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Evolution, divergence, and convergence in the mandibles of opossums (Didelphidae, Didelphimorphia)

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 488-504页

作者： Franciscodas Chagas silva-Neto silvia E.pavan Diego Astua Laboratorio de Mastozoologia Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco.Av.Prof.Moraes Regos.n.Cidade Universitaria.50670-901RecifePEBrazil Department of Biological sciences California State Polytechnic UniversityHumboldt1Harpst StreetArcataCA95521USA

Didelphid marsupials are considered a morphologically unspecialized group with a generalist diet that includes vertebrates,invertebrates,and plant *** cranium and scapula variation has alreadybeen examined within Didelphidae,variation inmandible shape,usually associated with diet or phylogeny in other mammalian groups,has not yet been properly assessed in the *** evaluated the variation in mandible shape and size of didelphids(2470 specimens belonging to 94 species)using 2D geometric *** classified the diet of the didel-phids into four broad categories to assess whether morphospace ordination relates to dietary *** also provided the most comprehensive phylogeny for the family(i23 out of the 126 living species)using 10 nuclear and mitochondrial *** then mapped mandible size and shape onto that phylogeny for 93 selected taxa and ancestral size and shapes were reconstructed by *** found phylogenetically structured variation in mandible morphology between didelphid groups,and our results indicate that they have a significant phylogenetic *** main axis of shape variation is poorly related to size,but the second is strongly allometric,indicating that allometry is not the main factor in shaping morphological diversity on their *** results indicate that the shape and size of the ancestral mandible of didelphids would be similar to that of the current species of the genus Marmosa.

关键词： mandible Didelphimorphia morphological evolution allometry phylogeny diet.

Contemporary nationwide trends in major adverse cardiovascular events in young cannabis users without concomitant tobacco,alcohol,cocaine use

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第9期16卷 512-521页

作者： Rupak Desai Priyatham Gurram Adil s Mohammed Rishabh B salian shanmukh sai pavan Lingamsetty sandeep Guntuku Ravi Venkata sai Krishna Medarametla Rawnak Jahan Zainab Muslehuddin Paritharsh Ghantasala Department of Outcomes Research Independent ResearcherAtlantaGA 30033United States Department of Internal Medicine Central Michigan University College of MedicineSaginawMI 48602United States Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical CollegeMangalore 575001India Department of Medicine Mamata Medical CollegeKhammam 507002India Department of Medicine Bangladesh Medical CollegeDhaka 110015Bangladesh Department of Internal Medicine Wayne State UniversitySinai Grace HospitalDetroit Medical CenterDetroitMI 48201United States

BACKGROUND Cannabis use has increased among young individuals in recent *** dependent cannabis use disorder(CUD)has been associated with various cardiac events,its effects on young adults without concurrent substance use remain *** To examine trends in hospitalizations for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)in this *** used the National Inpatient sample(2016-2019)to identify hospitalized young individuals(18-44 years),excluding those with concurrent substance usage(tobacco,alcohol,and cocaine).They were divided into CUD+and CUD-.Using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes,we examined the trends in MACCE hospitalizations,including all-cause mortality(ACM),acute myocardial infarction(AMI),cardiac arrest(CA),and acuteischemic stroke(AIs).REsULTsOf 27.4 million hospitalizations among young adults without concurrent substance abuse,4.2%(1.1 million)hadco-existent *** CUD+group,hospitalization rates for MACCE(1.71%vs 1.35%),AMI(0.86%vs 0.54%),CA(0.27%vs 0.24%),and AIs(0.49%vs 0.35%)were higher than in CUD-group(Pspitalizations was lower in CUD+group(0.30%vs 0.44%).From 2016 to 2019,CUD+group experienced arelative rise of 5%in MACCE and 20%in AMI hospitalizations,compared to 22%and 36%increases in CUDgroup(Pse in ACM hospitalizations,compared to a 10%relative rise in CUD-group(Psted for confounders,MACCE odds among CUD+cohort remain comparable between 2016 and *** CUD+group had higher rates of MACCE,but the rising trends were more apparent in the CUD-group ***,the CUD+group had lower ACM rates than the CUD-group.

关键词： Cannabis Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events Myocardial infarction Cardiac arrest stroke Allcause mortality Young adults Trends

Physical insights into trapping effects on vertical GaN-on-si trench MOsFETs from TCAD

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Journal of semiconductors 2024年第3期45卷 45-52页

作者： NicolòZagni Manuel Fregolent Andrea Del Fiol Davide Favero Francesco Bergamin Giovanni Verzellesi Carlo De santi Gaudenzio Meneghesso Enrico Zanoni Christian Huber Matteo Meneghini Paolo pavan Department of Engineering“Enzo Ferrari” University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41125Italy Department of Information Engineering University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department of sciences and Methods for Engineering(DIsMI) University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia 42122Italy EN&TECH Center University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia 42122Italy Advanced Technologies and Micro systems Department Robert Bosch GmbHRenningen 71272Germany

