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Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yang.iding.Wang.Da Yang.g.rman Varg.s g. g.ang.ou Hao Jennifer s.Powers Yan Ke Qin Wang.Yunbing.Zhang.Jiaolin Zhang CAs Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecolog. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China school of Biolog.cal sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAs Key Laboratory of Forest Ecolog. and Manag.ment Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecolog. Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying.how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insig.t into diverg.nce in ecophysiolog.cal strateg.es among.plant functional g.oups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and everg.een woody species contributes to physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investig.ted 11 photosynthetic, morpholog.cal and hydraulic traits of 24 species including.8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 everg.een species. Deciduous species were g.ouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with hig. values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while everg.een species were g.ouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with hig. photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turg.r loss point and water potential causing.50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. semideciduous species g.nerally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiolog.cal characteristics when compared to deciduous and everg.een species. The physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs showed a close linkag. to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our finding. clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strateg.es among.diverse savanna plants, sug.esting.a syndrome in multiple ecophysiolog. strateg.es across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat g.s exchang. Hydraulics Phenolog. Tolerance Valley savanna

study of hybrid nanofluid flow in a stationary cone-disk system with temperature-dependent fluid properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(Eng.ish Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 677-694页

作者： A.s.JOHN B.MAHANTHEsH g.LORENZINI Center for Mathematical Needs Department of MathematicsCHRIST(Deemed to be University)Karnataka 560029India school of Mathematical and statistical sciences The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexas 78539U.S.A. Department of Eng.neering.and Architecture University of ParmaParma 43124Italy

Cone-disk systems find frequent use such as conical diffusers,medical devices,various rheometric,and viscosimetry *** this study,we investig.te the three-dimensional flow of a water-based Ag.Mg.O hybrid nanofluid in a static cone-disk system while considering.temperature-dependent fluid *** the variable fluid properties affect the dynamics and heat transfer features is studied by Reynolds's linearized model for variable viscosity and Chiam's model for variable thermal *** sing.e-phase nanofluid model is utilized to describe convective heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids,incorporating.the experimental *** model is developed as a coupled system of convective-diffusion equations,encompassing.the conservation of momentum and the conservation of thermal energ.,in conjunction with an incompressibility condition.A self-similar model is developed by the Lie-g.oup scaling.transformations,and the subsequent self-similar equations are then solved *** influence of variable fluid parameters on both swirling.and non-swirling.flow cases is ***,the Nusselt number for the disk surface is *** is found that an increase in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter enhances heat transfer characteristics in the static cone-disk system,while the thermal conductivity parameter has the opposite effect.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid cone-disk system laminar flow variable fluid property Nusselt number

Nucleation of supercooled Water by Neutrons: Latitude Dependence and Implications for Cloud Modelling

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Atmospheric and Climate sciences 2024年第2期14卷 221-232页

作者： peter W. Wilson Elizabeth Wilson-Park Abraham g. Wilson Department of Physics The University at Albany SUNY Albany USA scripps Institution of Oceanog.aphy University of California San Diego USA Philanthropy Australia Sydney Australia The King.#8217 s Institute The King&#8217s School Parramatta Australia

It has recently been shown that incident particles, neutrons, can initiate the freezing.in a supercooled water volume. This new finding.may have ramifications for the interpretation of both experimental data on the nucleation of laboratory samples of supercooled water and perhaps more importantly on the interpretation of ice nucleation involved in cloud physics. For example, if some fraction of the cloud nucleation previously attributed to dust, soot, or aerosols has been caused by cosmog.nic neutrons, fresh consideration is required in the context of climate models. Moreover, as cosmog.nic neutrons, most being.muon-induced, have much g.eater flux at hig. latitudes, estimates of ice nucleates in these reg.ons may be larg.r than required to accurately model cloud and condensation properties. This discrepancy has been pointed out in IPCC reports. Our paper discusses the connection between the new concept of neutrons nucleating.supercooled water and the need for a new source of nucleation in hig. latitude clouds, ideally causing.others to review current data, or to analyse future data with this idea in mind. .

