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Hardware Architecture of Polyphase Filter Banks Performing Embedded Resampling for Software-Defined Radio Front-Ends

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ZTE Communications 2012年第1期10卷 54-62,70页

作者： Mehmood Awan Yannick Le Moullec peter Koch Fred harris Technology Platforms Section Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering San Diego State University

In this paper, we describe resourceefficient hardware architectures for softwaredefined radio （SDR） frontends. These architectures are made efficient by using a polyphase channelizer that performs arbitrary sample rate changes, frequency selection, and bandwidth control. We discuss area, time, and power optimization for field programmable gate array （FPGA） based architectures in an Mpath polyphase filter bank with modified Npath polyphase filter. Such systems allow resampling by arbitrary ratios while simultaneously performing baseband aliasing from center frequencies at Nyquist zones that are not multiples of the output sample rate. A nonmaximally decimated polyphase filter bank, where the number of data loads is not equal to the number of M subfilters, processes M subfilters in a time period that is either less than or greater than the Mdataload ＇ s time period. We present a loadprocess architecture （LPA） and a runtime architecture （RA）（based on serial polyphase structure） which have different scheduling. In LPA, Nsubfilters are loaded, and then M subfilters are processed at a clock rate that is a multiple of the input data rate. This is necessary to meet the output time constraint of the down-sampled data. In RA, Msubfilters processes are efficiently scheduled within Ndataload time while simultaneously loading N subfilters. This requires reduced clock rates compared with LPA, and potentially less power is consumed. A polyphase filter bank that uses different resampling factors for maximally decimated, underdecimated, overdecimated, and combined upand downsampled scenarios is used as a case study, and an analysis of area, time, and power for their FPGA architectures is given. For resourceoptimized SDR frontends, RA is superior for reducing operating clock rates and dynamic power consumption. RA is also superior for reducing area resources, except when indices are prestored in LUTs.

关键词： SDR FPGA Digital Frontends Polyphase Filter Bank Embedded Resampling

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Polyphase Filter Banks for Embedded Sample Rate Changes in Digital Radio Front-Ends

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ZTE Communications 2011年第4期9卷 3-9页

作者： Mehmood Awan Yannick Le Moullec peter Koch Fred harris Technology Platforms Section Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering San Diego State UniversityCA USA

This paper presents efficient processing engines for software-defined radio （SDR） front-ends. These engines, based on a polyphase channelizer, perform arbitrary sample-rate changes, frequency selection, and bandwidth control. This paper presents an M-path polyphase filter bank based on a modified N-path polyphase filter. Such a system allows resampling by arbitrary ratios while performing baseband aliasing from center frequencies at Nyquist zones that are not multiples of the output sample rate. This resampling technique is based on sliding cyclic data load interacting with cyclic-shifted coefficients. A non-maximally-decimated polyphase filterbank （where the number of data loads is not equal to the number of M subfilters） processes M subfilters in a time period that is less than or greater than the M data loads. A polyphase filter bank with five different resampling modes is used as a case study for embedded resamp/ing in SDR front-ends. These modes are （i） maximally decimated, （ii） Under-decimated, （iii） over-decimated, and combined up- and down-sampling with （iv） single stride length, and （v） multiple stride lengths. These modes can be used to obtain any required rational sampling rate change in an SDR front-end based on a polyphase channelizer. They can also be used for translation to and from arbitrary center frequencies that are unrelated to the output sample rates.

关键词： SDR digital front-ends polyphase filter bank embedded resampling

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Biochemical and Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 73-92页

作者： HARUHIKO SUGIMURA AINSLEY WESTON NEIL E.CAPORASO peter G.SHIELDS ELISE D.BOWMAN ROBERT A.METCALF CURTIS C.harris Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Laboratory of Human CarcinogenesisEnvironmental Epidemiology Branch National Cancer Institute National Institutes of HealthLaboratory of Human CarcinogenesisLaboratory of Human CarcinogenesisLaboratory of Human CarcinogenesisLaboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Rockville Maryland 20892

