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Severe pediatric COVID‑19:a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 307-324页

作者： Yi‑Kan sun Can Wang pei‑Quan Lin Lei Hu Jing Ye Zhi‑Gang Gao ru Lin Hao‑Min Li Qiang Shu Li‑Su Huang Lin‑Hua Tan Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School f MedicineHangzhou 310052China The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310030China Surgical Intensive Care Unit Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of General Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiopulmonary and Extracorporeal Life Support Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Clinical Data Center Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiac Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Infectious Diseases Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China

Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)tends to have mild presentations in children.However,severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times,meriting further attention from clinicians.Meanwhile,the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely understood.Data sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed,Embase,and Wanfang databases.Searched keywords included“COVID-19 in children”,“severe pediatric COVID-19”,and“critical illness in children with COVID-19”.Results Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated status.Acute respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations,while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be seen.Multiple immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways,whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical manifestations.Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C),a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure,denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric immunity.Despite the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems,clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult guidelines.Conclusions Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ systems.The dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course,epitomize the vast functional diversity of the pediatric immune system and highlight the immun

关键词： Immunopathophysiology MIS-C Pediatric critical care Severe pediatric COVID-19

Integral precession calibration method of PIGA on linear vibration table

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 219-236页

作者： Chuang sun Shun-qing REN Jun-wei CAO ru HUO Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Faculty of Information technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

Linear vibration table can provide harmonic accelerations to excite the nonlinear error terms of Pendulous Integrating Gyro Accelerometer(PIGA).Integral precession calibration method is proposed to calibrate PIGA on a linear vibration table in this paper.Based on the precise expressions of PIGA’s inputs,the error calibration model of PIGA is established.Precession angular velocity errors of PIGA are suppressed by integer periodic precession and the errors caused by non-integer periods vibrating are compensated.The complete calibration process,including planning,preparation,PIGA testing,and coefficient identification,is designed to optimize the test operations and evaluate the calibration results.The effect of the main errors on calibration uncertainty is analyzed and the relative sensitivity function is proposed to further optimize the test positions.Experimental and simulation results verify that the proposed 10-position calibration method can improve calibration uncertainties after compensating for the related errors.The order of calibration uncertainties of the second-and third-order coefficients are decreased to 10^(-8)(rad.s^(-1))/g^(2)and 10^(-8)(rad.s^(-1))/g3,respectively.Compared with the other two classical calibration methods,the calibration uncertainties of PIGA’s nonlinear error coefficients can be effectively reduced and the proportional residual errors are decreased less than 3×10-6(rad.s^(-1))/g by using the proposed calibration method.

关键词： PIGA Linear vibration table Vibration measurement Calibration Error analysis Uncertainty analysis

Disparity estimation for multi-scale multi-sensor fusion

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 259-274页

作者： sun Guoliang pei Shanshan LONG Qian ZHENG Sifa YANG rui Suzhou Automotive Research Institute Tsinghua UniversitySuzhou 215000China Beijing Smarter Eye Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100023China College of Artifical Intelligence Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The perception module of advanced driver assistance systems plays a vital role.Perception schemes often use a single sensor for data processing and environmental perception or adopt the information processing results of various sensors for the fusion of the detection layer.This paper proposes a multi-scale and multi-sensor data fusion strategy in the front end of perception and accomplishes a multi-sensor function disparity map generation scheme.A binocular stereo vision sensor composed of two cameras and a light deterction and ranging(LiDAR)sensor is used to jointly perceive the environment,and a multi-scale fusion scheme is employed to improve the accuracy of the disparity map.This solution not only has the advantages of dense perception of binocular stereo vision sensors but also considers the perception accuracy of LiDAR sensors.Experiments demonstrate that the multi-scale multi-sensor scheme proposed in this paper significantly improves disparity map estimation.

关键词： stereo vision light deterction and ranging(LiDAR) multi-sensor fusion multi-scale fusion disparity map

Bifunctional Silicon Quantum Dots for Antibacterial Application and Highly Sensitive Detection of Tetracycline

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第2期8卷 218-227页

作者： Shuiqin Chai Yuting Chi Wanlin sun Xinyu pei Shuchen pei Chengyu sun Kang Luo Bo Yao College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China People’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Three Gorges Medical CollegeChongqing404037China