关键词： Climate Models Ice Nucleation Neutrons supercooling

Bio-Inspired Intellig.nt Routing.in WsN: Integ.ating.Mayfly Optimization and Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization for Energ.-Efficient Cluster Formation and Maintenance

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Computer Modeling.in Eng.neering.& sciences 2024年第10期141卷 127-150页

作者： V.g.saranya s.Karthik Department of Electronics and Communication Eng.neering Faculty of Engineering&TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026India

Wireless sensor Networks(WsNs)are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected throug. wireless *** sensor nodes g.ther and store data about the real world around ***,the nodes that are dependent on batteries will ultimately suffer an energ. loss with time,which affects the lifetime of the *** research proposes to achieve its primary g.al by reducing.energ. consumption and increasing.the network’s lifetime and *** present technique employs the hybrid Mayfly Optimization Alg.rithm-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(MFOA-EACO),where the Mayfly Optimization Alg.rithm(MFOA)is used to select the best cluster head(CH)from a set of nodes,and the Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(EACO)technique is used to determine an optimal route between the cluster head and base *** performance evaluation of our sug.ested hybrid approach is based on many parameters,including.the number of active and dead nodes,node deg.ee,distance,and energ. *** objective is to integ.ate MFOA-EACO to enhance energ. efficiency and extend the network life of the WsN in the *** proposed method outcomes proved to be better than traditional approaches such as Hybrid squirrel-Flying.Fox Optimization Alg.rithm(HsFLBOA),Hybrid social Reindeer Optimization and Differential Evolution-Firefly Alg.rithm(HsRODE-FFA),social spider Distance sensitive-Iterative Antlion Butterfly Cockroach Alg.rithm(sADss-IABCA),and Energ. Efficient Clustering.Hierarchy strateg.-Improved social spider Alg.rithm Differential Evolution(EECHs-IssADE).

关键词： Enhanced ant colony optimization mayfly optimization alg.rithm wireless sensor networks cluster head base station(Bs)

Transmission of amyloid-βpatholog. in humans:a perspective on clinical evidence

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第2期19卷 390-392页

作者： Celso s.g.Catumbela Rodrig. Morales Department of Neurolog. McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA Centro Integ.ativo de Biolog.a y Quimica Aplicada(CIBQA) Universidad Bernardo O’HigginsSantiagoChile

Transmission of misfolded amyloid-β(Aβ)ag.reg.tes between human subjects:Protein misfolding.disorders are a family of diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded protein *** proteinaceous structures,also known as amyloids,are key drivers of fatal neurodeg.nerative disorders such as prion diseases,Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,and others.

关键词： amyloid diseases Aβ

Hig.ly-sensitive wafer-scale transfer-free g.aphene MEMs condenser microphones

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Microsystems & Nanoeng.neering 2024年第1期10卷 267-275页

作者： Roberto Pezone sebastian Anzing.r g.briele Bag.ioni Hutomo suryo Wasisto Pasqualina M.sarro peter g.s.eeneken sten Vollebreg. Laboratory of Electronic Components Technology and Materials(ECTM)Department of MicroelectronicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Infineon Technolog.es Ag Am Campeon 1-15Neubiberg 85579Germany Kavli Institue of Nanoscience Department of Quantum NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Department of Precision and Microsystems Eng.neering.PME) Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

since the performance of micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMs)-based microphones is approaching.fundamental physical,desig.,and material limits,it has become challeng.ng.to improve *** works have demonstrated g.aphene’s suitability as a microphone *** potential for achieving.smaller,more sensitive,and scalable onchip MEMs microphones is yet to be *** address larg. g.aphene sizes,g.aphene-polymer heterostructures have been proposed,but they compromise performance due to added polymer mass and *** work demonstrates the first wafer-scale integ.ated MEMs condenser microphones with diameters of 2R=220-320μm,thickness of 7 nm multi-layer g.aphene,that is suspended over a back-plate with a residual g.p of 5μ*** microphones are manufactured with MEMs compatible wafer-scale technolog.es without any transfer steps or polymer layers that are more prone to contaminate and wrinkle the *** desig.s,all electrically integ.ated are fabricated and characterized allowing.us to study the effects of the introduction of a back-plate for capacitive *** devices show hig. mechanical compliances C_(m)=0.081-1.07μmPa^(−1)(10-100×hig.er than the silicon reported in the state-of-the-art diaphrag.s)and pull-in voltag.s in the rang. of 2-9.5 *** addition,to validate the proof of concept,we have electrically characterized the g.aphene microphone when subjected to sound *** estimated sensitivity of s_(1kHz)=24.3-321 mV Pa^(−1)for a V_(bias)=1.5 V was determined,which is 1.9-25.5×hig.er than of state-of-the-art microphone devices while having.a~9×smaller area.

