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Attitudes towards, and methods of, maintaining or losing body weight among adults

Health 2013年第3期5卷 388-395页

作者： peter Buzzacott Sarah french Lisa Wood Michael Rosenberg Centre for the Built Environment and Health The University of Western Australia Perth Australia School of Sports Science Exercise and Health The University of Western Australia Perth Australia School of Sports Science Exercise and Health The University of Western Australia Perth Australia

To investigate motivators and strategies of adult weight loss or management, 1805 adults aged 18 - 65 were asked by computer assisted telephone interviews about their weight management behavior during the previous four weeks. High levels of importance to reduce risks associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes were observed, although were indistinguishable between people attempting or not attempting to lose or maintain weight. Results showed that BMI was the strongest predictor of attempting to manage weight irrespective of age and, compared with males, females were more likely to attempt weight management at a lower BMI. Among the weight management group, the most popular weight management strategy was to choose healthier food options (77% and 70% for females and males respectively). With the weight management group also more likely to be monitoring the amount of food they consume, limiting portions sizes and tracking their physical activity participation compared with people not managing their weight. The current study showed that the likelihood of weight management within four weeks prior to the survey peaked for both sexes when BMI reached obese levels, (BMI = 30 - 39.9), suggesting that among people categorised as obese most were attempting to manage their weight. The results also suggest that at least some adults were not attempting to maintain their weight in the four weeks prior to the survey, irrespective of their BMI status. The implications of these findings suggest more effective approaches to weight loss and maintenance could focus on strategies that directly address the benefits and motivations of weight loss and weight maintenance, rather than focusing on conveying the risks of being overweight and the importance of avoiding chronic disease.

关键词： Body Mass Index Body Weight Changes Obesity Overweight

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The tempest

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作者： william Shakespeare edited by peter Hulme and william H. Sherman.

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Alcohol intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing primary biliary cholangitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第9期14卷 1747-1756页

作者： Janine Adele french Paul Gow Steven Simpson-Yap Kate Collins Justin Ng peter W Angus Ingrid A F van der Mei Department of Gastroenterology Austin HospitalHeidelberg 3084Australia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of MelbourneCarlton 3053Australia Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of TasmaniaHobart 7000Australia

BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic progressive liver disease of unknown aetiology characterised by immune-mediated destruction of small and medium-sized intrahepatic bile *** are few well-established risk factors and epidemiological studies are needed to further evaluate the pathogenesis of the *** To evaluate the relationship between alcohol intake,smoking and marijuana use with PBC *** We conducted a prevalent case control study of 200 cases and 200 age(within a five year age band)and sex-matched controls,identified from the Victorian PBC prevalence *** assessed lifetime alcohol intake and smoking behaviour(both tobacco and marijuana)prior to PBC onset and used conditional logistic regression for *** Alcohol intake consistently showed a dose-dependent inverse association with case status,and this was most substantial for 21-30 years and 31-40 years(Ptrend<0.001).Smoking was associated with PBC,with a stronger association with a longer duration of smoking[e.g.,adjusted OR 2.27(95%CI:1.12-4.62)for those who had smoked for 20-35 years].There was no association between marijuana use and *** Alcohol appears to have an inverse relationship with *** has been confirmed as an environmental risk factor for *** was no association between marijuana use and PBC.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Autoimmune liver disease Epidemiology Alcohol

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Refractory very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease associated with cytosolic isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第15期26卷 1841-1846页

