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Mortality of therapeutic fish Garra rufa caused by Aeromonas sobria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第2期2卷 85-87页

作者： Juraj Majtán Jaroslav erny Alena Ofúkaná peter Taká Milan Kozánek Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 984 506 Bratislava Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineSlovak Medical UniversityLimbova 1 283 303Bratislava

Objective:To investigate a case of mass mortality of Garra rufa(***)from a fish hatchery farm in ***:Causative bacterial agent was swabbing out of affected fish skin area and subsequently identified using commercial test *** susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion ***:Infected *** was characterized by abnormal swimming behaviour,bleeding of skin lesions and local *** of using recommended aquatic antibiotic treatment no improvement was achieved and Aeromonas sobria{***)was identified as a causative agent of fish *** to massive fish mortality,antibiotic susceptibility of pure isolated culture of *** was evaluated employing eight antibiotics against human *** was resistant only against one antibiotic,namely ***:These results indicate that *** can act as a primary pathogen of *** and may be a potential risk factor for immunodeficient or immunoincompetent patients during the ichthyotherapy.

关键词： Garra rufa lehthyotherapy Aeromonas sobria Antibiotic treatment Antibiotic susceptibility

Factors Associated with First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failure amongst HIV-Infected African Patients: A Case-Control Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第4期2卷 271-278页

作者： Charles M. Kwobah Ann W. mwangi Julius K. Koech Gilbert n. Simiyu Abraham M. Siika Department of Behavioral Sciences College of Health Sciences Moi University School of Medicine Eldoret Kenya Department of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University School of Medicine Eldoret Kenya USAID-AMPATH Partnership Biostatistics Eldoret Kenya USAID-AMPATH Moi University Clinical Research Centre Eldoret Kenya

Background: Since 2001, anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been provided to over 75,000 HIV-infected patients at the USAID-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership in western Kenya. Over 1000 of these patients have switched to second-line ART. We therefore set out to determine factors associated with first-line ART failure amongst these patients. Methods: This case controlled study matched patients (in the ratio 1:2) from the electronic AMPATH Medical Record System on the basis of age, gender, and ART initiation date. Cases were adults (≥18 years) who initiated second-line ART between January 1, 2007 and July 31, 2011 after at least one viral load measurement >5000 copies/ml or satisfying the WHO immunological or clinical failure criteria. Controls were those on non-failing first-line ART with a CD4 count > 400 /ml within the last 12 months, at the time of case incidence. Conditional logistic regression for paired data was used to assess association. We evaluated the strength of association of risk factors using stratified Cox model. Results: Of the 1084 cases and 2149 controls included in the analysis, 62% were female. Median age was 36.5 years (IQR = 30.7 - 43.1);median baseline CD4 cell count was 161 /ml (IQR = 72 - 277);Median time to ART failure was 37 months (IQR = 24 - 47). Low baseline CD4 count ne based ART (H.R 1.76, 95% CI = 1.25 - 2.48) and imperfect ART adherence (H.R = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.20 - 3.49) were independently associated with treatment failure. Conclusion: In this setting, low baseline CD4 count, zidovudine-based ART and imperfect adherence are associated with first-line ART treatment failure.

关键词： HIV Treatment ART Failure

Terrestrial denitrification:challenges and opportunities

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 1-11页

作者： peter M Groffman Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies 2801 Sharon TurnpikeMillbrookNY 12545USA

Denitrification is a process of great environmental importance but is difficult to study in terrestrial *** for quantifying the process are problematic,variability in activity is high,and temporal and spatial scaling challenges are *** methods are problematic for a variety of reasons;they change substrate concentrations,disturb the physical setting of the process,lack sensitivity or are prohibitively costly in time and *** fundamentally,it is very difficult to quantify the dominant end-product(n_(2))of denitrification given its high background concentration in the *** and temporal variation in denitrification is high due to control of the process by multiple factors(oxygen,nitrate,carbon,pH,salinity,temperature etc.)that each vary in time and space.A particular challenge is that small areas(hotspots)and brief periods(hot moments)frequently account for a high percentage of n gas flux *** phenomena are challenging to account for in measurement,modeling and scaling *** need for scaling is driven by the fact that there is a need for information on this microscale process at the ecosystem,landscape and regional scales where there are concerns about nitrogen effects on soil fertility,water quality and air *** this review,I outline the key challenges involved with denitrification and then describe specific opportunities for making progress on these challenges including advances in measurement methods,new conceptual approaches for addressing hotspot and hot moment dynamics,and new remote sensing and geographic information system–based scaling *** of these opportunities suggests that we are poised to make great improvements in our understanding of terrestrial *** improvements will increase our basic science understanding of a complex biogeochemical process and our ability to manage widespread nitrogen pollution problems.

关键词： scaling process landscape

Influence of MBBR carrier geometrical properties and biofilm thickness restraint on biofilm properties,effluent particle size distribution,settling velocity distribution,and settling behaviour

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 138-149页

作者： Raheleh Arabgol peter A.Vanrolleghem Robert Delatolla Department of Civil Engineering University of Ottawa161 Louis PasteurK1N 6N5 ONCanada ModelEAU Département de génie civil et de génie des eauxUniversitéLaval1065 av.de la MédecineQuébecCanada

