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Trichome.Spe.ific e.pre.sion of Amorpha-4,11-Die.e.Synthase. a Ke. e.zyme.of Arte.isinin Biosynthe.is in <i>Arte.isia annua</i>L., as Re.orte. by a Promote.-GUS Fusion

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Ame.ican Journal of Plant Scie.ce. 2011年第4期2卷 619-628页

作者： Hongzhe. Wang Linda Olofsson Anne.i Lundgre. peter e. brodelius 不详

Arte.isia annua L. produce. small amounts of the.se.quite.pe.oid arte.isinin, which is use. for tre.tme.t of malaria. A worldwide.shortage.of the.drug has le. to inte.se.re.e.rch to incre.se.the.yie.d of arte.isinin in the.plant. In orde. to study the.re.ulation of e.pre.sion of a ke. e.zyme.of arte.isinin biosynthe.is, the.promote. re.ion of the.ke. e.zyme.amorpha-4,11-die.e.synthase.(ADS) was clone. and fuse. with the.β-glucuronidase.(GUS) re.orte. ge.e. Transge.ic plants of A. annua e.pre.sing this fusion we.e.ge.e.ate. and studie.. Transge.ic plants e.pre.sing the.GUS ge.e.we.e.use. to e.tablish the.activity of the.clone. promote. by a GUS activity staining proce.ure. GUS unde. the.control of the.ADS promote. showe. spe.ific e.pre.sion in glandular trichome.. The.activity of the.ADS promote. varie. te.porally and in old tissue. e.se.tially no GUS staining could be.obse.ve.. The.e.pre.sion patte.n of GUS and ADS in ae.ial parts of the.transge.ic plant was e.se.tially the.same.indicating that the.cis-e.e.e.ts controlling glandular trichome.spe.ific e.pre.sion are.include. in the.clone. promote.. Howe.e., some.cis-e.e.e.t(s) that control e.pre.sion in root and old le.f appe.rs to be.missing in the.clone. promote.. Furthe.more. qPCR was use. to compare.the.activity of the.wild-type.ADS promote. with that of the.clone. ADS promote.. The.latte. promote. showe. a conside.ably lowe. activity than the.wild-type.promote. as judge. from the.le.e.s of GUS and ADS transcripts, re.pe.tive.y, which may be.due.to the.re.oval of an e.hancing cis-e.e.e.t from the.ADS promote.. The.ADS ge.e.is spe.ifically e.pre.se. in stalk and se.re.ory ce.ls of glandular trichome. of A. annua.

关键词： Agrobacte.ium Tume.acie.s Amorpha-4 11-Die.e Synthase Arte.isia annua Arte.isinin Biosynthe.is β-Glucuronidase Ge.e Re.ulation Promote. Activity Stable Transformation

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The.Ge.ome.of Arte.isia annua Provide. Insight into the.e.olution of Aste.ace.e.Family and Arte.isinin Biosynthe.is

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Mole.ular Plant 2018年第6期11卷 776-788页

作者： Qian She. Lida Zhang Zhihua Liao She.gyue.Wang Tingxiang Yan Pu Shi Me.g Liu Xue.ing Fu Qifang Pan Yuliang Wang Zongyou Lv Xu Lu Fangyuan Zhang We.min Jiang Yanan Ma Minghui Che. Xiaolong Hao Ling Li Yue.i Tang Gang Lv Yan Zhou Xiaofe. Sun peter e. brodelius Joce.yn K.C. Rose.Ke.uan Tang Joint Inte.national Re.e.rch Laboratory of Me.abolic & De.e.opme.tal Scie.ce. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture Plant Biotechnology Research Center Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China SWU-TAAHC Me.icinal Plant Joint R&D Ce.tre School of Life Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Chine.e.National Human Ge.ome.Ce.te. at Shanghai Shanghai 201203 China Plant Biology Se.tion School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA De.artme.t of Che.istry and Biome.ical Scie.ce. Linnaeus University 39182 Kalmar Sweden State.Ke. Laboratory of Natural Me.icine. China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China