Vertical GaN power MOsFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching *** still in an early development phase,vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require careful studies to foster their *** this work,we report on the physical insights into device performance improvements obtained during the development of vertical GaN-on-si trench MOsFETs(TMOs’s)provided by TCAD simulations,enhancing the dependability of the adopted process optimization ***,two different TMOs devices are compared in terms of transfer-curve hysteresis(H)and subthreshold slope(ss),showing a≈75%H reduction along with a≈30%ss *** allow attributing the achieved improvements to a decrease in the border and interface traps,respectively.A sensitivity analysis is also carried out,allowing to quantify the additional trap density reduction required to minimize both figures of merit.

关键词： vertical GaN trench MOsFET siO_(2) interface traps border traps hysteresis BTI

Dietary Green Tea Extract and Antioxidants Improve Insulin secretory Functions of Pancreatic β-Cells in Mild and severe Experimental Rodent Model of Chronic Pancreatitis

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 53-72页

作者： Galande sheethal Ranjeet K. Tokala pavan Pondugala Krishna Vemula Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan Pothani suresh surya satyanarayana singh Guduru Venkat Rao Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Mitnala sasikala Basic science and Translational Research Division Asian Healthcare Foundation AIG Hospitals Hyderabad India Division of Cell and Molecular Biology National institute of Nutrition Hyderabad India National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research Hyderabad India Department of Biochemistry Osmania University Hyderabad India Department of surgical Gastroenterology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hyderabad India Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hyderabad India

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. It is predominantly idiopathic (with an unknown cause) in India and mostly due to alcohol in the West. Diabetes that occur secondary to chronic pancreatitis (T3c Diabetes) is often brittle, and is difficult to attain normoglycemia with conventional treatment requiring multiple doses of insulin. Mild and severe model of CP was induced in mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein and L-arginine respectively with an intent to study islet dysfunction and develop therapeutic strategy in animal models of CP. Dietary intervention of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was tested in both the models of CP for its beneficial effects on insulin secretory functions. Pancreata collected upon euthanasia were used to study alterations in the morphology of pancreatic parenchyma and inflammation by staining with H&E and fibrotic changes by Masson’s trichrome and picrosirius staining. Insulin secretory functions of islets were evaluated to test the efficacy of the dietary intervention on β-cell functions. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed to monitor the glucose homeostasis before and after the dietary intervention. Both the models resulted in CP with dispersed acini, inflammation and fibrosis. The loss of acini and extent of fibrosis was more in L-arginine model. 2-fold improvement in glucose-stimulated insulin secretory functions of islets was observed with 0.5% EGCG dietary intervention in cerulein model of CP and 1.6-fold in L-arginine model of CP. A further improvement in insulin secretion by 3.2-fold was observed with additional dietary supplements like N-acetyl cysteine, curcumin in combination with EGCG. Our results thus demonstrate and highlight the therapeutic potential of dietary green tea (EGCG) supplementation in reversing islet dysfunction and improving glucose homeostasis in experimental chronic pancreatitis in mice.

关键词： Dietary Intervention C57BL6/J Mice Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate N-Acetyl Cysteine Curcumin Chronic Pancreatitis Islets Glucose stimulated Insulin secretion

Odorants could elicit repair processes in melanized neuronal and skin cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1401-1404页

作者： Barbara pavan Alessandro Dalpiaz Department of Life sciences and Biotechnology University of Ferrara Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences University of Ferrara

The expression of ectopic olfactory receptors （ORs） in melanized cells, such as the human brain nigrostri- atal dopaminergic neurons and skin melanocytes, is here pointed out. ORs are recognized to regulate skin melanogenesis, whereas OR expression in the dopaminergic neurons, characterized by accumulation of pigment neuromelanin, is downregulated in Parkinson＇s disease. Furthermore, the correlation between the pigmentation process and the dopamine pathway through ct-synuclein expression is also highlighted. Purposely, these ORs are suggested as therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases related to the pig- mentation disorders. Based on this evidence, a possible way of turning odorants into drugs, acting on three specific olfactory receptors, OR51E2, OR2AT4 and VN1R1, is thus introduced. Various odorous molecules are shown to interact with these ORs and their therapeutic potential against melanogenic and neurodegen- erative dysfunctions, including melanoma and Parkinson＇s disease, is suggested. Finally, a direct functional link between olfactory and endocrine systems in human brain through VNIR1 is proposed, helping to counteract female susceptibility to Parkinson＇s disease in quiescent life.