Examples of practical approaches to molecular epidemiology of human cancer are described. Biomarkers of carcinogen exposure or inherited host factors for cancer susceptibility are discussed. Major advances have been made in the detection of carcinogen-macromolecular adducts through the use of high performance liquid chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, the 32P-postlabeling assay, enzyme immunoassays, gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and synchronous spectrophotofluorimetry. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- DNA adducts are the most extensively studied in this field and together with antibodies to these adducts found in human serum, they have become useful indicators of exposure to carcinogens. Assays for various kinds of alky 1-DNA adducts have also been developed and the presence of these adducts have been documented in human tissues. Carcinogen-protein adducts have proven to be useful molecular dosimeters of carcinogen exposure. For example, 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts are highly correlated with exposure to tobacco smoke. The study of the molecular aspects of interindividual differences in the metabolism and activation of xenobiotics and other genetic markers [DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), mutations, and functional loss of specific genes in carcinogenesis] is an emerging new field that is discussed in the context of genetic susceptibility to cancer. The cytochrome P450 phenotypes and acetylation phenotype are examples of genetic markers that indicate an individual's potential for metabolism of exogenous substances. Further, inherited genetic polymorphic markers, e.g., DNA-RFLPs at protooncogene loci (HRAS-1 and L-myc) have been examined in a case-control study of lung cancer. Data concerning mutations of protooncogenes (H-, K-, and N-RAS) and tumor suppressor genes (retinoblastoma and p53 genes) in various common cancers are providing evidence of multiple genetic lesions that occur during the multistage process of ca

关键词： gene DNA Biochemical and Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer

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Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis for Pegylated Recombinant Human Growth Hormone(PHA-794428) in male healthy volunteers

Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis for Pegy...

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中国药理学会临床药理学专业委员会会议暨第十次全国临床药理学学术会议

作者： Didier Eric harris Philip Milligan peter A Karlsson Mats O PGRD Sandwich UK Clinical Pharmacometrics Pfizer Global Research & Development(PGRD) SandwichUK Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Sweden

AIM:The purpose of this analysis was to construct approp- riate models to characterise population pharmacokinetics (PK)for PHA-794428 and PK/pharmacodynamics(PD) for the efficacy biomarker Insulin-like Growth factor-1 (IGF-1). METHODS:Fifty-six male healthy volunteers were en- rolled into a clinical *** received in a random- ised manner 3 subcutaneous injections over 3 periods:i) 3.6 mg recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH),ii) PHA-794428 0,3,10,30,60,100,300 or 500μg/kg, and iii)PHA-794428 0,10,or 30μg/*** PK and IGF-1 data were collected up to 336 h *** PK and PK/PD models were constructed in 3 stages:i)the PK model was developed,ii)the PK parameters were fixed during IGF-1 model building,iii)PK and IGF-1 da- ta were analysed simultaneously. RESULTS:PHA-794428 exhibited non-linearity with re- spect to dose.A one-compartment disposition model with parallel linear and non-linear elimination most appropriate- ly described the PHA-794428 serum concentrations versus time *** absorption of PHA-794428 was character- ised as a first-order process involving two absorption rate *** nonlinear elimination,characterised in terms of the maximal elimination capacity(V=91.5 μg/h for 70 kg)and Michaelis-Menten constant(K= 73.9μg/L)describing the concentration at which elimina- tion is at half *** non-linear elimination pathway is approximately 10 times higher than the linear route(0.129 L/h).PHA-794428 has a limited distribution in the blood (V=4.4 L),due to its large molecular *** IGF-1 concentrations versus time data were best described by an indirect response model with PEG-hGH stimulating IGF-1 production *** effect was appropriately char- acterised by a maximum effect(E)*** maxi- mal IGF-1 production rate could increase up to 8-fold across the dose range *** PHA-794428 concen- tration at half Emax(EC)is 56.5 ng/mL.A negative feedback loop was incorporated into the PK/IGF-1 model. The maximal inhibition(I)

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Biochemical and Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第Z1期 73-92页

作者： HARUHIKO SUGIMURA,AINSLEY WESTON,NEIL E.CAPORASO,peter G.SHIELDS,ELISE D.BOWMAN,ROBERT A.METCALF,CURTIS C.harris Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Environmental Epidemiology Branch National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Rockville Maryland 20892

关键词： gene DNA Biochemical and Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer

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乙二醇重组人生长激素(PHA-794428)的群体药代动力学/群体药效动力学在健康男性志愿者中的研究

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中国临床药理学与治疗学 2007年第10期12卷 1192-1193页

