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Decarbonising energy: The developing international activity in hydrogen technologies and fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 405-415页

作者： John Meurig Thomas peter P.edwards peter J.Dobson Gari P.Owend Department of Materials Science&Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK The Queen’s College University of OxfordOxford OX14AWUK Annwvyn Solutions(Independent Consultant) BromleyKent BR13DWUK

Hydrogen technologies and fuel cells offer an alternative and improved solution for a decarbonised energy *** cells are electrochemical converters;transforming hydrogen (or energy sources containing hydrogen) and oxygen directly into *** hydrogen fuel cell,invented in 1839,permits the generation of electrical energy with high efficiency through a non-combustion,electrochemical process and,importantly,without the emission ofits point of ***,despite numerous efforts to exploit the obvious attractions of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells,various challenges have been encountered,some of which are reviewed ***,however,given the exigent need to urgently seek low-carbon paths for humankind’s energy future,numerous countries are advancing the deployment of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells not only for transport,but also as a means of the storage of excess renewable energy from,for example,wind and solar ***,hydrogen is also being blended into the natural gas supplies used in domestic heating and targeted in the decarbonisation of critical,large-scale industrial processes such as steel *** briefly review specific examples in countries such as Japan,South Korea and the People’s Republic of China,as well as selected examples from Europe and North America in the utilization of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells.

关键词： Decarbonisation Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Economy Fuel cells Environment Sustainability

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Variation in the plant-mediated methane transport and its importance for methane emission from intact wetland peat mesocosms

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第4期6卷 298-304页

作者： Gurbir S.Bhullar peter J.edwards Harry Olde Venterink Institute of Integrative Biology ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 168092 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims and Methods Vascular plants are known to influence the production,transport and oxidation of methane in wetland soils,but these processes are not well *** plants grown in intact peat cores,we compared the influence upon methane emissions of 20 forb and graminoid species from European *** measured plant-mediated transport of methane(conduit or chimney effect)using a novel agar-sealing technique that prevented methane exchange from the bare soil to the *** Findings the plant-mediated transport(chimney effect)represented between 30%and almost 100%of the total methane flux,with graminoids exhibiting greater internal transport than *** general,plants with less dense root tissues and a relatively larger root volume exhibited a larger chimney *** species(12 out of 20)signif-icantly reduced methane emissions compared to bare soil and only one species,Succisa pratensis,increased *** suggest that characterising vegetation in terms of plant functional traits and plant processes offers an effective method for estimating methane emis-sions from ***,we found no correlation between the magnitude of the chimney effect and the overall influence of different plant species on methane *** introducing a useful tool to study plant-mediated transport,this work suggests that characterising vegetation in terms of functional traits could improve estimates of methane emissions from wetlands,which in turn could help in designing mitigation strategies.

关键词： functional group graminoid forb agar-sealing conduit gas transportreceived

Testing experimentally the effect of soil resource mobility on plant competition

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 276-286页

作者： Stefanie Wilberts Matthias Suter Nina Walser peter J.edwards Harry Olde Venterink Dieter Ramseier Department of Biology/Chemistry Division of EcologyUniversity of OsnabrückBarbarastrasse 13Osnabrück 49076Germany Forage Production and Grassland Agroscope Reckenholz-TänikonReckenholzstrasse 1918046 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Integrative Biology ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 16Zürich 8092Switzerland Plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium

Aims The volume of soil beyond a plant’s roots from which that plant is able to acquire a particular nutrient depends upon the mobility of that nutrient in the *** this reason it has been hypothesized that the strength of competitive interactions between plants vary with soil nutrient *** aimed to provide an experimental test of this *** We devised two experimental systems to investigate specifically the effect of nutrient transport rates upon intraspecific *** the first,the exchange of rhizosphere water and dissolved nutrients between two connected pots,each containing one plant,was manipulated by alternately raising and lowering the *** the second experiment,the roots systems of two competing plants were separated by partitions of differing porosity,thereby varying the plants’access to water and nutrients in the other plant's *** this second experiment,we also applied varying amounts of nutrients to test whether higher nutrient input would reduce competition when competition for light is avoided,and applied different water levels to affect nutrient concentrations without changing nutrient *** findings In both experiments,lower mobility reduced competitive effects on plant biomass and on relative growth rate(RGR),as *** the second experiment,however,competition was more intense under high nutrient input,suggesting that low nutrient supply rates reduced the strength of the superior *** effects on RGR were only evident under the low water level,suggesting that under lower nutrient concentrations,competitive effects might be less *** together,our results provide the first direct experimental evidence that a reduction in nutrient mobility can reduce the intensity of competition between plants.

关键词： belowground competition nutrient transport soil water relative growth rate

Does noble metal modification improve the photocatalytic activity of BiOCl?

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 286-293页

作者： Liang Kong Zheng Jiang Henry H.-C.Lai Tiancun Xiao peter P.edwards Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordUK Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterCornwall CampusPenrynCornwall TR10 9EZUK

Noble metal-surface-deposited BiOCl photocatalysts were prepared through photo-deposition and used for photodecomposition of Rhodamine B(RhB).The received materials were characterised using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS),UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD) to understand the influence of surface deposited noble *** results showed that the noble metal species on the surface of BiOCl are in metallic state,which also brought about enhanced light absorption in broad UV-vis region due to plasmonic effects induced by the surfacedeposited noble metal *** the samples showed good activity in photodecomposition of RhB under UV-light irradiation,but only Ag/BiOCl was more active than bulk *** mechanism of the different reactivity of these noble-metal modified BiOCl was tentatively proposed based on the band structure and the interactions between noble metals and the BiOCl.