The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)outline the importance of developing a fundamental understanding of the characterization and settleability of MBBR-produced *** influence of carrier geometric properties and different levels of biofilm thickness on biofilm characteristics,solids production,particle size distribution(PSD),and particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD)is evaluated in this *** analytical Vi CAs method is applied to the MBBR effluent to assess the distribution of particle settling *** method is combined with microscopy imaging to relate particle size distribution to settling *** conventionally loaded MBBR systems are studied at a similar loading rate of 6.0 g/(m^(2)·day)and with different carrier *** AnoxK^(TM)K5 carrier,a commonly used carrier,is compared to so-called thickness-restraint carriers,AnoxK^(TM)Z-carriers that are newly designed carriers to limit the biofilm ***,two levels of biofilm thickness,200μm and 400μm,are studied using AnoxK^(TM)Z-200 and Z-400 *** analysis confirms that K5 carriers demonstrated a significantly different biofilm mass,thickness,and density,in addition to distinct trends in PSD and PSVD in comparison with ***,in comparison of thickness-restraint carriers,Z-200 carrier results did not vary significantly compared to the Z-400 *** K5 carriers showed the lowest production of suspended solids(0.7±0.3 gTSS/day),thickest biofilm(281.1±8.7μm)and lowest biofilm density(65.0±1.5 kg/m^(3)).The K5 effluent solids also showed enhanced settling behaviour,consisting of larger particles with faster settling velocities.

关键词： MBBR Particle size distribution(PSD) Particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD) Settling behaviour ViCAs z-carriers

Lay perceptions of breast cancer in Western Kenya

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第5期6卷 147-155页

作者： Violet naanyu Chite Fredrick Asirwa Juddy Wachira naftali Busakhala Job Kisuya Grieven Otieno Alfred Keter Anne mwangi Orango Elkanah Omenge Thomas Inui Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Department of Behavioral Sciences School of MedicineCollege of Health SciencesMoi University Department of Medicine School of MedicineIndiana University Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineCollege of Health SciencesMoi University Department of Reproductive Health School of MedicineCollege of Health SciencesMoi University Regenstrief Institute Inc.

AIM: To explore lay perceptions of causes, severity, presenting symptoms and treatment of breast cancer. METHODS: In October-november 2012, we recruited men and women(18 years and older) from households and health facilities in three different parts of Western Kenya, chosen for variations in their documented burdens of breast cancer. A standardized and validated tool,the breast cancer awareness measure(BCAM), was administered in face-to-face interviews. Survey domains covered included socio-demographics, opinions about causes, symptoms, severity, and treatment of breast cancer. Descriptive analyses were done on quantitative data while open-ended answers were coded, and emerging themes were integrated into larger categories in a qualitative analysis. The open-ended questions had been added to the standard BCAM for the purposes of learning as much as the investigators could about underlying lay beliefs and perceptions. RESULTS: Most respondents were female, middle-aged(mean age 36.9 years), married, and poorly educated. Misconceptions and lack of knowledge about causes of breast cancer were reported. The following(in order of higher to lower prevalence) were cited as potential causes of the condition: Genetic factors or heredity(n = 193, 12.3%); types of food consumed(n = 187, 11.9%); witchcraft and curses(n = 108, 6.9%); some family planning methods(n = 56, 3.6%); and use of alcohol and tobacco(n = 46, 2.9%). When asked what they thought of breast cancer's severity, the most popular response was "it is a killer disease"(n = 266, 19.7%) a lethal condition about which little or nothing can be done. While opinions about presenting symptoms and signs of breast cancer were able to be elicited, such as an increase in breast size and painful breasts, earlystage symptoms and signs were not widely recognized. Some respondents(14%) were ignorant of available treatment altogether while others felt breast cancer treatment is both dangerous and expensive. A minority reported alte

关键词： Breast cancer Health education Cancer control Lay health beliefs

Laguerre expansion on the Heisenberg group and Fourier-Bessel transform on C^n Dedicated to Professor Sheng GOnG on the occasion of his 75th birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1722-1739页

作者： CHAnG Der-Chen GRIEnER peter Department of Mathematics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057USA Department of Mathematics University of Toronto TorontoON M5S 3G3Canada

Given a principal value convolution on the Heisenberg group Hn = Cn × R, we study the relation between its Laguerre expansion and the Fourier-Bessel expansion of its limit on Cn. We also calculate the Dirichlet kerne... 详细信息

关键词： Heisenberg group, Fourier transform, Laguerre expansion, Bessel functions,Poisson sum, Dirichlet kernel.

Coincidence Wecken Property for nilmanifolds

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2019年第2期35卷 239-244页

作者： Daciberg GOn?ALVES peter WOnG Departamento de Matemática-IME-Universidade de S?o Paulo Rua do Mat?o Department of Mathematics Bates College

Let f, g: X → Y be maps from a compact infra-nilmanifold X to a compact nilmanifold Y with dim X ≥ dim Y. In this note, we show that a certain Wecken type property holds, i.e., if the nielsen number n(f, g) vanishes then f and g are deformable to be coincidence free. We also show that if X is a connected finite complex X and the Reidemeister coincidence number R(f, g) = ∞ then f ～ f' so that C(f', g) = {x ∈ X | f'(x) = g(x)} is empty.

关键词： nielsen coincidence theory nilmanifolds

Human thrombin for the treatment of gastric and ectopic varices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5912-5917页

作者： norma C McAvoy John n Plevris peter C Hayes Department of Hepatology University of EdinburghRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic ***:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral *** January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic *** details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were *** thrombin was obtained from the Scottish national Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection *** patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was *** haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin *** duration of follow up was also *** study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics ***:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per ***-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy ***-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy *** re-bleeding occurred in this ***:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices.

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Ectopic Varices Gastric varices, Portal hypertension Thrombin

The Encyclopedia of world history: ancient, medieval, and modern, chronologically arranged 6th ed. /

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