Arte.isia annua, commonly known as swe.t wormwood or Qinghao, is a shrub native.to China and has long be.n use. for me.icinal purpose.. A. annua is now cultivate. globally as the.only natural source.of a pote.t anti-malarial compound, arte.isinin. He.e. we.re.ort a high-quality draft asse.bly of the.1.74-gigabase.ge.ome.of A. annua, which is highly he.e.ozygous, rich in re.e.itive.se.ue.ce., and contains 63 226 prote.n-coding ge.e., one.of the.large.t numbe.s among the.se.ue.ce. plant spe.ie.. We.found that, as one.of a fe. se.ue.ce. ge.ome. in the.Aste.ace.e. the.A. annua ge.ome.contains a large.numbe. of ge.e. spe.ific to this large.angiospe.m clade. Notably, the.e.pansion and functional dive.sification of ge.e. e.coding e.zyme. involve. in te.pe.e.biosynthe.is are.consiste.t with the.e.olution of the.arte.i- sinin biosynthe.ic pathway. We.furthe. re.e.le. by transcriptome.profiling that A. annua has e.olve. the.sophisticate. transcriptional re.ulatory ne.works unde.lying arte.isinin biosynthe.is. Base. on compre. he.sive.ge.omic and transcriptomic analyse. we.ge.e.ate. transge.ic A. annua line. producing high le.e.s of arte.isinin, which are.now re.dy for large.scale.production and the.e.y will he.p me.t the.chal- le.ge.of incre.sing global de.and of arte.isinin.

关键词： Arte.isia annua arte.isinin ge.ome e.olution transcriptome me.abolic e.gine.ring

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Drag re.uction be.avior of hydrolyze. polyacrylamide.xanthan gum mixe. polyme. solutions

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Pe.role.m Scie.ce 2017年第2期14卷 412-423页

作者： Me.di Habibpour peter e. Clark School of Che.ical e.gine.ring Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA

Partially hydrolyze. polyacrylamide.HPAM）as the.main compone.t of slickwate. fracturing fluid is a she.r-se.sitive.polyme.,which suffe.s from me.hanical de.radation at turbule.t flow *** diffe.e.t conce.trations of HPAM as we.l as mixture. of polyacrylamide.xanthan gum we.e.pre.are. to inve.tigate.the.possibility of improving she.r stability of *** re.uction（DR）me.sure.e.ts we.e.pe.forme. in a close. flow *** HPAM solutions,the.e.te.t of DR incre.se. from 30%to67%with incre.sing HPAM conce.tration from 100 to1000 *** the.HPAM solutions suffe.e. from me.hanical de.radation and loss of DR e.ficie.cy ove. the.she.ring *** indicate. that the.re.istance.to she.r de.radation incre.se. with incre.sing polyme. *** e.ficie.cy of 600 wppm xanthan gum（XG）was 38%,indicating that XG was not as good a drag re.uce. as *** with only 6%DR de.line.XG solution e.hibite. a be.te. she.r stability compare. to HPAM *** HPAM/XG solutions initially e.hibite. gre.te. DR（40%and 55%）compare. to XG,but due.to she.r de.radation,DR%droppe. for HPAM/XG *** to 200 wppm HPAM solution,addition of XG did not improve.the.drag re.uction e.ficie.cy of HPAM/XG mixe. solutions though XG slightly improve. the.re.istance.against me.hanical de.radation in HPAM/XG mixe. polyme. solutions.

关键词： Slickwate. Polyacrylamide Xanthan gum Drag re.uction She.r stability

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How doe. male.male.compe.ition ge.e.ate.ne.ative.fre.ue.cy-de.e.de.t se.e.tion and disruptive.se.e.tion during spe.iation？

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Curre.t Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 89-99页

作者： peter D. DIJKSTRA Shana e. BORDe. De.artme.t of Biology Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA

Natural se.e.tion has be.n shown to drive.population diffe.e.tiation and spe.iation. The.role.of se.ual se.e.tion in this proce.s is controve.sial; howe.e., most of the.work has ce.te.e. on mate.choice.while.the.role.of male.male.compe.ition in spe.iation is re.ative.y unde.studie.. He.e. we.outline.how male.male.compe.ition can be.a source.of dive.sifying se.e.tion on male.compe.itive.phe.otype., and how this can contribute.to the.e.olution of re.roductive.isolation. We.highlight how ne.ative.fre.ue.cy-de.e.de.t se.e.tion （advantage.of rare.phe.otype.arising from stronge. male.male.compe.ition be.we.n similar male.phe.otype. compare. with dissimilar male.phe.o- type.） and disruptive.se.e.tion （advantage.of e.tre.e.phe.otype.） drive. the.e.olution of dive.sity in compe.itive.traits such as we.pon size. nuptial coloration, or aggre.sive.e.s. We.unde.score.that male.male.compe.ition inte.acts with othe. life.history functions and that variable.male.com- pe.itive.phe.otype. may re.re.e.t alte.native.adaptive.options. In addition to compe.ition for mate., aggre.sive.inte.fe.e.ce.compe.ition for e.ological re.ource. can e.e.t se.e.tion on compe.- itor signals. We.call for a be.te. inte.ration of male.male.compe.ition with e.ological inte.fe.e.ce.compe.ition since.both can influe.ce.the.proce.s of spe.iation via comparable.but distinct me.ha- nisms. Altoge.he., we.pre.e.t a more.compre.e.sive.frame.ork for studying the.role.of male.male.compe.ition in spe.iation, and e.phasize.the.ne.d for be.te. inte.ration of insights gaine. from othe. fie.ds studying the.e.olutionary, be.avioral, and physiological conse.ue.ce. of agonistic inte.actions.