作者： Andrew Fagbemi william G Newman Stuart G Tangye Stephen M Hughes Edmund Cheesman peter D Arkwright Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Royal Manchester Children’s HospitalManchester M199WLUnited Kingdom Department of Medical Genetics Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom Evolution and Genomic Sciences University of ManchesterManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom Garvan Institute of Medical Research DarlinghurstNSW 2010Australia St Vincent’s Clinical School Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNSW 2010Australia Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology Royal Manchester Children’s HospitalManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom Department of Paediatric Histopathology St Mary’s HospitalManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of ManchesterManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases/ligases(ARSs)are highly conserved enzymes involved in attaching amino acids to tRNA promoting protein *** deficiencies of ARSs localized to the mitochondria classically present with neuropathology,the clinical features of cytosolic ARS deficiencies are more *** have previously been associated with neonatal hepatitis,but never with early-onset inflammatory bowel *** SUMMARY A nine-year-old Bangladeshi boy presented with neonatal liver failure and deranged clotting,transaminitis and *** parents were first *** older brothers and a sister were *** patient suffered from loose stools from early infancy which became more troublesome and persistent from five years old with ten bloody motions a *** endoscopies showed persistent pancolitis,which was refractory to mesalazine,corticosteroids,azathioprine,sirolimus and anti-TNF(adalimumab)therapy,but has improved recently with subcutaneous *** Genome Sequencing revealed a novel pathogenic missense variant(c.290A>G)in the cytosolic isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase gene,leading to an amino acid substitution(***97Gly).Pathogenic variants in other genes associated with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)(ADAM17,EGFR,FOXP3,IL10RA,IL10RB,IL21R,NCF4,STAT3)were *** assays demonstrated markedly elevated IL-2,IL-5,IL-13,IL-9 and IL-10 by the patient’s CD4+T-cells,while IL-17A,IL-17F,IFNβwere lower,and TNFαnot significantly different when compared to healthy *** This case report provides evidence that recessive mutations in cytosolic isoleucyltRNA synthetase are a novel monogenic cause of IBD,which should be considered,particularly in infants and children with a history of neonatal hepatitis and very early-onset IBD poorly responsive to treatment.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Hepatitis Gene Cytosolic isoleucine tRNA synthase

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Discussions on rockburst and dynamic ground support in deep mines

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第5期11卷 1110-1118页

作者： Charlie C.Li peter Mikula Brad Simser Bruce Hebblewhite william Joughin Xiaowei Feng Nuwen Xu Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway Mikula Geotechnics Pty. Ltd. Kalgoorlie Australia Glencore Company Sudbury Canada The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney Australia SRK Consulting Johannesburg South Africa China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China Sichuan University Chengdu China

The paper is a summary of discussions on four topics in rockburst and dynamic ground *** 1 is the mechanisms of *** events are classified into two categories in accordance with the triggering mechanisms,*** burst and fault-slip *** burst occurs on rock surfaces when the tangential stress exceeds the rock strength in hard and brittle ***-slip burst is triggered by fault-slip induced *** 2 is prediction and forecasting of rockburst *** for a rockburst event must tell the location,timing and magnitude of the *** could simply foresee the probability of some of the three *** is extremely challenging to predict rockbursts and large seismic events with current knowledge and technologies,but forecasting is possible,for example the possible locations of strain burst in an underground *** present,the approach using seismic monitoring and numerical modelling is a promising forecasting *** 3 is preconditioning *** current preconditioning methods are blasting,relief-hole drilling and *** fault-slip seismicity is difficult and challenging but has been *** very deep locations(>3000 m),the fracturing could extend from the excavation face to a deep location ahead of the face and therefore preconditioning is usually not *** 4 is dynamic ground support against *** ground support requires that the support system be strong enough to sustain the momentum of the ejecting rock on one hand and tough enough on the other hand to absorb the strain and seismic energies released from the rock *** current dynamic support systems in underground mining are composed of yielding tendons and flexible surface retaining elements like mesh/screen and *** props and engineered timber props are also used for dynamic support.