作者： XIE Ru-jia Didier Eric harris Philip Milligan peter A Karlsson Mats O Clinical Pharmacometrics Pfizer Global Research＆Development （PGRD） Sandwich UK PGRD Sandwich UK Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Sweden

AIM: The purpose of this analysis was to construct appropriate models to characterise population pharmacokinetics (PK) for PHA-794428 and PK/pharmacodynamics (PD) for the efficacy biomarker Insulin-like Growth factor-1 (IGF-1). METHODS: Fifty-six male healthy volunteers were enrolled into a clinical study. Subjects received in a randomised manner 3 subcutaneous injections over 3 periods: i) 3.6 mg recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), ii) PHA-794428 0, 3, 10, 30, 60, 100, 300 or 500 μg/kg, and iii) PHA-794428 0, 10, or 30 μg/kg. Both PK and IGF-1 data were collected up to 336 h post-dose. The PK and PK/PD models were constructed in 3 stages: i) the PK model was developed, ii) the PK parameters were fixed during IGF-1 model building, iii) PK and IGF-1 data were analysed simultaneously. RESULTS: PHA-794428 exhibited non-linearity with respect to dose. A one-compartment disposition model with parallel linear and non-linear elimination most appropriately described the PHA-794428 serum concentrations versus time data. The absorption of PHA-794428 was characterised as a first-order process involving two absorption rate constants. The nonlinear elimination, characterised in terms of the maximal elimination capacity (Vmax=91.5 μg/h for 70 kg) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km=73.9 μg/L) describing the concentration at which elimination is at half Vmax. The non-linear elimination pathway is approximately 10 times higher than the linear route (0.129 L/h). PHA-794428 has a limited distribution in the blood (V=4.4 L), due to its large molecular weight. Serum IGF-1 concentrations versus time data were best described by an indirect response model with PEG-hGH stimulating IGF-1 production rate. Drug effect was appropriately characterised by a maximum effect (Emax) model. The maximal IGF-1 production rate could increase up to 8-fold across the dose range studied. The PHA-794428 concentration at half Emax (EC50) is 56.5 ng/mL. A negative feedback loop was incorporated into the PK

关键词：乙二醇重组人生长激素群体药代动力学群体药效动力学男性健康受试者

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ROLE OF RESTING SYSTOLIC LOADING CONDITIONS IN DETERMINING LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTIONAL RESERVE IN CHRONIC AORTIC REGURGITATION

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1987年第7期100卷 527-534页

作者：沈卫峰龚兰生 peter J. Fletcher Gary S. Roubin Phillip J. harris David T. Kelly Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Second Medical University Shanghai Hallstrom Institute of Cardiology University of Sydney Sydney Australia

The relationship between systolic loading condi-tions at rest and left ventricular （LV） functional response to exercise was assessed in 31 patients with aortic regurgitation （AR） and 10 controls. The peak and end systolic wall stress determined from echocar-diography and cuff systolic pressure at rest were used as indirect measures of LV systolic loading, and compared with LV ejection fraction response to handgrip and bicycle exercise by radionuclide ven-trieulography. Both peak and end systolic wall stress were significantly higber in asymptomatic （164±33 and 90±25×10～3 dynes/cm2） and symptomatic （196±33 and 134±17×10～3 dynes/cm2） patients with AR than in the controls （125±22 and 61±14×10～3 dynes cm2, p<0.01）, and correlated in-versely with the changes in LV ejection fraction during handgrip （r=-0.63 and r=-0.73） and bicycle （r=0.68 and r=-0.87） *** patients with AR, resting systolic loading conditions appear to reflect LV functional reserve during exercise.

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A Large Therizinosauroid(Dinosauria:Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Northwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第4期81卷 539-549页

作者： LI Daqing PENG Cuo YOU Hailu Matthew C. LAMANNA Jerald D. harris Kenneth J. LACOVARA ZHANG Jianping China University of Geosciences School of Earth Sciences and Resources Beijing 100083 P. R. China Fossil Research and Development Center of the Third Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration Academy of Gansu Province Lanzhou Gansu Province 730050 P. R. China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 P. R. China Section of Vertebrate Paleontology Carnegie Museum of Natural History Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA Dixie State College Science Building Utah 84770 USA Paleontology and Geology Program Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

