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Case study approach to modeling historical disinfection by-product exposure in Iowa drinking waters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 183-190页

作者： Stuart W.Krasner Kenneth p.Cantor peter J.Weyer Mariana Hildesheim Gary Amy Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Water Quality La Verne CA 91750 USA National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination(CHEEC) University of Iowa Coralville IA 52242 USA Medical Research Solutions LLC Montgomery Village MD 20886 USA College of Engineering Computing and Applied SciencesClemson University Clemson SC 29631 USA

In the 1980 s, a case–control epidemiologic study was conducted in Iowa（USA） to analyze the association between exposure to disinfection by-products（DBps） and bladder cancer risk. Trihalomethanes（THMs）, the most commonly measured and dominant class of DBps in drinking water, served as a primary metric and surrogate for the full DBp *** THM exposure was calculated, based on rough estimates of past levels in Iowa. To reduce misclassification, a follow-up study was undertaken to improve estimates of past THM levels and to re-evaluate their association with cancer risk. In addition, the risk associated with haloacetic acids, another class of DBps, was examined. In the original analysis, surface water treatment plants were assigned one of two possible THM levels depending on the point of chlorination. The re-assessment considered each utility treating surface or groundwater on a case-by-case basis. Multiple treatment/disinfection scenarios and water quality parameters were considered with actual DBp measurements to develop estimates of past levels. The highest annual average THM level in the re-analysis was156 μg/L compared to 74 μg/L for the original analysis. This allowed the analysis of subjects exposed at higher levels（〉 96 μg/L）. The re-analysis established a new approach, based on case studies and an understanding of the water quality and operational parameters that impact DBp formation, for determining historical exposure.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Trihalomethanes Haloacetic acids Exposure assessment Epidemiology Bladder cancer

Clinical comparative analysis of the outcomes with a yellow- and a violet-tinted intraocular lens

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第1期9卷 166-169页

作者： peter Mojzis Zdenek Bombera Sarka Vesela Daniela Klapuchova peter Ziak David p.pinero premium Clinic Teplice 41501 Czech Republic Eye Department of Regional Hospital in Havlickuv Brod Havlickuv Brod 58001 Czech Republic Eye Clinic of Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin 03601Czech Republic Department of Optics Pharmacology and AnatomyUniversity of Alicante San Vicente del Raspeig 03690Alicante Spain

Dear Sir,I am Dr. peter Mojzis from premium Clinic in Teplice （Czech Republic）. I write to present the results of a comparative study of clinical outcomes obtained with two different types of tinted intraocular lenses （IOLs）, yellow-vs violet-tinted IOLs. IOLs containing a yellow chromophore that filters simultaneously ultra violet （UV） and blue light were developed several years ago in the attempt of avoiding that blue and violet visible light reached the retina in the pseudophakic eye.

关键词： IOL and a violet-tinted intraocular lens Clinical comparative analysis of the outcomes with a yellow

A Relocation-based Initialization Scheme to Improve Track-forecasting of Tropical Cyclones

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第1期31卷 27-36页

作者： GAO Feng peter p. CHILDS Xiang-Yu HUANG Neil A. JACOBS Jinzhong MIN Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology National Center for Atmospheric Research panasonic Avionics Corporation Morrisville Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of the Ministry of Education

A relocation procedure to initialize tropical cyclones was developed to improve the representation of the initial conditions and the track forecast for panasonic Weather Solutions Tropical Operational Forecasts. This scheme separates the vortex perturbation and environment field from the first guess, then relocates the initial vortex perturbations to Lhe observed position by merging them with the environment field. The relationships of wind vector components with stream function and velocity potential are used for separating the vortex disturbance from first guess. For the separation of scalars, a low-pass Barnes filter is employed. The irregular-shaped relocation area corresponding to the specific initial conditions is determined by mapping the edge of the vortex radius in 36 ***, the non-vortex perturbations in the relocation area are removed by a two-pass Barnes filter to retain the vortex perturbations, while the variable fields outside the perimeter of the modified vortex are kept *** to the original first guess. The potential impacts of this scheme on track forecasts were examined for three hurricane cases in the 2011-12 hurricane season. The experimental results demonstrate that the initialization scheme is able to effectively separate the vortex field from the environment field and maintain a relatively balanced and accurate relocated first guess. As the initial track error is reduced, the following track forecasts are considerably improved. The 72-h average track forecast error was redu,~ed by 32.6% for the cold-start cases, and by 38.4% when using the full-cycling data assimilation because of the accumulatedL improvements from the initialization scheme.