关键词： disruptive.se.e.tion life.history trade.offs male.male.compe.ition ne.ative.fre.ue.cy-de.e.de.t se.e.tion spe.iation

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Growth factor re.e.tor trafficking as a pote.tial the.ape.tic targe. in pe.iatric cance.

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Frontie.s in Biology 2012年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： peter e. ZAGe.Andre. J. Be.N De.artme.t of Pe.iatrics Section of Hematology-Oncology 1102 Bates Suite 1220 Houston TX 77030 USA Te.as Childre.＇s Cance. and He.atology Ce.te.s Houston TX 77030 USA Dan L. Duncan Cance. Ce.te. Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA De.artme.t of Ne.robiology and Anatomy The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA Division of Pe.iatrics The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Growth factor re.e.tors （GFRs） are.ofte. abe.rantly e.pre.se. in tumor ce.ls, and alte.e. GFR e.pre.sionand activity contribute.to the.pathoge.e.is of many type. of cance.. A varie.y of me.hanisms have.be.n ide.tifie. that re.ult in e.hance. GFR e.pre.sion and activity in cance. ce.ls. De.e.ts in the.pathways re.ponsible.for GFR inte.nalization and intrace.lular trafficking are.like.y to be.involve. in alte.e. GFR e.pre.sion in a varie.y of cance.s. The.role. of GFR trafficking pathways in the.re.ulation of GFR e.pre.sion, in the.pathoge.e.is of tumors, and in the.re.ponse.of tumors to tre.tme.t have.not be.n fully de.ine.te., but the.like.y contributions of GFR signaling to the.de.e.opme.t and progre.sion of various malignancie. sugge.t that the.apie. that modify GFR trafficking may be.e.fe.tive.as anticance. tre.tme.ts. The.intrace.ular trafficking of GFRs is re.ulate. by a numbe. of prote.n comple.e. and by prote.n ubiquitination. Many of the.prote.ns re.uire. for this trafficking are.products of tumor suppre.sor ge.e., and the.e.pre.sion and function of the.prote.n machine.y utilize. for intrace.lular trafficking is fre.ue.tly alte.e. in tumor ce.ls, consiste.t with the.like.y role.of GFR trafficking in tumorige.e.is. Many of the.prote.ns involve. in GFR trafficking have.be.n ide.tifie. as pote.tial targe.s for anticance. tre.tme.t, and nove. tre.tme.ts dire.te. against the.e.targe.s are.curre.tly in pre.linical de.e.opme.t and in clinical trials. Ubiquitin ligase. are.critical for GFR trafficking and re.re.e.t pote.tially important targe.s for the.de.e.opme.t of nove. the.apie.. The.ge.e. for the.ubiquitin ligase. c-Cbl and UBe.B are.locate. in chromosome.re.ions commonly alte.e. in a varie.y of tumors and the.e.ore.are.like.y to be.important for tumorige.e.is, c-Cbl nbiquitinate. a numbe. of GFRs and dire.ts the. for de.radation. Mutations in c-Cbl have.be.n ide.tifie. in case. of mye.oid le.ke.ia and mye.odysplasia, providing a link be.we.n GFR ubiquitinatio

关键词： growth factor re.e.tor tyrosine.kinase trafficking UBe.B ne.roblastoma

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Asse.sing display variability in wild brown anole. Anolis sagre. using a me.hanical lizard mode.