We herein describe an associated partial postcranial skeleton of a theropod dinosaur discovered in the Lower Cretaceous Xinminpu Group of the Yujingzi Basin, in the Jiuquan area of Gausu Province, northwestern China. Features of its humerus, such as strongly expanded proximal and distal ends, a well developed medial tuberosity, distal condyles expressed on the humeral cranial surface, and a hypertrophied entepicondyle, definitively establish the therizinosauroid affinities of the specimen. It differs from other therizinosauroids in having a shallow, poorly demarcated glenoid fossa with a prominent rounded and striated tumescence on the dorsomedial surface of its scapular portion, and a pubis with a strongly concave cranial margin. It represents a new taxon, Suzhousaurus megatherioides gen. et sp. nov. Cladistic analysis recovers Suzhousaurus as the sister taxon of Nothronychus mckinleyi from the mid-Cretaceous of western North America; together, they are basal members of the Therizinosauroidea, more derived than the Early Cretaceous Falcarius and Beipiaosaurus but less derived than Alxasaurus and the Therizinosauridae. Along with ＂Nanshiungosaurus＂ bohlini from possibly coeval beds in the Mazongshan area of northern-most Gansu, Suzhousaurus represents one of the largest-known Early Cretaceous therizinosauroids, demonstrating that this clade attained considerable body size early in its evolutionary history.

关键词： Dinosauria Theropoda Therizinosauroidea Yujingzi Basin Early Cretaceous Jiuquan area Gansu Province China

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Voxel Placement Precision for GABA-Edited Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第1期7卷 35-44页

作者： Xue Bai Ashley D.harris Tao Gong Nicolaas A.J.Puts Guangbin Wang Michael Schar peter B.Barker Richard A.E.Edden Department of Radiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina Russell H.Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA F.M.Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMDUSA Department of MR Shandong Medical Imaging Research InstituteShandong UniversityJinanChina

The purpose of the present study was to assess the reproducibility of voxel placement for GABA-edited MRS. GABA-edited MRS data were acquired in 13 healthy volunteers from (3 cm)3 voxel;and within the same session a second acquisition was independently prescribed. A three-dimensional voxel mask image was reconstructed in T1-image-space using the SVMask tool (in house software). Reproducibility of voxel placement was assessed using the Dice overlap coefficient, both within-subject and between-subject following co-registration of T1 images and transformation of voxel mask images to standard space. Within-subject overlap coefficients were 86% ± 5%. Between-subject overlap coefficients were 75% ± 10%. For the two voxel locations considered (occipital and sensorimotor), voxel overlap was very similar. Between-subject values are higher due to between-session effects, anatomical variability and volume mismatch in standard space. While surprisingly low in terms of volume overlap, the overlap coefficients correspond to acceptable linear displacements.

关键词： MRS Voxel Placement Precision Voxel Prescription Registration

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A novel preoperative inflammatory marker prognostic score in patients with localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第4期4卷 230-238页

作者： Rishi R.Sekar Dattatraya Patil Yoram Baum Jeffrey Pearl Anna Bausum Mehmet A.Bilen Omer Kucuk Wayne B.harris Bradley C.Carthon Mehrdad Alemozaffar Christopher P.Filson John G.Pattaras peter T.Nieh Kenneth Ogan Viraj A.Master Department of Urology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA The Atlanta VA Medical Center Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Objective:Several inflammatory markers have been studied as potential biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma(RCC),however few reports have analyzed their prognostic value in aggregate and in non-clear cell *** hypothesize that a combination of specific inflammatory markers into an RCC Inflammatory Score(RISK)could serve as a rigorous prognostic indicator of overall survival(OS)in patients with clear cell and non-clear cell ***:Combination of preoperative C-reactive protein(CRP),albumin,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),corrected calcium,and aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase(AST/ALT)ratio was used to develop *** was developed using grid-search methodology,receiver-operating-characteristic(ROC)analysis,and sensitivity-specificity trade-off *** value of RISK was analyzed using the KaplaneMeier method and Cox proportional regression *** accuracy was compared with RISK to Size,Size,Grade,and Necrosis(SSIGN)score,University of California-LOS Angeles(UCLA)Integrated Staging System(UISS),and Leibovich Prognosis Score(LPS).

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma Inflammation Prognosis Biomarker

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