Silicon quantum dots(SiQDs)with high water-soluble and favorable photostability were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method.The average diameter of SiQDs was 2.02 nm characterized by transmission electron microscope.It was to be noted that the as-prepared SiQDs showed eff ective antibacterial activity,which was attributed to electrostatic interaction and the generation of reactive oxygen species.The minimum inhibitory concentration of SiQDs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 0.45 mg/mL and 0.38 mg/mL,respectively.Besides,based on the static quenching eff ect-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism,the SiQDs exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting tetracyclines(TC).A good linear relationship was obtained between the fluorescence intensity of SiQDs and the concentration of tetracycline(TC)in the range of 0–0.08μmol/L(R^(2)=0.9993)with a detection limit of 0.0176μmol/L.Furthermore,the TC content in the honey samples was determined using the SiQDs.All the results suggest that the as-prepared SiQDs can be a potential fluorescent probe for application in antibacterial and analysis.

关键词： Silicon quantum dots Antibacterial activity Reactive oxygen species Tetracycline detection

Interfacial charge redistribution to promote the catalytic activity of Vs-CoP-CoS_(2)/C n-n heterojunction for oxygen evolution

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 611-616页

作者： Jiawen sun Hui Xue Jing sun Niankun Guo Tianshan Song Yi-ru Hao Qin Wang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China

Modulating surface charge redistribution based on interface and defect engineering has been considered as a resultful means to boost electrocatalytic activity.However,the mechanism of synergistic regulation of heterojunction and vacancy defects remains unclear.Herein,a Vs-CoP-CoS_(2)/C n-n heterojunction with sulfur vacancies is successfully constructed,which manifests superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution,as demonstrated by a low overpotential of 170 mV to reach 10 mA/cm^(2).The experimental results and density functional theory calculations testify that the outstanding OER performance of Vs-CoP-CoS_(2)/C heterojunction is owed to the synergistic effect of sulfur vacancies and built-in electric field at n-n heterogeneous interface,which accelerates the electron transfer,induces the charge redistribution,and regulates the adsorption energy of active intermediates during the reaction.This study affords a promising means to regulate the electrocatalytic performance by the construction of heterogeneous interfaces and defects,and in-depth explores the synergistic mechanisms of n-n heterojunction and vacancies.

关键词： Charge redistribution n-n Heterojunction Built-in electric field Sulfur vacancy Oxygen evolution reaction

Incidence and Mortality of Cancers in Female Genital Organs—China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第10期6卷 195-202,I0003,I0004页

作者： Kexin sun Bingfeng Han Hongmei Zeng Shaoming Wang Li Li ru Chen Rongshou Zheng Wenqiang Wei National Central Cancer Registry National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

Introduction:This study presented the incidence and mortality rates of cancers affecting the female genital organs in China,along with their trends spanning from 2010 to 2018.Methods:700 population-based cancer registries provided relevant cancer incidence and mortality data for the year 2018.Among these,106 registries had continuous monitoring data suitable for trend analysis from 2010 to 2018.We focused specifically on cancers affecting female genital organs(ICD10=C51-C54,C56)and projected their incidences and mortalities in China for 2022 based on data from 2018 and the trends observed from 2010 to 2018.Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rate(ASMR)were calculated using Segi’s world standard population.Results:In 2022,there were an estimated 296,300 new cases and 104,900 deaths from female cancers in China.ASIRs for vulva(C51),vagina(C52),cervix uteri(C53),corpus uteri(C54),and ovary(C56)were 0.32,0.23,13.83,6.84,and 5.68 per 100,000 population.ASIRs for corpus uteri and ovary cancers were higher in urban areas.ASMRs for vulva,vagina,cervix,corpus uteri,and ovary cancers were 0.14,0.08,4.54,1.05,and 2.64 per 100,000 population,respectively.ASMR for ovarian cancer was higher in urban areas.ASIRs and ASMRs for most female genital organ cancers increased from 2010 to 2018,although the rate of increase for vulvar and cervical cancers in rural areas has slowed recently.Conclusions:Tailored cancer prevention and control programs specific to each region are necessary to address the growing disease burden.