关键词： tropical cyclone vortex relocation data assimilation Barnes filtering

Investigation of the performance of a pilot-scale barrel atmospheric plasma system for plasma activation of polymer particles

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Nanotechnology and precision Engineering 2019年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： Hisham M.Abourayana peter J.Dobbyn pat Whyte Denis p.Dowling Surface Engineering Group School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College Dublin Irish Micro Mouldings Inverin Co.

This study reports the development and performance of a pilot-scale barrel atmospheric plasma reactor for the atmospheric plasma activation treatment of polymer particles. The polymer particles treated included acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) and polypropylene(pp). These particles had diameters in the range of 3–5 mm. The initial studies were carried out using a laboratory-scale barrel reactor designed to treat polymer particle batch sizes of 20 g. A pilot-scale reactor that could treat 500 g particle batch sizes was then developed to facilitate pre-industrial-scale treatments. The effect of operating pulse density modulation(pDM) in the range 10%–100% and plasma treatment time on the level of activation of the treated polymers were then investigated. ABS revealed a larger decrease in water contact angle compared with pp after plasma treatment under the same conditions. The optimal treatment time of ABS(400 g of polymer particles) in the pilot-scale reactor was 15 min. The plasma-activated polymer particles were used to fabricate dog-bone polymer parts through injection *** testing of the resulting dog-bone polymer parts revealed a 10.5% increase in tensile strength compared with those fabricated using non-activated polymer particles.

关键词： Atmospheric pressure plasma Barrel plasma reactor polymer particles Water contact angle X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Injection moulding

Cellular signaling in sinecatechins-treated external genital and perianal warts: unraveling the mechanism of action of a botanical therapy

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第3期30卷 214-217页

作者： Harrison p Nguyen Hung Q Doan peter Rady Stephen K Tyring Department of Dermatology Baylor College of Medicine Department of Dermatology University of Texas Houston Health Science Center Center for Clinical Studies

Dear Editor,Derived from green tea leaves,sinecatechins(Veregen)ointment,15%is a topical therapy that is FDA-approved to treat human papillomavirus(HpV)-induced external genital and perianal warts(EGW)in immunocompetent patients aged 18 years and *** two phase 3 trials enrolling over 1,000 participants with EGW,a 16-week treatment regimen with sinecatechins ointment resulted in higher rates of complete clearance of all warts—both

关键词： genital papillomavirus clearance older regimen approved signaling transcriptase salient biopsy

SLp-2: a potential new target for improving mitochondrial function in parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1435-1436页

作者： Alessandra Zanon Andrew A.Hicks peter p.pramstaller Irene pichler Institute for Biomedicine Eurac Research Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck

parkinson＇s disease （pD） is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is generally considered a multifactorial disorder that arises owing to a combination of genes and environmental factors. While most cases are idiopathic, in about 10% of the patients a genetic cause can be detected, ascribable to mutations in more than a dozen genes. pD is characterized clinically by tremor, rigidity, reduced mo- tor activity （bradykinesia）, and postural instability and pathological- ly by loss of dopaminergic （DA） neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, loss of DA innervation in the striatum, and the presence of a-synuclein positive aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies. The symptomatic treatment of pD with levodopa, which aims at replac- ing dopamine, remains the gold standard, and no neuroprotective or disease-modifying therapy is available. During treatment, the disease continues to progress, and long-term use of levodopa has import- ant limitations including motor complications termed dyskinesias. Therefore, a pharmacological therapy able to prevent or halt the neu- rodegenerative process is urgently required.