关键词： OR51E2 OR2AT4 VN1R1 melanoma Parkinson's disease β-ionone sandalore hedione

Non-static plane symmetric inflationary Universe in scalar tensor theory

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第6期12卷 636-642页

作者： Rangavajhala Venkateswarlu Janjeti satish Kakarlapati pavan Kumar GITAM school of International Business GITAM UniversityVisakhapatnam530045India Vignan's Institute of Engineering for Women Visakhapatnam530046India Narasaraopet Engineering College Narasaraopet522601India

Non-static plane symmetric cosmological solutions are presented in the presence of cosmic strings in the scalar-tensor theory of gravitation formulated by sen ＆ Dunn. It is shown that string cosmological models representing geometric strings （ρ = λ） and massive strings （ρ ＋λ = 0） do exist in this theory. Further, it is found that the Takabayasi string, i.e. ρ= （1 ＋ζ）λ, does not exist. some physical and geometrical features of these models are discussed.

关键词： string fields -- inflation -- plane symmetry -- acceleration of particles-- gravitation

T3P catalyzed one pot three-component synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 3H-quinazolin-4-ones

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第8期26卷 963-968页

作者： Goravanahalli M.Raghavendra Chottanahalli s.pavan Kumar Gejjalagere P.suresha Kanchugarakoppal s.Rangappa Kempegowda Mantelingu Department of studies in Chemistry University of Mysore

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 3H-quinazolin-4-ones is described via one-pot three component reaction from anthranilic acid using T3 P as catalyst. Mild reaction conditions,short reaction time, broad functional group tolerance, easy isolation of products and good yields are main advantages of this protocol.

关键词： catalyzed equiv heterocyclic isolation moiety substituted aldehydes intramolecular substituent esters

Mnemonics for diagnostic criteria of DsM-5 mental disorders:a scoping review

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General Psychiatry 2020年第3期33卷 135-149页

作者： pavan Kumar Kadiyala Department of Psychiatry Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical SciencesEluruAndhra PradeshIndia

A multitude of psychiatric disorders have been described in classification systems like the Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition(DsM-5).Diagnosing a specific mental disorder requires memorising specific symptom criteria,and their improper recall may result in *** may use mnemonics,considering them as narratives or anecdotes of the diagnostic criteria.A scoping review of previously described mnemonics for DsM diagnostic criteria was carried *** electronic search was done in PubMed,Google scholar,Google Books and Google search engine using a prespecified search *** lists of relevant articles and chapters were hand searched to identify original and additional *** retrieved from websites were manually searched in Google to identify published journal articles or chapters for the same ***,some mnemonics were developed,modified or added based on the author's *** comprehensive search identified 93 records(44 journal articles,45 books and 4 websites)eligible for the *** of the mnemonics retrieved were related in some way to the disorder *** were listed under the heading of their respective disorders and indexed in the same order as in *** mnemonics that reflect a facet of their respective disorders were elaborated in detail.

关键词： Google DsM journal

Neuroprotective effects of Alda-1 mitigate spinal cord injury in mice:involvement of Alda-1-induced ALDH2 activation-mediated suppression of reactive aldehyde mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 185-193页

作者： Mushfiquddin Khan Fei Qiao pavan Kumar s.M.Touhidul Islam Avtar K.singh Jeseong Won Inderjit singh Department of Pediatrics Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson VA Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

spinal cord injury(sCI)is associated with high production and excessive accumulation of pathological 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal(4-HNE),a reactive aldehyde,formed by sCI-induced metabolic dysregulation of membrane *** aldehyde load causes redox alteration,neuroinflammation,neurodegeneration,pain-like behaviors,and locomotion *** scavenging of reactive aldehydes results in limited improved motor and sensory *** this study,we targeted the activity of mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)to detoxify 4-HNE for accelerated functional recovery and improved pain-like behavior in a male mouse model of contusion sCI.N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide(Alda-1),a selective activator of ALDH2,was used as a therapeutic tool to suppress the 4-HNE *** was induced by an impactor at the T9–10 vertebral *** animals were initially treated with Alda-1 at 2 hours after injury,followed by once-daily treatment with Alda-1 for 30 consecutive *** function was evaluated by the Basso Mouse scale,and pain-like behaviors were assessed by mechanical allodynia and thermal ***2 activity was measured by enzymatic assay.4-HNE protein adducts and enzyme/protein expression levels were determined by western blot analysis and histology/*** resulted in a sustained and prolonged overload of 4-HNE,which parallels with the decreased activity of ALDH2 and low functional ***-1 treatment of sCI decreased 4-HNE load and enhanced the activity of ALDH2 in both the acute and the chronic phases of ***,the treatment with Alda-1 reduced neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and neuronal loss and increased adenosine 5′-triphosphate levels stimulated the neurorepair process and improved locomotor and sensory ***,the results provide evidence that enhancing the ALDH2 activity by Alda-1 treatment of sCI mice suppresses the 4-HNE load that attenuates neuroinfl

关键词： 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal Alda-1 ALDH2 Basso Mouse scale score functional recovery mitochondrial function neuroinflammation neuroprotection pain spinal cord injury