关键词： ICD10 mortality organs

Whole-genome sequencing in medicinal plants:current progress and prospect

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 258-273页

作者： Yifei pei Liang Leng Wei sun Baocai Liu Xue Feng Xiwen Li Shilin Chen Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Institute of Herbgenomics Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Institute of Agricultural Bioresource Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350003China

Advancements in genomics have dramatically accelerated the research on medicinal plants,and the development of herbgenomics has promoted the“Project of 1K Medicinal Plant Genome”to decipher their genetic code.However,it is difficult to obtain their high-quality whole genomes because of the prevalence of polyploidy and/or high genomic heterozygosity.Whole genomes of 123 medicinal plants were published until September 2022.These published genome sequences were investigated in this review,covering their classification,research teams,ploidy,medicinal functions,and sequencing strategies.More than 1,000 institutes or universities around the world and 50 countries are conducting research on medicinal plant genomes.Diploid species account for a majority of sequenced medicinal plants.The whole genomes of plants in the Poaceae family are the most studied.Almost 40%of the published papers studied species with tonifying,replenishing,and heat-cleaning medicinal effects.Medicinal plants are still in the process of domestication as compared with crops,thereby resulting in unclear genetic backgrounds and the lack of pure lines,thus making their genomes more difficult to complete.In addition,there is still no clear routine framework for a medicinal plant to obtain a high-quality whole genome.Herein,a clear and complete strategy has been originally proposed for creating a high-quality whole genome of medicinal plants.Moreover,whole genome-based biological studies of medicinal plants,including breeding and biosynthesis,were reviewed.We also advocate that a research platform of model medicinal plants should be established to promote the genomics research of medicinal plants.

关键词： herbgenomics whole genome high throughput sequencing research strategy model species application

Performance analysis of a photovoltaic/thermal system with lunar regolith-based thermal storage for the lunar base

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1113-1123页

作者： sun WenGan ZHAO Bin pei Yu SHI LingFeng HU MaoBin LI MuJun REN Xiao pei Gang Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Hefei 230026China Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of New Energy China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266000China

Powering a moon base,especially keeping it warm during the long lunar night,is a big challenge.This paper introduces a photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)system incorporating regolith thermal storage to solve the challenge of power and heat provision for the lunar base simultaneously.The vacuum of space around the moon helps this system by reducing heat loss.During the moon's daytime,the system not only generates electricity but also captures heat.This stored heat in the regolith is then used at night,reducing the amount of equipment we need to send from Earth.The spectrally selective PV/T panels are designed to absorb a wide range of sunlight(0.3–2.5μm)while minimizing heat loss in the infrared range(3–30μm).Simulation results of the hybrid solar energy system indicate the average value of the overall efficiency is 45.9%,which relatively elevates 56.1%compared to the PV system.The launch mass of the proposed PV/T system is only 8.4%of a traditional photovoltaic-lithium battery system with the same amount of energy storage.And the total specific energy of the proposed system is 7.3 kWh kg^(-1),while that of the photovoltaic-lithium battery system is about 0.3 kWh kg^(-1).In summary,this study proposes an alternative combined heat and electricity supply system for the lunar base,which can greatly reduce the launch mass and free up load for other scientific research equipment.

关键词： in-situ resource utilization(IRSU) regolith thermal storage photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T) spectral selectivity

Role of adaptation measures in addressing heatwave exposure in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 148-157页

作者： Qin-Mei HAN Qing-Chen CHAO Shao sun pei-Jun SHI National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratoryof Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 0o08lChina Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Heatwave exposure has increased dramatically because of climate warming and population growth,along with their interactive effects.However,effective adaptation measures can reduce these impacts.Nonetheless,the dynamic changes,regional inequality in adaptive capacity and their potential contributions to reducing exposure in the future remain unclear.This study quantifies the impact of adaptive capacity and underscores regional variations in heatwave magnitudes,population exposure and adaptation levels in China.We projected the future adaptive capacity using air-conditioner penetration,factoring in climate cooling requirements and individuals'purchasing power.Utilising population and gross domestic product(GDP)data from four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP1,SSP2,SSP3 and SSP5)and daily temperature data from four SSP-based emission scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5),we estimated heatwave duration,population exposure and avoided impacts through adaptation across China and its sub-regions.Results show a substantial increase in heatwave duration in Southwest and Southern China,especially under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,with a projection of 163.2±36.7 d during 2081-2100.Under the SSP3|SSP3-7.0 scenario,total exposure reaches 156.4±76.8 billion person d per year,which is the highest among all scenarios and 23 times greater than that in 1986-2005 without adaptation.Upon considering adaptation measures,a noteworthy reduction in population exposure is observed,especially in the SSP3|SSP3-7.0 and SSP5JSSP5-8.5 scenarios,with reductions of(62.6±3.9)%and(65.8±5.1)%,respectively,compared with the scenario without adaptation during 2081-2100.Remarkable regional disparities in avoided impacts are also evident,with variations of up to 50%across different regions.The implementation of effective and environmentally friendly adaptation measures can notably address climate change,thereby alleviating the profound threats posed to human well-being.

关键词： Heatwaves Population exposure Adaptation Future projection China