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Curre.t Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： Sarah R. PARTAN peter OTOVIC Virginia L. PRICe.Scott e. BROWN School of Cognitive.Scie.ce Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA De.artme.t of Psychology University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signals use. for spe.ie. ide.tity ought to be.highly ste.e.type. so as to facilitate.imme.iate.re.ognition by conspe.ifics. It is surprising the.e.ore.to find variability in putative.spe.ie. signature.displays. The.brown anole.Anolis sagre. has a high de.re. of variability in its signature.bobbing display. In this study we.colle.te. de.criptive.data on variability in the.te.poral structure.of wild brown anole.bobbing patte.ns, finding that no two displays analyze. had the.same.te.poral structure. and we.also te.te. whe.he. wild brown anole. pre.e. the.signature.display ove. an alte.nate.display patte.n by using me.hanical robot playbacks in the.fie.d. As a re.ponse.me.ric we.asse.se. whe.he. or not the.lizards showe. social re.ponse. （pushup, de.lap e.te.sion, or he.d-nod） in re.ponse.to the.robotic pre.e.tations. We.found that the.lizards re.ponde. slightly more.to the.signature.than to the.alte.nate.patte.n, providing support for the.ide. that de.pite.the.variability se.n in displays, the.signature.patte.n is me.ningful to the.. We.te.te. two othe. inde.e.de.t variable.： spe.d of the.display and e.e.ation of the.robot during its display, ne.the. of which was significant. De.lap e.te.sions we.e.give. pre.ominantly by adult male. and we.e.more.like.y to be.give. in the.bre.ding se.son than the.nonbre.ding se.son. Pushups and he.d-nods we.e.give. e.ually by male. and a combine. class of fe.ale. and juve.ile., and we.e.not se.sonal. He.d-nods incre.se. afte. the.robot turne. off, sugge.ting that the. may be.use. in a conve.sational turn-taking style.during communication .

关键词： Spe.ie. re.ognition e.horobotics Visual signals Te.ritoriality Signature.display Se. diffe.e.ce.

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AN INVARIANCe.PRINCIPLe.IN LARGe.POPULATION STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC GAMe.

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Journal of Syste.s Scie.ce.& Comple.ity 2007年第2期20卷 162-172页

作者： Minyi HUANG peter e. CAINe. Roland P. MALHAMe De.artme.t of Information e.gine.ing Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia De.artme.t of e.e.trical and Compute. e.gine.ring McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2A7 Canada also affiliate. with Ge.AD De.artme.t of e.e.trical e.gine.ring Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal Montreal Q C H3 C 3A7 Canada also affiliate. with Ge.AD

We.study large.population stochastic dynamic game. whe.e.the.so-calle. Nash ce.tainty e.uivale.ce.base. control laws are.imple.e.te. by the.individual playe.s. We.first show a martingale.prope.ty for the.limiting control proble. of a single.age.t and the. pe.form ave.aging across the.population; this proce.ure.le.ds to a constant value.for the.martingale.which shows an invariance.prope.ty of the.population be.avior induce. by the.Nash strate.ie..

关键词： Large.population martingale.re.re.e.tation Nash e.uilibrium optimal control stochastic dynamic game.

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The.impact of minimally invasive.surge.ie. for the.tre.tme.t of symptomatic be.ign prostatic hype.plasia on male.se.ual function： a syste.atic re.ie.

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第4期12卷 500-508页

作者： Ryan W. Frie.e. Hao-Che.g Lin peter e.Hinh France.co Be.ardine.li Ste.e. e. Canfie.d Run Wang Division of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA De.artme.t of Urology Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University School of Medicine Nanjing 210008 China Division of Urology Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences ＂G.d＇Annunzio＂ University Chieti Italy De.artme.t of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Caneer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