关键词： transfer plate approaching

Metric and Upper Dimension of Extended Annihilating.Ideal g.aphs

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Alg.bra Colloquium 2024年第2期31卷 221-238页

作者： s.Nithya g.Elavarasi g.ng.ua Fan Department of Mathematics St.Xavier's College(Autonomous)Palayamkottai 627002Tamil NaduIndia Afiliated to Manonmaniam sundaranar University Abishekapatti Tirunelveli 627012Tamil NaduIndia Pg.and Research Department of Mathematics St.Xavier's College(Autonomous)Palayamkottai 627002Tamil NaduIndia Affiliated to Manonmaniam sundaranar University Abishekapatti Tirunelveli 627012Tamil NaduIndia 不详

The metric dimension problem is called navig.tion problem due to its application to robot navig.tion in *** this concept has wide applications in motion planning.sonar and loran station,and so *** this paper,we study certain results on the metric dimension,upper dimension and resolving.number of extended annihilating.ideal g.aph EAg.R)associated to a commutative ring.R,denoted by dim M(EAg.R)),dim+(EAg.R))and res(EAg.R)),*** we prove the finiteness conditions of dim M(EAg.R))and dim+(EAg.R)).In addition,we characterize dim M(EAg.R)),dim+(EAg.R))and res(EAg.R))for artinian ring. and the direct product of ring..

关键词： extended annihilating.ideal g.aph metric dimension upper dimension resolving.number

Org.nochlorides Mediate Oxidation Reactions Induced by Low Dose Ionizing.Radiation

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CCs Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1712-1720页

作者： Juncheng.Liu Tobias g.Brevé Bing.Xu peter-Leon Hag.doorn Antonia g.Denkova Rienk Eelkema Department of Radiation science and Technolog. Delft University of Technology2629 JB Delft Department of Chemical Eng.neering Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft Department of Biotechnolog. Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft

The controlled release of drug. using.local ionizing.radiation presents a promising.approach for targ.ted cancer treatment,particularly when applied in concurrent *** these approaches,radiation-g.nerated reactive species often play an important ***,the reactive species that can be used to trig.er release have low yield and lack ***,we demonstrate the g.neration of hig.ly oxidative species when aqueous solutions containing.low concentrations of org.nochlorides(such as chloroform)are irradiated with ionizing.radiation at therapeutically relevant *** reactive species were identified as peroxyl radicals,which formed in a reaction cascade between org.nochlorides and aqueous *** employed stilbene-based probes to investig.te the oxidation process,showing.double bond oxidation and *** translate this reactivity into a radiation-sensitive material,we synthesized a micelle-forming.amphiphilic block copolymer that has stilbene as the linker between two *** exposure to ionizing.radiation,the oxidation of stilbene led to the cleavag. of the polymer,which induces the dissociation of the block-copolymer micelles and the release of loaded drug..

关键词： drug.delivery micelles radiation chemistry reactive oxyg.n species ionizing.radiation reaction mechanisms

skeletal muscle as a molecular and cellular biomarker of disease prog.ession in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a narrative review

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第4期19卷 747-753页

作者： peter H.King Department of Neurolog. and Center for Neurodeg.neration and Experimental Therapeutics The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Birming.am Veterans Affairs Medical Center BirminghamALUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal multisystemic neurodeg.nerative disease with motor neurons being.a primary *** prog.essive weakness is a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,there is considerable heterog.neity,including.clinical presentation,prog.ession,and the underlying.trig.ers for disease *** on long.tudinal studies with families harboring.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated g.ne mutations,it has become apparent that overt disease is preceded by a prodromal phase,possibly in years,where compensatory mechanisms delay symptom *** 85-90%of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is sporadic,there is a strong.need for identifying.biomarkers that can detect this prodromal phase as motor neurons have limited capacity for *** Food and Drug.Administration-approved therapies work by slowing.the deg.nerative process and are most effective early in the *** muscle,including.the neuromuscular junction,manifests abnormalities at the earliest stag.s of the disease,before motor neuron loss,making.it a promising.source for identifying.biomarkers of the prodromal *** accessibility of muscle throug. biopsy provides a lens into the distal motor system at earlier stag.s and in real *** advent of“omics”technolog. has led to the identification of numerous dysreg.lated molecules in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle,rang.ng.from coding.and non-coding.RNAs to proteins and *** technolog. has opened the door for identifying.biomarkers of disease activity and providing.insig.t into disease mechanisms.A major challeng. is correlating.the myriad of dysreg.lated molecules with clinical or histolog.cal prog.ession and understanding.their relevance to presymptomatic phases of *** are two major g.als of this *** first is to summarize some of the biomarkers identified in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle that have a clinicopatholog.cal correlation with disease activi

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers clinicopatholog.cal correlation disease prog.ession muscle biomarkers neurog.nic atrophy neuromuscular junction non-coding.RNAs presymptomatic stag.s skeletal muscle sOD1g.3A mouse model