense of bushland and grazing land *** increased(0.4%year^(−1))while grazing land reduced(3.5%year^(−1))under contrasting dynamics and competitive *** increase in human and livestock populations and farm expansion were major drivers of land conversion that adversely affected household livelihoods and the natural *** consequences of these pressures resulted in a lack of animal feed,low crop-livestock productivity,and a reduction in natural vegetation ***:We suggest that sustainable land resource management,more integrated crop-livestock production,and the use of productivity-enhancing technologies could play a role in managing competition for land resources.

关键词： Cropland Land pressure Livestock Population growth Production dynamics

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Systematic review of animal models of middle ear surgery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2013年第3期3卷 71-88页

作者： Michael Bergin Srdjan Vlajkovic Philip Bird peter thorne Department of Physiology Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland 1142New Zealand Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain research Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Christchurch Hospital Christchurch School of MedicineUniversity of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand Section of Audiology Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Animal models of middle ear surgery help us to explore disease processes and intervention outcomes in a manner not possible in patients. This review begins with an overview of animal models of middle ear surgery which outlines the advantages and limitations of such models. Procedures of interest include myringoplasty/tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy, ossiculoplasty, stapedectomy, and active middle ear implants. The most important issue is how well the model reflects the human response to surgery. Primates are most similar to humans with respect to anatomy; however, such studies are uncommon now due to expense and ethical issues. Conversely, small animals are easily obtained and housed, but experimental findings may not accurately represent what happens in humans. We then present a systematic review of animal models of middle ear surgery. Particular attention is paid to any distinctive anatomical features of the middle ear, the method of accessing the middle ear and the chosen outcomes. These outcomes are classified as either physiological in live animals,(e.g., behavioural or electrophysiological responses), or anatomical in cadaveric animals,(e.g., light or electron microscopy). Evoked physiological measures are limited by the disruption of the evoking air-conducted sound across the manipulated middle ear. The eleven identified species suitable as animal models are mouse, rat, gerbil, chinchilla, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, pig and primate. Advantages and disadvantages of each species as a middle ear surgical model are outlined, and a suggested framework to aid in choosing a particular model is presented.

关键词： Otologic surgical procedures Middle ear Animal models Electrophysiology Microscopy

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网络安全和亚洲企业

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信息网络安全 2004年第2期 62-63页

作者： peter thorne Avaya全球服务部网络咨询服务

2002年,60%的亚洲公司报告了信息安全遭到破坏的事件。今年上半年,黑客攻击事件发生率猛增至77%。因此,2003年亚洲公司报告情况好转的可能性微乎其微。本文研究了亚洲企业面临的日益猖獗的网络安全威胁问题,并探讨了管理人员应采取哪些... 详细信息

2002年,60%的亚洲公司报告了信息安全遭到破坏的事件。今年上半年,黑客攻击事件发生率猛增至77%。因此,2003年亚洲公司报告情况好转的可能性微乎其微。本文研究了亚洲企业面临的日益猖獗的网络安全威胁问题,并探讨了管理人员应采取哪些举措,保护组织的信息网络免遭破坏。

关键词：网络安全亚洲企业安全评估安全策略开发安全体系架构

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网络安全和亚洲企业

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现代电信科技 2004年第1期34卷 61-61,45页

作者： peter thorne Avaya全球服务部网络咨询服务亚太区

对网络的依赖性增强,安全的重要性提高2002年,60%的亚洲公司报告了信息安全遭到破坏的事件.2003年上半年,黑客攻击事件的发生率更是上升到77%,2003年亚洲公司报告情况好转的可能性微乎其微.

关键词：网络安全亚洲企业信息安全安全评估项目

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网络安全和亚洲企业

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信息安全与通信保密 2004年第2期26卷 64-65页

作者： peter thorne Avaya全球服务部网络咨询服务亚太区

2002年,60%的亚洲公司报告了信息安全遭到破坏的事件.2003年上半年,黑客攻击事件发生率猛增至77%,因此,2003年亚洲公司报告情况好转的可能性微乎其微.

关键词：网络安全亚洲企业计算机病毒黑客安全措施

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测量悬浮液中细粒沉积物原地浓度的新仪器

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地质科技通报 1987年第4期 42-134页

作者： peter D.thorne ,熊文俊

为了精确测量原地细粒或粘性悬浮沉积物的质量浓度,曾采用很多方法.在衰减和背散射两方面,光电浊度计常用干测量0—20g/l范围的质量浓度.但由于粒间遮蔽和凝聚作用的出现,在该范围之上,测量结果很不准确.为了检测较稠密的悬浮液,还曾用... 详细信息

为了精确测量原地细粒或粘性悬浮沉积物的质量浓度,曾采用很多方法.在衰减和背散射两方面,光电浊度计常用干测量0—20g/l范围的质量浓度.但由于粒间遮蔽和凝聚作用的出现,在该范围之上,测量结果很不准确.为了检测较稠密的悬浮液,还曾用过该密度计.在 1000—2000g/l范围内精度为± 2%.因此,除非悬液中固体浓度较高,否则,体积密度测量的不准确性就会导致悬液中细粒沉积物浓度的估算误差.如果要精确计算平均浓度低于200g/l的密度,核密度计系统的密度分辨率是不够的.声背散射的应用只在细砂中作过研究.因此,当前在精确测量浓度为20—200g/l间的悬浮细粒沉积物方面存在着仪器空白.要用光学浊度计和核密度计填补它是困难的.

关键词：悬浮液体积密度密度计密度计量器具原地细粒

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