关键词： Rockburst Seismic event Dynamic ground support Forecasting Preconditioning

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Technologies to Support Community Flood Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第2期7卷 198-204页

作者： Ian McCallum Wei Liu Linda See Reinhard Mechler Adriana Keating Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler Junko Mochizuki Steffen Fritz Sumit Dugar Miguel Arestegui Michael Szoenyi Juan-Carlos Laso Bayas peter Burek Adam french Inian Moorthy International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Practical Action Consulting South Asia Practical Action Latin America Zurich Insurance Group

Floods affect more people globally than any other type of natural hazard. Great potential exists for new technologies to support flood disaster risk reduction. In addition to existing expert-based data collection and analysis, direct input from communities and citizens across the globe may also be used to monitor, validate, and reduce flood risk. New technologies have already been proven to effectively aid in humanitarian response and recovery. However, while ex-ante technologies are increasingly utilized to collect information on exposure, efforts directed towards assessing and monitoring hazards and vulnerability remain limited. Hazard model validation and social vulnerability assessment deserve particular attention. New technologies offer great potential for engaging people and facilitating the coproduction of knowledge.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Disaster risk reduction Flood resilience Social media Volunteered geographic information (VGI)

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Gastrointestinal manifestations,risk factors,and management in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder:A systematic review

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第8期12卷 268-280页

作者： william Reiche Abubakar Tauseef Ahmed Sabri Mohsin Mirza David Cantu peter Silberstein Saurabh Chandan Department of Medicine CHI Creighton University Medical CenterOmahaNE 68124United States Department of Pathology CHI Creighton University Medical CenterOmahaNE 68124United States Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of MedicineCHI Creighton University Medical CenterOmahaNE 68124United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineCHI Creighton University Medical CenterOmahaNE 68124United States

BACKGROUND Patients with a history of solid organ transplantation(SOT)or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)are at an increased risk of developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder(PTLD).The gastrointestinal(GI)tract is commonly affected as it has an abundance of B and T *** To determine typical GI-manifestations,risk factors for developing PTLD,and *** Major databases were searched until November *** Non-case report studies that described GI manifestations of PTLD,risk factors for developing PTLD,and management of PTLD were *** articles written within the last 20 years were included in the *** articles found that patients with a history of SOT,regardless of transplanted organ,have a propensity to develop *** GI tract manifestations may be nonspecific;therefore,consideration of risk factors is crucial for identifying *** other lymphoma variants,PTLD is very aggressive making early diagnosis key to *** treatment is reduction of immunosuppression which is effective in more than 50%of cases;however,additional therapy including rituximab,chemotherapy,and surgery may also be required.

关键词： Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder Gastrointestinal manifestations Reduction of immunosuppression Risk factors Epstein-Barr virus

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Enhanced 1.54-μm photo-and electroluminescence based on a perfluorinated Er(Ⅲ) complex utilizing an iridium(Ⅲ) complex as a sensitizer

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1706-1715页

作者： Hong-Fei Li Xiao-Qi Liu Chen Lyu Jelena Gorbaciova Li-Li Wen Guo-Gang Shan peter B.Wyatt Huan-Qing Ye william P.Gillin Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadE14NS LondonUK Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadE14NS LondonUK Chromosol Ltd The Walbrook Building25 WalbrookLondon EC4N 8AUK

Advanced 1.5-μm emitting materials that can be used to fabricate electrically driven light-emitting devices have the potential for developing cost-effective light sources for integrated silicon *** erbium(Er^(3+))in organic materials can give bright 1.5-μm luminescence and provide a route for realizing 1.5-μm organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs).However,the Er3+electroluminescence(EL)intensity needs to be further improved for device ***,an efficient 1.5-μm OLED made from a sensitized organic Er3+co-doped system is realized,where a“traditional”organic phosphorescent molecule with minimal triplet–triplet annihilation is used as a chromophore *** chromophore provides efficient sensitization to a co-doped organic Er^(3+) complex with a perfluorinatedligand *** large volume can protect the Er^(3+) 1.5-μm luminescence from vibrational *** average lifetime of the sensitized Er^(3+) 1.5-μm luminescence reaches ~0.86 ms,with a lifetime component of 2.65 ms,which is by far the longest Er^(3+) lifetime in a hydrogen-abundant organic environment and can even compete with that obtained in the fully fluorinated organic Er^(3+) *** optimal sensitization enhances the Er^(3+) luminescence by a factor of 1600 even with a high concentration of the phosphorescent molecule,and bright 1.5-μm OLEDs are obtained.