A syste.atic re.ie. of randomize. controlle. trials and cohort studie. was conducte. to e.aluate.data for the.e.fe.ts of minimally invasive.proce.ure. for tre.tme.t of symptomatic be.ign prostatic hype.plasia （BPH） on male.se.ual function. The.studie. se.rche. we.e.trials that e.rolle. me. with symptomatic BPH who we.e.tre.te. with lase. surge.ie., transure.hral microwave.the.apy （TUMT）, transure.hral ne.dle.ablation of the.prostate.（TUNA）, transure.hral e.hanol ablation of the.prostate.（Te.P） and high-inte.sity fre.ue.cy ultrasound （HIFU）, in comparison with traditional transure.hral re.e.tion of the.prostate.（TURP） or sham ope.ations. A total of 72 studie. we.e.ide.tifie., of which 33 me. the.inclusion crite.ia. Of the.33 studie., 21 we.e.conce.ne. with lase. surge.ie., six with TUMT, four with TUNA and two with Te.P containing information re.arding male.se.ual function. No study is available.re.arding the.e.fe.t of HIFU for BPH on male.se.ual function. Our analysis shows that minimally invasive.surge.ie. for BPH have.comparable.e.fe.ts to those.of TURP on male.e.e.tile.function. Colle.tive.y, le.s than 15.4% or 15.2% of patie.ts will have.e.the. de.re.se.or incre.se. re.pe.tive.y, of e.e.tile.function afte. lase. proce.ure., TUMT and TUNA. As obse.ve. with TURP, a high incide.ce.of e.aculatory dysfunction （e.D） is common afte. tre.tme.t of BPH with holmium, potassium-titanyl-phosphate.and thulium lase. the.apie. （〉 33.6%）. TUMT, TUNA and ne.dymium：yttrium aluminum garne. visual lase. ablation or inte.stitial lase. coagulation for BPH has le.s incide.ce.of e.D, but the.e.proce.ure. are.conside.e. le.s e.fe.tive.for BPH tre.tme.t whe. compare. with TURP.

关键词： be.ign prostatic hype.plasia e.aculatory dysfunction e.e.tile.dysfunction minimally invasive.surge.y se.ual function,transure.hral re.e.tion of the.prostate

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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson＇s dise.se. a possible.targe. for ne.roprote.tion

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Frontie.s in Biology 2014年第6期9卷 489-503页

作者： Jacque.ine.A. GLe.Ve.peter D. Pe.RI Joanne.e. NASH Ce.tre.for Ne.robiology of Stre.s Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario M1C1A4Canada

Mitochondria are.dynamic organe.le. which are.re.uire. for maintaining ce.lular home.stasis. Thus, it is not surprising that irre.ularitie. in mitochondrial function re.ult in ce.lular damage.and are.linke. with ne.rode.e.e.ative.dise.se., such as Parkinson＇s dise.se. e.ide.ce.that mitochondrial dysfunction is ke. to the.pathoge.e.is of Parkinson＇s dise.se.is founde. in studie. in post-morte. tissue.from patie.ts with Parkinson＇s dise.se. and also from ge.e.ic studie. ste.ming from patie.ts with familial Parkinson＇s dise.se. Whe.he. trigge.e. by e.vironme.tal or ge.e.ic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs e.rly in the.pathoge.ic proce.s, and is ce.tral to Parkinson＇s dise.se.pathology. As such, targe.ing the.mitochondria to slow or halt dise.se.progre.sion is an attractive.strate.y for dise.se.modifying age.ts in Parkinson＇s dise.se. Inde.d, se.e.al the.apie. which targe. the.mitochondria have.be.n inve.tigate. as ne.roprote.tive.tre.tme.ts for Parkinson＇s dise.se. This re.ie. will discuss the.e.ide.ce.supporting mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson＇s dise.se.pathology as we.l as tre.tme.t strate.ie. that targe. the.mitochondria.

关键词： Parkinson's dise.se mitochondria oxidative.stre.s lysosome UPS

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Promoting Arte.isinin Biosynthe.is in Arte.isia annua Plants by Substrate.Channe.ing

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Mole.ular Plant 2016年第6期9卷 946-948页

作者： Junli Han Hongzhe. Wang Se.varaju Kanagarajan Me.gshu Hao Anne.i Lundgre. peter e. Brode.ius De.artme.t of Che.istry and Biome.ical Scie.ce. Linnaeus University 38192 Kalmar Sweden School of Fore.try and Biote.hnology Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Linan 311300 Zhejiang PR China De.artme.t of Plant Bre.ding Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 101230 53 Alnarp Sweden De.artme.t of Biology Lund University P.O. Box 114 22362 Lund Sweden

De.r e.itor Profe.sor Youyou Tu, China Acade.y of Chine.e.Me.ical Scie.ce., Be.jing, was awarde. the.2015 Nobe. Prize.in Physiology or Me.icine.for ＂he. discove.ie. conce.ning a nove. the.apy against malaria＂（https：//***/nobe._ prize./me.icine.laure.te./2015/***）. This the.apy is base. on the.se.quite.pe.oid arte.isinin, isolate. from Arte.isia annua. Arte.isinin and its de.ivative., administe.e. in the.form of arte.isinin-base. combination the.apie. （ACTs）, are.curre.tly the.be.t tre.tme.t for malaria.

关键词： Scie.ce. Me.icine se.quite.pe.oid

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