关键词： SLp-2 a potential new target for improving mitochondrial function in parkinson’s disease

Association between Exposure to Metals during pregnancy,Childhood Gut Microbiome,and Risk of Intestinal Inflammation in Late Childhood

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Environment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： Vishal Midya Manasi Agrawal Jamil M.Lane Chris Gennings Leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga Joseph Eggers Jill K.Gregory Mellissa picker Inga peter Jeremiah J.Faith Manish Arora Martha M.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colombel Shoshannah Eggers Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Molecular prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(pREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut microbiome and exposure to metals during pregnancy have been suggested to impact inflammatory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to metals eventually results in long-term effects on the gut microbiome,leading to subclinical intestinal inflammation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactive effect drives a specific subgroup of children toward elevated susceptibility to intestinal *** used an amalgamation of machine-learning techniques with a regression-based framework to explore if children with distinct sets of gut microbes and certain patterns of exposure to metals during pregnancy(metal−microbial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflammation,measured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained samples from a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from Mexico City(n=108),*** the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,11 metals were measured in whole *** microbial abundances and FC were measured in stool samples from children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as having FC above 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom microbial and metal−microbial clique signatures were associated with elevated FC(false discovery rate(FDR)particular,we found two metal−microbial clique signatures significantly associated with elevated FC:(1)low cesium(Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trimester and low relative abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum(OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDRploratory study demonstrates that children with specific gut microbes and specific exposure patterns to metals during pregnancy may have higher fecal calprotectin levels in late childhood,denoting an elevated risk of intestinal inflammation.

关键词： exposome metals machine learning microbiome environmental epidemiology intestinal inflammation

A comparison of fish tissue mercury concentrations from homogenized fillet and nonlethal biopsy plugs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 137-145页

作者： Alexis Knight Satyendra p.Bhavsar Brian A.Branfireun peter Drouin Ram prashad Steve petro Moustapha Oke Department of Biology and Centre for Environment and Sustainability Western University Ontario Ministry of the Environment Conservation and Parks

The use of biopsy plugs to sample fish muscle tissue for mercury analyses is a viable alternative to lethal sampling; however, the practice has yet to be widely implemented in routine monitoring due to concerns about variability of mercury concentrations in fish muscle tissues. Here we examine distribution of mercury in fillets of four fish species(Walleye, Northern pike, Smallmouth Bass and Lake Trout), suitability of left/right side of fillet for biopsy sampling, and appropriateness of re-using a biopsy punch. The results showed that average mercury concentrations in left and right fillets of fish are *** concentrations in biopsy plug samples, taken from the anterior dorsal area of the fish fillet, were statistically equivalent to the mercury concentrations in homogenized fillets. There was no discernible cross contamination between samples when a biopsy punch was reused after washing in hot soapy water, and as such, biopsy punches can be recycled during sampling to reduce the sampling cost. If a tissue mass collected from a specific site on the fillet is insufficient, then we suggest sampling corresponding locations on the other fillet rather than sampling two adjacent sites on one fillet to obtain more tissue. The results presented here can improve the accuracy of fillet biopsy plug sampling,minimize fish mortality for mercury monitoring, and reduce labor and material costs in monitoring programs.

关键词： Hg or mercury Fish advisory Nonlethal Monitoring Muscle tissue Biopsy punch plug

Effect of atomic structure on preferential oxidation of alloys:amorphous versus crystalline Cu-Zr

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第5期40卷 128-134页

作者： Yifei Xu Lars p.H.Jeurgens peter Schützendübe Shengli Zhu Yuan Huang Yongchang Liu Zumin Wang State Key Lab of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Laboratory for Joining Technologies and CorrosionUeberlandstrasse 1298600 DuebendorfSwitzerland Max planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstrasse 3D-70569 StuttgartGermany

The effect of structural order in the parent alloy substrate on the oxidation kinetics and oxide phase evolution was investigated for the thermal oxidation of amorphous Cu33at.%Zr67at.%and crystalline CuZr2 alloys of identical compositions in the temperature range of 200–250?*** was found that,besides the strong preferential oxidation of Zr in both alloys,the lack of structural order in the amorphous Cu33at.%Zr67at.%alloy results in much slower oxidation kinetics,as well as in distinctly different microstructures of the oxide overgrowth and its Zr-depletion zone in the wake of the ZrO2 overlayer growth *** experimental findings can be rationalized on the basis of the strikingly different atomic mobilities of Cu,Zr and dissolved O in the amorphous and crystalline alloys,which also results in different nucleation barriers for crystalline oxide *** thus obtained knowledge on the underlying oxidation mechanisms provides new and profound insights into the surface engineering of metallic alloys.

关键词： Oxidation Atomic structure Amorphous alloys Cu-Zr HRTEM