关键词： electroluminescence lifetime luminescence

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Immune function biomarker QuantiFERON-monitor is associated with infection risk in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第35期8卷 1569-1575页

作者： Siddharth Sood Lijia Yu Kumar Visvanathan peter william Angus Paul John Gow Adam Gareth Testro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Melbourne Royal Melbourne Hospital Liver Transplant Unit Victoria University of Melbourne Innate Immune Laboratory University of Melbourne St Vincent’s Hospital

AIMTo investigate whether a novel immune function biomarker QuantiFERON-Monitor (QFM) can identify cirrhotic patients at greatest risk of infection. METHODSAdult cirrhotic patients on the liver transplant waiting list were recruited for this observational cohort study from a tertiary liver transplant referral unit. The immune function biomarker, QFM was performed using the same method as the widely available Quantiferon-gold assay, and measures output in interferon gamma in IU/mL after dual stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Ninety-one cirrhotic patients were recruited, with 47 (52%) transplanted on the day of their QFM. The remaining 44 (48%) were monitored for infections until transplant, death, or census date of 1st February 2014. RESULTSCirrhotic patients express a median QFM significantly lower than healthy controls (94.5 IU/mL vs 423 IU/mL), demonstrating that they are severely immunosuppressed. Several factors including model for end stage liver disease, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, bilirubin, international normalized ratio and haemoglobin were associated with QFM on univariate analysis. Disease aetiology did not appear to impact QFM. On multivariate analysis, only Child-Pugh score and urea were significantly associated with a patient’s immune function as objectively measured by QFM. In the 44 patients who were not transplanted immediately after their blood test and could be monitored for subsequent infection risk, 13 (29.5%) experienced a pre-transplant infection a median 20 d (range 2-182) post-test. QFM P = 0.01) for infection. A very low QFM P = 0.003) with death in three patients who died while awaiting transplantation (HR = 56.6). CONCLUSIONQFM is lower in cirrhotics, allowing objective determinations of an individual’s unique level of immune dysfunction. Low QFM was associated with increased susceptibility to infection.

关键词： Infection Biomarker Immune dysfunction Immune function Immunosuppression Liver Immune system Cirrhosis Mortality

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A bioactive compliant vascular graft modulates macrophage polarization and maintains patency with robust vascular remodeling

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 167-178页

作者： Alexander Stahl Dake Hao Janos Barrera Dominic Henn Sien Lin Seyedsina Moeinzadeh Sungwoo Kim william Maloney Geoffrey Gurtner Aijun Wang Yunzhi peter Yang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University240 Pasteur DriveStanfordCA94304USA Department of Chemistry Stanford University121 Mudd BuildingStanfordCA94305USA Department of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCA95817USA Department of Surgery Stanford University300 Pasteur DriveStanfordCA94305USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA95616USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University496 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University443 Via OrtegaStanfordCA4305USA

Conventional synthetic vascular grafts are associated with significant failure rates due to their mismatched mechanical properties with the native vessel and poor regenerative *** different tissue engineering approaches have been used to improve the biocompatibility of synthetic vascular grafts,it is still crucial to develop a new generation of synthetic grafts that can match the dynamics of native vessel and direct the host response to achieve robust vascular *** size of pores within implanted biomaterials has shown significant effects on macrophage polarization,which has been further confirmed as necessary for efficient vascular formation and ***,we developed biodegradable,autoclavable synthetic vascular grafts from a new polyurethane elastomer and tailored the grafts’interconnected pore sizes to promote macrophage populations with a pro-regenerative phenotype and improve vascular regeneration and patency *** synthetic vascular grafts showed similar mechanical properties to native blood vessels,encouraged macrophage populations with varying M2 to M1 phenotypic expression,and maintained patency and vascular regeneration in a one-month rat carotid interposition model and in a four-month rat aortic interposition *** innovative bioactive synthetic vascular graft holds promise to treat clinical vascular diseases.

关键词： Vascular graft Vascular compliance Pore size Macrophage polarization Vascular remodeling

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