关键词： Photocatalysis BiOCl Noble metal Rhodamine B Plasmonic effect

Performance and Industrial Application of New-Type Sulfur Tolerant CO Shift Catalyst QDB-04

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Open Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2016年第1期6卷 15-22页

作者： Bonan Liu Tiancun Xiao peter P. edwards Jiefei Xiao Gao Hui Qiuyun Zong Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University Oxford UK Qindao Lianxin Catalytic Materials Co. Ltd Qingdao China

This paper presents the performance and characteristics of new-type sulfur tolerant shift catalyst QDB-04 and its industrial side-line test as well as the first-time industrial application in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant of Shandong in China. The results show that the catalyst has high strength and strength stability, good low temperature activity and stability as well as low potassium bleeding ratio which well meet for the requirements of the methanol plant on catalyst performance in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant.

关键词： Sulfur Tolerant Shift Catalyst Performance Industrial Side-Line Test Application

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畜禽-鱼综合系统的替代方法,以亚洲为重点

人类环境杂志 1999年第2期28卷 118-124页

作者： David C.Little peter edwards 史雅娟英国国际合作部亚洲技术研究所

随着亚洲畜禽生产系统和市场明显地趋向于两极化,本研究提出了将畜禽养殖和养鱼结合起来的替代策略。这里的两极分化是指农村营养缺乏的畜禽系统限制了常规的综合畜禽养殖系统;以及水产养殖与工业化的郊区牲畜饲养系统相关联。这些选择... 详细信息

随着亚洲畜禽生产系统和市场明显地趋向于两极化,本研究提出了将畜禽养殖和养鱼结合起来的替代策略。这里的两极分化是指农村营养缺乏的畜禽系统限制了常规的综合畜禽养殖系统;以及水产养殖与工业化的郊区牲畜饲养系统相关联。这些选择与当前常规的综合相对应:以农场外饲料饲养的牲畜排泄出的肥料直接用来喂鱼。小规模农户综合农作的试图因养分缺乏而受到限制,与此相矛盾的是,出现在城市周围的过量典型牲畜废物却不能在水产养殖上应用,因为较高的地价不利于在半集约化的池塘里循环利用这些废料。通过对输入营养有计划地加以应用,而实现畜禽业和养鱼业的集约化,对于小规模农户的牲畜-鱼生产方式来说是很非常有前途的。木文对于"工业化水平"的综合提出了很多实践方法,包括饲养对于有耐受力的鱼类、养殖用水的循环利用,对牲畜废弃物预加工以便给集约化鱼类养殖提供活饲料。

关键词：畜禽鱼综合系统替代方法亚洲畜牧废物饵料

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元素都是金属吗?

世界科学 1988年第3期 19-21页

作者： John Emsley peter edwards 韩王荣

在适当的温度、压力下,氢成了超导金属,钠成了绝缘体。化学家和物理学家们开始了探索金属和非金属之间的区别……

关键词：磁性定义金属金属材料原子簇外层电子化学家金属溶液物理学家银原子超导性导电性

From the Poles to the Tropics:Novel chemistry in the atmosphere probed using field measurements of OH and HO2 radicals

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From the Poles to the Tropics:Novel chemistry in the atmosph...

Unexpected fast radical production emerges in cool seasons:implications for ozone pollution control

中国化学会第27届学术年会

作者： Dwayne Heard Roisin Commane peter edwards Mathew Evans Kate Furneaux Andrew Goddard Trevor Ingham Daniel Stone Stewart Vaughan Lisa Whalley School of Chemistry University of Leeds

＜正＞Atmospheric oxidation processes are largely controlled by the OH radical. Field measurements of OH, and the closely related radical HO2, are essential to understanding the rapid photochemical processes involved

关键词： Hydroxyl radical field measurements atmospheric chemistry

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National Science Open 2022年第2期1卷 34-46页

作者： Hongli Wang Yanhui Liu Xiaorui Chen Yaqin Gao Wanyi Qiu Shengao Jing Qian Wang Shengrong Lou peter Medwards Cheng Huang Keding Lu State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYork YO17EPUK

Ozone is a crucial air pollutant that damages human health and *** it is related to the photo-oxidation of the nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds,the summertime reduction of these precursors is the primary focus of current ozone mitigation *** ozone pollution episodes in eastern China,an observed accumulation of daily total oxidants(O_(x)=NO_(2)+O_(3))in cool seasons(spring and autumn:60 ppb and winter 40 ppb)is comparable to that in summer(60 ppb),indicating fast photochemical production of secondary pollutants including ozone over the *** fast radical primary productions are found to counteract the increased termination of hydroxyl radical and unfavorable meteorological conditions to maintain the rapid total oxidant formations in cool *** and regulating the primary radical sources may be critical for the secondary air pollution control in cool seasons.

关键词： OH radical photochemistry VOCs ozone air pollution

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